Chlormequat chinhu chinoshandiswamutariri wekukura kwezvirimwakushandiswa kwayo muzvirimwa zvezviyo kuri kuwedzera muNorth America. Zvidzidzo zvehupfu zvakaratidza kuti kubatwa nechlormequat kunogona kuderedza kubereka uye kukonzera kukuvara kumwana ari kukura pamishonga iri pasi pemuyero unobvumirwa wezuva nezuva wakagadzwa nevatungamiriri. Pano, tinotaura nezvekuvapo kwechlormequat mumasampuli emuweti akatorwa kubva kuvanhu vemuUS, nemazinga ekuonekwa kwe69%, 74%, uye 90% mumasampuli akatorwa muna 2017, 2018–2022, uye 2023, zvichiteerana. Kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2022, huwandu hwakaderera hwechlormequat hwakaonekwa mumasampuli, uye kubva muna 2023, huwandu hwechlormequat mumasampuli hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Takaonawo kuti chlormequat yakawanikwa kakawanda muzvigadzirwa zveoat. Mhedzisiro iyi nedata rehupfu hwechlormequat zvinomutsa kunetseka nezvehuwandu hwehutachiona huripo uye zvinoda kuongororwa kwakawanda kwehupfu, kuongororwa kwechikafu, uye zvidzidzo zvezvirwere kuti zviongorore kukanganisa kwekushandiswa kwechlormequat pahutano hwevanhu.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoshuma kuwanikwa kwekutanga kwechlormequat, mushonga wekurima une chepfu yekukura uye yekubereka, muvanhu vemuUS uye mune zvekudya zvemuUS. Kunyange hazvo huwandu hwakafanana hwekemikari hwakawanikwa mumasampuli emuweti kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2022, huwandu hwakakwira zvakanyanya hwakawanikwa mumuenzaniso wa2023. Basa iri rinosimbisa kudiwa kwekutariswa kwakakura kwechlormequat muzvikafu nevanhu muUnited States, pamwe netoxicology uye toxicology. Zvidzidzo zveEpidemiological zvechlormequat, sezvo kemikari iyi iri chinhu chinosvibisa chiri kubuda chine mhedzisiro yakaipa pahutano pahuwandu hwakaderera muzvidzidzo zvemhuka.
Chlormequat ikemikari yekurima yakanyoreswa muUnited States muna 1962 semutongi wekukura kwezvirimwa. Kunyangwe parizvino ichibvumidzwa kushandiswa pamiti yekushongedza muUnited States chete, sarudzo yeUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ya2018 yakabvumira kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekudya (zvizhinji zviyo) zvakarapwa nechlormequat [1]. MuEU, UK neCanada, chlormequat inotenderwa kushandiswa pazvirimwa zvekudya, kunyanya gorosi, oats nebhari. Chlormequat inogona kuderedza kureba kwehunde, nokudaro ichideredza mukana wekuti zvirimwa zvikanganiswe, zvichiita kuti kukohwa kuve kwakaoma. MuUK neEU, chlormequat inowanzoonekwa zvakanyanya muzviyo nezviyo, sezvakanyorwa muzvidzidzo zvekutarisa kwenguva refu [2, 3].
Kunyangwe chlormequat ichitenderwa kushandiswa pazvirimwa muzvikamu zveEurope neNorth America, inoratidza hunhu hwechepfu zvichibva muzvidzidzo zvemhuka zvekare uye zvakaburitswa munguva pfupi yapfuura. Mhedzisiro yekusvibiswa kwechlormequat pakukuvadza kubereka nekubereka yakatanga kutsanangurwa mukutanga kwema1980 nevarimi venguruve vekuDenmark vakaona kudzikira kwekubereka munguruve dzakarerwa pazviyo zvakarapwa nechlormequat. Izvi zvakazoongororwa mukuyedzwa kwerabhoritari kwakadzorwa munguruve nemakonzo, umo nguruve hadzi dzakadyiswa zviyo zvakarapwa nechlormequat dzakaratidza kusagadzikana mukutenderera kwemasero eropa uye kusangana kwemhuka zvichienzaniswa nemhuka dzinodzora dzakadyiswa chikafu chisina chlormequat. Pamusoro pezvo, mbeva dzechirume dzakaratidzwa kuchlormequat kuburikidza nechikafu kana mvura yekunwa panguva yekukura dzakaratidza kudzikira kwekugona kuberekesa mbeu mu vitro. Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvechepfu yekubereka zvechlormequat zvakaratidza kuti kusvibiswa kwemakonzo kuchlormequat munguva dzakaoma dzekukura, kusanganisira pamuviri nehupenyu hwepakutanga, zvakakonzera kunonoka kuyaruka, kudzikira kwekufamba kwembeu, kudzikira kwehuremu hwenhengo dzekubereka dzechirume, uye kudzikira kwemazinga etestosterone. Zvidzidzo zvechepfu yekukura zvinoratidzawo kuti kusvibiswa kuchlormequat panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kukonzera kukura kwemwana mudumbu uye kusagadzikana kwemetabolism. Zvimwe zvidzidzo hazvina kuwana mhedzisiro yechlormequat pabasa rekubereka mumbeva dzechikadzi nenguruve hono, uye hapana zvidzidzo zvakazotevera zvakawana mhedzisiro yechlormequat pakubereka kwembeva dzechirume dzakasangana nechlormequat panguva yekukura nehupenyu hwepashure pekusununguka. Ruzivo rusina kuenzana pachlormequat mumabhuku ezvechepfu runogona kunge rwuri nekuda kwekusiyana kwekuyedzwa kwedosi uye zviyero, pamwe nesarudzo yezvisikwa zvemuenzaniso uye bonde remhuka dzekuyedza. Saka, kuferefeta kwakawedzerwa kunofanirwa.
Kunyangwe zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvechepfu zvakaratidza mhedzisiro yechlormequat pakukura, kubereka uye system ye endocrine, nzira dzinoita kuti migumisiro iyi yechepfu iitike nadzo hadzizivikanwe. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti chlormequat inogona kusashanda kuburikidza nenzira dzakatsanangurwa dzemakemikari anovhiringidza endocrine, kusanganisira estrogen kana androgen receptors, uye haichinje activity ye aromatase. Humwe humbowo hunoratidza kuti chlormequat inogona kukonzera migumisiro nekuchinja steroid biosynthesis uye kukonzera endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Kunyangwe chlormequat iripo munzvimbo dzakawanda muzvikafu zvemuEurope, huwandu hwezvidzidzo zve biomonitoring zvinoongorora kusangana kwevanhu ne chlormequat hushoma. Chlormequat ine hafu yenguva yehupenyu mumuviri, inenge maawa maviri kusvika matatu, uye muzvidzidzo zvinosanganisira vanhu vanozvipira, madosi mazhinji ekuyedza akabviswa mumuviri mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana. Muhuwandu hwevanhu vanobva kuUK neSweden, chlormequat yakaonekwa muweti yeanenge 100% yevatori vechikamu vechidzidzo ichi pahuwandu hwakanyanya uye huwandu hwakanyanya kupfuura mimwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakaita se chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, thiabendazole uye mancozeb metabolites. Zvidzidzo munguruve zvakaratidza kuti chlormequat inogonawo kuwanikwa mu serum uye inogona kutamiswa mumukaka, asi matrices aya haana kudzidzwa muvanhu kana mamwe marudzi emhuka dzekuyedza, kunyangwe kuvapo kwayo mu serum nemukaka kunogona kuve kwakabatana nekukuvadzwa kwekubereka kubva kumakemikari. . Pane mhedzisiro yakakosha yekusangana panguva yekuzvitakura nemucheche.
Muna Kubvumbi 2018, US Environmental Protection Agency yakazivisa huwandu hwechlormequat inobvumirwa mu oats, gorosi, bhari, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvichibvumira chlormequat kupinzwa muchikafu cheUS. Huwandu hwe oat hunobvumirwa hwakazowedzerwa muna 2020. Kuti ione kukanganisa kwesarudzo idzi pakuwanikwa uye kuwanda kwechlormequat muvanhu vakuru vemuUS, chidzidzo ichi chekuedza chakayera huwandu hwechlormequat muweti yevanhu vanobva kunzvimbo nhatu dzeUS kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2023 uye zvakare muna 2022, uye huwandu hwechlormequat mu oats negorosi zvakatengwa muUnited States muna 2023.
Mienzaniso yakaunganidzwa munzvimbo nhatu dzenzvimbo pakati pa2017 na2023 yakashandiswa kuyera huwandu hwechlormequat muweti muvagari vemuUS. Mienzaniso yeweti makumi maviri neimwe yakatorwa kubva kuvakadzi vane pamuviri vasina kuzivikanwa vakabvuma panguva yekusununguka zvichienderana ne2017 Institutional Review Board (IRB)-yakatenderwa neMedical University of South Carolina (MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA). Mienzaniso yakachengetwa pa4°C kwemaawa anosvika mana, yozobva yatorwa uye yakaomeswa nechando pa -80°C. Mienzaniso yeweti yevanhu vakuru makumi maviri nemashanu yakatengwa kubva kuLee Biosolutions, Inc (Maryland Heights, MO, USA) muna Mbudzi 2022, ichimiririra sampuli imwe chete yakatorwa kubva muna Gumiguru 2017 kusvika Gunyana 2022, uye yakatorwa kubva kune vanozvipira (varume gumi nevatatu nevakadzi gumi nevaviri). ) yakakweretwa kuMaryland Heights, Missouri. Mienzaniso yakachengetwa pa -20°C mushure mekutorwa. Pamusoro pezvo, sampuro dzeweti makumi mashanu dzakatorwa kubva kuvanhu vanozvipira kuFlorida (varume makumi maviri nevashanu, vakadzi makumi maviri nevashanu) muna Chikumi 2023 dzakatengwa kubva kuBioIVT, LLC (Westbury, NY, USA). Sampuro dzakachengetwa pa4°C kusvika sampuro dzese dzatorwa, dzobva dzatorwa uye dzaomeswa nechando pa -20°C. Kambani yemutengesi yakawana mvumo yeIRB inodiwa yekugadzirisa sampuro dzevanhu uye mvumo yekutorwa kwesampuro. Hapana ruzivo rwemunhu rwakapihwa mune chero sampuro dzakaedzwa. Sampuro dzese dzakatumirwa dzaomeswa kuti dziongororwe. Ruzivo rwakadzama rwesampuro runogona kuwanikwa muTable S1 yeRuzivo Runotsigira.
Kuyerwa kwechlormequat mumienzaniso yemuweti yevanhu kwakaongororwa neLC-MS/MS paHSE Research Laboratory (Buxton, UK) zvichienderana nenzira yakaburitswa naLindh et al. Yakagadziriswa zvishoma muna 2011. Muchidimbu, sampuli dzakagadzirwa nekusanganisa 200 μl yeweti isina kusefa ne 1.8 ml ye 0.01 M ammonium acetate ine internal standard. Sampuro yakazobviswa uchishandisa HCX-Q column, yakatanga yagadziriswa ne methanol, yozobva yagezwa ne 0.01 M ammonium acetate, yogezwa ne 0.01 M ammonium acetate, yozobviswa ne 1% formic acid mu methanol. Samples dzakazoiswa pa C18 LC column (Synergi 4 µ Hydro-RP 150 × 2 mm; Phenomenex, UK) uye dzakaparadzaniswa uchishandisa isocratic mobile phase ine 0.1% formic acid:methanol 80:20 pa flow rate 0.2. ml/min. Kuchinja kwemaitiro kwakasarudzwa ne mass spectrometry kwakatsanangurwa naLindh et al. 2011. Muganho wekuona waive 0.1 μg/L sezvakashumwa mune zvimwe zvidzidzo.
Kuwanda kwechlormequat muweti kunoonekwa se μmol chlormequat/mol creatinine uye kunoshandurwa kuita μg chlormequat/g creatinine sezvakataurwa muzvidzidzo zvekare (wedzera ne1.08).
Anresco Laboratories, LLC yakaedza sampuli dzechikafu che oats (25 dzechinyakare uye 8 dzechinyakare) negorosi (9 dzechinyakare) dze chlormequat (San Francisco, CA, USA). Mienzaniso yakaongororwa nekushandurwa zvichienderana nenzira dzakaburitswa [19]. LOD/LOQ yemasampuli eats muna 2022 uye yemasampuli ese egorosi nee oat muna 2023 akaiswa pa10/100 ppb uye 3/40 ppb, zvichiteerana. Ruzivo rwakadzama rwemuenzaniso runogona kuwanikwa muTable S2 yeRuzivo Runotsigira.
Kuwanda kwechlormequat muweti kwakarongwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye gore rekuunganidzwa, kunze kwemasampule maviri akaunganidzwa muna 2017 kubva kuMaryland Heights, Missouri, ayo akaunganidzwa nemamwe masampuleti a2017 kubva kuCharleston, South Carolina. Masampuleti ari pasi pemuganhu wekuona chlormequat akatorwa sepersenti yekuonekwa yakakamurwa ne square root ye 2. Data harina kugoverwa kazhinji, saka bvunzo yeKruskal-Wallis isina parameter uye bvunzo yekuenzanisa yaDunn yakashandiswa kuenzanisa ma median pakati pemapoka. Kuverenga kwese kwakaitwa muGraphPad Prism (Boston, MA).
Chlormequat yakawanikwa mu 77 kubva mu 96 weti sampuro, inomiririra 80% ye sampuli dzese dzeweti. Zvichienzaniswa ne 2017 na 2018–2022, sampuli dza2023 dzakawanikwa kakawanda: 16 kubva mu 23 sampuro (kana 69%) uye 17 kubva mu 23 sampuro (kana 74%), zvichiteerana, uye 45 kubva mu 50 sampuro (kureva 90%). ) dzakaedzwa (Tafura 1). Gore ra2023 risati rasvika, huwandu hwe chlormequat hwakaonekwa mumapoka maviri hwakaenzana, nepo huwandu hwe chlormequat hwakaonekwa mu 2023 sampuro hwaive hwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mu sampuli dzemakore apfuura (Mufananidzo 1A,B). Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwe chlormequat mu 2017, 2018-2022, uye 2023 kwaive 0.22 kusvika 5.4, 0.11 kusvika 4.3, uye 0.27 kusvika 52.8 micrograms ye chlormequat pa gramu ye creatinine, zvichiteerana. Avhareji yehuwandu hwe chlormequat mu 2017, 2018-2022, uye 2023 i0.46, 0.30, uye 1.4, zvichiteerana. Data iri rinoratidza kuti kuratidzwa kunogona kuramba kuchienderera mberi tichifunga nezve hafu yenguva yehupenyu hwe chlormequat mumuviri, nemazinga akaderera ekushandiswa pakati pa 2017 na 2022 uye mazinga akakwira ekushandiswa muna 2023.
Kuwanda kwechlormequat yemuenzaniso wega wega weti kunoonekwa sepoindi imwe chete ine zvidimbu zviri pamusoro peavhareji uye zvidimbu zvekukanganisa zvinomiririra +/- standard error. Kuwanda kwechlormequat yeurinary kunoratidzwa mu mcg yechlormequat pa gramu yecreatinine pachikero chemutsetse uye chikero che logarithmic. Kuongororwa kwekusaenzana kweKruskal-Wallis kwekuchinjana nebvunzo yaDunn yekuenzanisa kwakawanda kwakashandiswa kuyedza kukosha kwehuwandu hwe ...
Zvikafu zvakatengwa muUnited States muna 2022 na2023 zvakaratidza huwandu hwechlormequat hunoonekwa muzvigadzirwa zvese zve oat kunze kwezviviri pa25 zvechinyakare, nehuwandu hwacho huchibva pahusingaonekwe kusvika pa291 μg/kg, zvichiratidza kuti chlormequat iri muma oat. Kuwanda kwevanhu vanodya miriwo kwakakwira. Mienzaniso yakaunganidzwa muna 2022 na2023 yaive neavhareji yakafanana: 90 µg/kg uye 114 µg/kg, zvichiteerana. Muenzaniso mumwe chete wezvigadzirwa zve oat zvisere zveorganic waiva nehuwandu hwechlormequat hunoonekwa hwe17 µg/kg. Takaonawo huwandu hwakaderera hwechlormequat muzvigadzirwa zviviri zvegorosi zvipfumbamwe zvakaedzwa: 3.5 na12.6 μg/kg, zvichiteerana.
Uyu ndiwo mushumo wekutanga wekuyerwa kwechlormequat yemuweti muvanhu vakuru vanogara muUnited States uye muvanhu vari kunze kweUnited Kingdom neSweden. Maitiro ekuongorora zvipembenene muvanhu vari kuyaruka vanopfuura chiuru muSweden akanyora chiyero che100% chekuona chlormequat kubva muna 2000 kusvika 2017. Avhareji yehuwandu muna 2017 yaive 0.86 micrograms yechlormequat pa gram ye creatinine uye inoita kunge yakaderera nekufamba kwenguva, neavhareji yepamusoro iri 2.77 muna 2009. MuUK, biomonitoring yakawana avhareji yepamusoro yehuwandu hwechlormequat ye15.1 micrograms ye chlormequat pa gram ye creatinine pakati pa2011 na2012, kunyangwe mienzaniso iyi yakatorwa kubva kuvanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzekurima. Pakanga pasina musiyano pakuonekwa. Chiitiko chekupfapfaidza [15]. Chidzidzo chedu chemuenzaniso wekuUS kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2022 chakaratidza kuti mwero wepakati wakaderera zvichienzaniswa neongororo dzakamboitwa muEurope, nepo muna 2023 mwero wepakati wemuenzaniso waifanana nemuenzaniso wekuSweden asi wakaderera pane weUK.
Kusiyana uku mukuonekwa pakati penzvimbo nenguva kunogona kuratidza kusiyana kwemaitiro ekurima uye mamiriro ekutonga echlormequat, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvakanganisa huwandu hwechlormequat muzvigadzirwa zvekudya. Semuenzaniso, huwandu hwechlormequat mumienzaniso yeweti hwakanga hwakakwira zvakanyanya muna 2023 zvichienzaniswa nemakore apfuura, izvo zvinogona kuratidza shanduko dzine chekuita nezviito zvemutemo zveEPA zvine chekuita nechlormequat (kusanganisira miganhu yechikafu chechlormequat muna 2018). Kuwanikwa kwechikafu muUS munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Simudza mwero wekushandiswa kweoat panosvika 2020. Izvi zvinobvumira kupinza nekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakarapwa nechlormequat, semuenzaniso, kubva kuCanada. Kunonoka pakati pekuchinja kwemitemo yeEPA uye huwandu hwakakwira hwechlormequat inowanikwa mumienzaniso yeweti muna 2023 kunogona kutsanangurwa nemamiriro akati wandei, akadai sekunonoka mukugamuchirwa kwemaitiro ekurima anoshandisa chlormequat, kunonoka kwemakambani eUS mukutaurirana zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana, uye vanhu vega. vari kusangana nekunonoka mukutenga oats nekuda kwekupera kwemasheya ezvigadzirwa zvekare uye/kana nekuda kwehupenyu hwakareba hwezvigadzirwa zveoat.
Kuti tione kana huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaonekwa mumienzaniso yeweti yeUS hunoratidza mukana wekushandiswa mukudya kwechlormequat, takayera chlormequat muzvigadzirwa zveoat negorosi zvakatengwa muUS muna 2022 na2023. Zvigadzirwa zveoat zvine chlormequat kakawanda kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvegorosi, uye huwandu hwechlormequat muzvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zveoat hunosiyana, neavhareji ye104 ppb, zvichida nekuda kwekuwanikwa kubva kuUnited States neCanada, izvo zvinogona kuratidza mutsauko mukushandiswa kana kusashandiswa. pakati pezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa kubva muoat dzakarapwa nechlormequat. Kusiyana neizvi, mumienzaniso yechikafu yeUK, chlormequat yakawanda muzvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa negorosi zvakaita sechingwa, nechlormequat yakawanikwa mu90% yemienzaniso yakaunganidzwa muUK pakati paChikunguru naGunyana 2022. Avhareji yehuwandu i60 ppb. Saizvozvowo, chlormequat yakaonekwawo mu82% yemasampuli eat ekuUK paavhareji yehuwandu hwe1650 ppb, inodarika ka15 pane yemasampuli ekuUS, izvo zvinogona kutsanangura huwandu hwakawanda hweweti hwakaonekwa mumasampuli ekuUK.
Zvakawanikwa zvedu zvekuongorora chikafu zvinoratidza kuti chlormequat yakaitika gore ra2018 risati rasvika, kunyange hazvo chlormequat isingakwanise kudziviswa pakudya. Kunyangwe chlormequat isingadzoreki muzvikafu muUnited States, uye pasina ruzivo rwenhoroondo pamusoro pehuwandu hwechlormequat muzvikafu zvinotengeswa muUnited States, tichifunga nezvehafu yenguva yehupenyu hwechlormequat, tinofungidzira kuti huwandu uhwu hunogona kunge huri hwekudya. Pamusoro pezvo, choline precursors muzvigadzirwa zvegorosi nehupfu hwemazai zvinoumba chlormequat pakupisa kwakanyanya, senge izvo zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira chikafu, zvichikonzera huwandu hwechlormequat hunotangira pa5 kusvika 40 ng/g. Zvakawanikwa zvedu zvekuyedzwa kwechikafu zvinoratidza kuti mimwe mienzaniso, kusanganisira chigadzirwa cheoat cheorganic, yaive nechlormequat pamazinga akafanana neaya akataurwa muzvidzidzo zvechlormequat inowanikwa zvakasikwa, nepo mimwe mienzaniso yakawanda yaive nemazinga akakwira echlormequat. Saka, huwandu hwatakaona muweti kusvika muna 2023 hungangodaro hwakakonzerwa nekuwanda kwechlormequat mukudya kwakagadzirwa panguva yekugadzira chikafu nekugadzira. Mazinga akacherechedzwa muna 2023 angangove anokonzerwa nekusangana nechlormequat inogadzirwa yoga uye zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakarapwa nechlormequat mukurima. Kusiyana kwekusangana nechlormequat pakati pemienzaniso yedu kunogonawo kukonzerwa nenzvimbo, maitiro akasiyana ekudya, kana kusangana nechlormequat pabasa painoshandiswa mumagreenhouse nenzvimbo dzekurima.
Chidzidzo chedu chinoratidza kuti saizi huru dzesampuro uye sampuro dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvikafu zvinorapwa nechlormequat zvinodiwa kuti zviongorore zvizere manyuko ezvekudya anogona kuwanikwa nechlormequat muvanhu vane chirwere chidiki. Zvidzidzo zveramangwana zvinosanganisira ongororo yemasampuli ekare eweti nechikafu, mibvunzo yezvekudya neyebasa, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa chlormequat muzvikafu zvechinyakare uye zvechisikigo muUnited States, uye sampuro dzekuongorora bio zvichabatsira kujekesa zvinhu zvakajairika zvekuonekwa kwechlormequat muvanhu vemuUS.
Mikana yekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwechlormequat muweti uye muzvikafu muUnited States mumakore anotevera ichiri kutarisirwa kuzivikanwa. MuUnited States, chlormequat parizvino inotenderwa chete muzvigadzirwa zve oat negorosi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, asi Environmental Protection Agency parizvino iri kufunga nezvekushandiswa kwayo mukurima muzvirimwa zvisiri zveorganic zvemumba. Kana kushandiswa kwakadaro kwemumba kukabvumidzwa pamwe chete netsika yekurima yakapararira yechlormequat kunze kwenyika uye munyika, huwandu hwechlormequat mu oats, gorosi, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvezviyo hunogona kuramba huchikwira, zvichikonzera huwandu hwakakwira hwehuwandu hwechlormequat. Huwandu hwese hwevagari vemuUS.
Kuwanda kwechlormequat muweti mune izvi nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti munhu mumwe nemumwe akapa sampuli akasangana nechlormequat pamazinga ari pasi pehuwandu hweUS Environmental Protection Agency reference dose (RfD) (0.05 mg/kg yehuremu hwemuviri pazuva), saka zvinogamuchirwa. Kudya kwezuva nezuva kwakaderera pane huwandu hwekudya hwakaburitswa neEuropean Food Safety Authority (ADI) (0.04 mg/kg yehuremu hwemuviri pazuva). Zvisinei, tinoona kuti zvidzidzo zve toxicology zvakaburitswa zvechlormequat zvinoratidza kuti kuongororwazve kwezviyero izvi zvekuchengetedza kunogona kudiwa. Semuenzaniso, mbeva nenguruve dzakasangana nedosi dziri pasi peRfD neADI (0.024 uye 0.0023 mg/kg yehuremu hwemuviri pazuva, zvichiteerana) zvakaratidza kudzikira kwekubereka. Mune imwe ongororo ye toxicology, kuratidzwa panguva yekuzvitakura nedosi dzakaenzana nemazinga emhedzisiro yakaipa (NOAEL) asina kuonekwa (NOAEL) e5 mg/kg (anoshandiswa kuverenga huwandu hweUS Environmental Protection Agency reference dose) zvakakonzera shanduko mukukura kwemwana asati aberekwa uye metabolism, pamwe neshanduko muchimiro chemuviri. Mbeva dzevana vacheche. Pamusoro pezvo, mitemo yepamutemo haifungi nezvemigumisiro yakaipa yemusanganiswa wemakemikari anogona kukanganisa nzira yekubereka, ayo akaratidzwa kuti ane mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kana yekubatana pamatanho akaderera pane kusangana nemakemikari ega ega, zvichikonzera matambudziko anogona kuitika nehutano hwekubereka. Kunetseka nezvemigumisiro ine chekuita nehuwandu hwekushandiswa pari zvino, kunyanya kune avo vane huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandiswa muvanhu vazhinji muEurope neUS.
Chidzidzo ichi chekuedza kupararira kwemakemikari matsva muUnited States chinoratidza kuti chlormequat inowanikwa muzvikafu zveUS, kunyanya muzvigadzirwa zveoat, pamwe chete nemuzhinji weti dzakaonekwa dzakatorwa kubva kuvanhu vanosvika zana muUS, zvichiratidza kuti chlormequat iri kuramba ichipararira. Uyezve, maitiro ari mudata iri anoratidza kuti huwandu hwehutachiona hwawedzera uye hunogona kuramba huchiwedzera mune ramangwana. Tichifunga nezvezvinetso zvine chepfu zvine chekuita nekupararira kwechlormequat muzvidzidzo zvemhuka, uye kupararira kwevanhu vazhinji kuchlormequat munyika dzeEurope (uye ikozvino inogona kunge iri muUnited States), pamwe chete nezvidzidzo zvezvirwere nemhuka, pane chikonzero chekukurumidzira. Kuongorora chlormequat muzvikafu nevanhu Chlormequat. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzehutano dzekemikari iyi yekurima pahuwandu hwakakosha hwehutachiona, kunyanya panguva yekuzvitakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-04-2024