Chlormequat is achirimwa kukura regulatorkushandiswa kwavo muzvirimwa zvezviyo kuri kuwedzera muNorth America.Zvidzidzo zveToxicology zvakaratidza kuti kusangana nechlormequat kunogona kuderedza kubereka uye kukonzeresa kukuvadza kumwana ari kukura pamadhora ari pasi pedoro rinobvumidzwa remazuva ese rakatarwa nevane masimba.Pano, tinoshuma kuvapo kwechlormequat mumasampuli eweti akaunganidzwa kubva kuhuwandu hweUS, nemazinga ekuonekwa e69%, 74%, uye 90% mumasampuli akaunganidzwa muna 2017, 2018-2022, uye 2023, zvichiteerana.Kubva 2017 kusvika 2022, kudzika kwakadzika kwechlormequat kwakaonekwa mumasampuli, uye kubva 2023, chlormequat concentrations mumasampuli yakawedzera zvakanyanya.Isu takaona zvakare kuti chlormequat yaiwanikwa kazhinji mune oat zvigadzirwa.Izvi mhedzisiro uye toxicity data yechlormequat inosimudzira kushushikana pamusoro peazvino mazinga uye inodaidzira yakawedzera toxicity kuyedzwa, kuongororwa kwechikafu, uye epidemiological zvidzidzo kuongorora kukanganisa kwekufumurwa kwechlormequat pahutano hwevanhu.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoshuma kuonekwa kwekutanga kwechlormequat, agrochemical ine muchetura wekukura uye wekubereka, muhuwandu hweUS uye muchikafu chekuUS.Kunyange mazinga akafanana ekemikari akawanikwa mumasampuli eweti kubva muna 2017 kusvika 2022, mazinga akanyanya kukwirira akawanikwa mumuenzaniso wa2023.Iri basa rinoratidza kukosha kwekutarisisa kwakawanda kwechlormequat muchikafu uye masampu evanhu muUnited States, pamwe netoxicology uye toxicology.Epidemiological zvidzidzo zve chlormequat, sezvo kemikari iyi iri kubuda inosvibisa ine yakanyorwa yakashata yehutano mhedzisiro pamadhora akaderera muzvidzidzo zvemhuka.
Chlormequat ikemikari yekurima yakatanga kunyoreswa muUnited States muna 1962 semugadziri wekukura kwechirimwa.Kunyangwe pari zvino ichingobvumidzwa kushandiswa pazvidyarwa zvekushongedza muUnited States, sarudzo ye2018 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakabvumira kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvechikafu (zvizhinji zviyo) zvakabatwa nechlormequat [1].MuEU, UK neCanada, chlormequat inotenderwa kushandiswa pazvirimwa zvekudya, kunyanya gorosi, oats nebhari.Chlormequat inogona kuderedza kureba kwedzinde, nekudaro ichideredza mukana wechirimwa kumonyoroka, zvichiita kuti kukohwa kunetse.MuUK neEU, chlormequat ndiyo inowanzoonekwa yasara yezvipembenene muzviyo uye zviyo, sezvakanyorwa muzvidzidzo zvenguva refu [2, 3].
Kunyangwe chlormequat ichitenderwa kushandiswa pazvirimwa mumativi eEurope neNorth America, inoratidza toxicological zvimiro zvinoenderana nenhoroondo uye ichangobva kuburitswa yekuedza mhuka zvidzidzo.Mhedzisiro yekufumurwa kwechlormequat pachepfu yekubereka uye kubereka yakatanga kutsanangurwa mukutanga kwema1980 nevarimi venguruve veDanish vakaona kuderera kwekuita kubereka munguruve dzakasimudzwa pazviyo zvakagadziriswa chlormequat.Izvi zvakacherechedzwa zvakazoongororwa mune inodzorwa murabhoritari kuyedza munguruve uye mbeva, umo nguruve dzechikadzi dzaidyisa zviyo zvakashongedzwa nechlormequat zvakaratidza kuvhiringidzika mumatenderedzwa eestrous uye kukwira zvichienzaniswa nemhuka dzekudzora dzakadyiswa chikafu chisina chlormequat.Pamusoro pezvo, mbeva dzechirume dzakafumurwa chlormequat kuburikidza nechikafu kana mvura yekunwa panguva yekusimudzira yakaratidza kuderera kwekugona kuisa sperm in vitro.Zvichangoburwa kubereka chepfu zvidzidzo zve chlormequat zvakaratidza kuti kufumurwa kwemakonzo ku chlormequat panguva yakaoma yekukura, kusanganisira nhumbu uye hupenyu hwepakutanga, zvakakonzera kunonoka kuyaruka, kuderera kwembeu motility, kudzikira kwehuremu hwemurume wekubereka, uye kudzikira kwemazinga e testosterone.Zvidzidzo zvekuvandudza chepfu zvinoratidzawo kuti kuratidzwa kwechlormequat panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kukonzera kukura kwe "fetus" uye metabolic abnormalities.Zvimwe zvidzidzo hazvina kuwana mhedzisiro yechlormequat pakuita basa rekubereka mumakonzo echikadzi nenguruve dzechirume, uye hapana ongororo dzakazotevera dzakawana mhedzisiro yechlormequat pakubereka kwembeva dzechirume dzakafumurwa chlormequat panguva yekukura uye mushure mekusununguka.Equivocal data pa chlormequat muzvinyorwa zvetoxicological inogona kunge iri nekuda kwekusiyana kweyedzo dosi uye zviyero, pamwe nesarudzo yemhando zvipenyu uye zvepabonde zvemhuka dzekuyedza.Naizvozvo, kumwe kuongorora kunodiwa.
Kunyangwe zvichangobva kuongororwa zvetoxicological zvakaratidza mhedzisiro yechlormequat pakukura, kubereka uye endocrine system, nzira dzinoitwa nadzo toxicological mhedzisiro hazvizivikanwe.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti chlormequat inogona kusaita nenzira dzakanyatsotsanangurwa dzemakemikari anovhiringidza e-endocrine, anosanganisira estrogen kana androgen receptors, uye haishandure basa rearomatase.Humwe humbowo hunoratidza kuti chlormequat inogona kukonzera mhedzisiro nekuchinja steroid biosynthesis uye kukonzera endoplasmic reticulum kusagadzikana.
Kunyangwe chlormequat iri pese pese muzvikafu zvemuEurope zvakajairika, huwandu hwezvidzidzo zvebiomonitoring zvinoongorora kuratidzwa kwevanhu kune chlormequat idiki.Chlormequat ine hafu yehupenyu hupfupi mumuviri, inenge maawa 2-3, uye mune zvidzidzo zvinosanganisira vanhu vanozvipira, maitiro akawanda ekuedza akacheneswa kubva mumuviri mukati meawa 24.Muhuwandu hwemasamples kubva kuUK neSweden, chlormequat yakawonekwa muweti ingangoita zana muzana yevakapinda muzvidzidzo pamazinga akanyanya uye kutarisisa kupfuura mamwe mishonga yezvipembenene senge chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids, thiabendazole uye mancozeb metabolites.Zvidzidzo munguruve zvakaratidza kuti chlormequat inogonawo kuwanikwa muserum uye inogona kuendeswa mumukaka, asi matrices aya haana kudzidzwa muvanhu kana mamwe emhando dzemhuka dzekuyedza, kunyangwe kuvepo kwayo muserum nemukaka kungave kwakabatana nekukuvara kwekubereka kubva makemikari..Pane zvakakosha zvinokonzerwa nekuratidzwa panguva yekuzvitakura uye mucheche .
Muna Kubvumbi 2018, US Environmental Protection Agency yakazivisa mazinga anogamuchirika ekushivirira kwechikafu chechlormequat mune oats inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, gorosi, bhari, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemhuka, zvichibvumira chlormequat kuti iunzwe kunze kwekudya kweUS.Oat content inotenderwa yakazowedzerwa muna 2020. Kuratidza kukanganisa kwesarudzo idzi pakuitika uye kuwanda kwechlormequat muhuwandu hwevanhu vakuru vekuUS, chidzidzo chemutyairi ichi chakayera huwandu hwechlormequat muweti yevanhu vanobva kumatunhu matatu eUS geographic kubva 2017. kusvika 2023 uye zvakare muna 2022. uye chlormequat yemukati yeoat uye gorosi zvigadzirwa zvakatengwa muUnited States muna 2023.
Samples dzakaunganidzwa munzvimbo nhatu dzenzvimbo pakati pa2017 na2023 dzakashandiswa kuyera urinary mazinga echlormequat muvagari vemuUS.Makumi maviri nemumwe weti samples dzakaunganidzwa kubva kuvakadzi vakazvitakura vasina kuzivikanwa vakabvuma panguva yekusununguka zvinoenderana ne2017 Institutional Review Board (IRB) -inobvumidzwa protocol kubva kuMedical University yeSouth Carolina (MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA).Masamples akachengetwa pa4°C kweanosvika 4 maawa, ndokuzotorwa akaomeswa nechando pa -80°C.Makumi maviri neshanu evakuru weti samples akatengwa kubva kuLee Biosolutions, Inc (Maryland Heights, MO, USA) muna Mbudzi 2022, inomiririra imwe sampu yakaunganidzwa kubva Gumiguru 2017 kusvika Gunyana 2022, uye yakaunganidzwa kubva kune vanozvipira (gumi nevatatu varume negumi nevaviri vakadzi).) nechikwereti kumusangano weMaryland Heights, Missouri.Samples dzakachengetwa pa -20 ° C pakarepo mushure mekuunganidzwa.Pamusoro pezvo, makumi mashanu emasampuli eweti akaunganidzwa kubva kuFlorida vazvipiri (varume makumi maviri nevashanu, vakadzi makumi maviri nevashanu) muna Chikumi 2023 akatengwa kubva kuBioIVT, LLC (Westbury, NY, USA).Samples dzakachengetwa pa4°C kusvika ma samples ese aunganidzwa, obva atorwa uye akaomeswa nechando pa -20°C.Kambani inotengesera yakawana mvumo inodiwa yeIRB yekugadzirisa masampuli evanhu uye kubvuma kuunganidzwa kwemuenzaniso.Hapana ruzivo rwemunhu rwakapihwa mune chero sampuli dzakaedzwa.Masampuli ese akatumirwa akaomeswa nechando kuti aongororwe.Ruzivo rwakadzama rwemuenzaniso runogona kuwanikwa muKutsigira Ruzivo Tafura S1.
Quantification ye chlormequat muweti yemunhu samples yakatemwa neLC-MS/MS paHSE Research Laboratory (Buxton, UK) maererano nenzira yakabudiswa naLindh et al.Yakagadziridzwa zvishoma mu2011.Muchidimbu, sampuli dzakagadzirwa nekusanganisa 200 μl yeweti isina kusefa ne 1.8 ml ye0.01 M ammonium acetate ine mukati meyero.Sample yacho yakabva yatorwa pachishandiswa HCX-Q column, yakarongedzwa kutanga nemethanol, yozoita 0.01 M ammonium acetate, yakagezwa ne0.01 M ammonium acetate, uye yakanyungudutswa ne1% formic acid mumethanol.Samples dzakazotakurwa paC18 LC column (Synergi 4 µ Hydro-RP 150 × 2 mm; Phenomenex, UK) uye yakaparadzaniswa ichishandisa isocratic mobile phase ine 0.1% formic acid: methanol 80:20 pakuyerera 0.2.ml/min.Rection transitions yakasarudzwa ne mass spectrometry yakatsanangurwa naLindh et al.2011. Muganhu wekutsvaga waiva 0.1 μg / L sezvakataurwa mune zvimwe zvidzidzo.
Urinary chlormequat concentrations inoratidzwa se μmol chlormequat/mol creatinine uye inoshandurwa kuva μg chlormequat/g creatinine sezvakashumwa mune zvidzidzo zvekare (wanda ne 1.08).
Anresco Laboratories, LLC yakaedza zvikafu zveoats (25 zvakajairika uye 8 organic) uye gorosi (9 zvakajairika) zvechlormequat (San Francisco, CA, USA).Mienzaniso yakaongororwa nekugadziriswa maererano nenzira dzakadhindwa [19].LOD/LOQ yemaoat samples muna 2022 uye ese gorosi uye oat samples muna 2023 yakaiswa pa10/100 ppb uye 3/40 ppb, zvichiteerana.Ruzivo rwakadzama rwemuenzaniso runogona kuwanikwa muKutsigira Ruzivo Tafura S2.
Urinary chlormequat concentrations yakarongedzwa nenzvimbo nenzvimbo uye gore rekuunganidza, kunze kwemasamples maviri akaunganidzwa muna 2017 kubva kuMaryland Heights, Missouri, ayo akaunganidzwa nemamwe ma2017 samples kubva kuCharleston, South Carolina.Mienzaniso iri pasi peyero yekuongorora ye chlormequat yakabatwa sezana rekuonekwa rakakamurwa ne square root ye 2. Data yakanga isingawanzogoverwa, saka nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test uye Dunn's multiple comparison test yakashandiswa kuenzanisa midhiya pakati pemapoka.Maverengero ese akaitwa muGraphPad Prism (Boston, MA).
Chlormequat yakawanikwa mu77 ye96 weti samples, inomiririra 80% yemasampuli ese eweti.Zvichienzaniswa ne2017 uye 2018-2022, 2023 samples dzakaonekwa kakawanda: 16 kubva pa23 samples (kana 69%) uye 17 kunze kwe23 samples (kana 74%), zvichiteerana, uye makumi mana neshanu kubva makumi mashanu emakumi mashanu (kureva 90%). .) vakaedzwa (Tafura 1).Gore ra2023 risati rasvika, chlormequat concentrations yakaonekwa mumapoka maviri aya yaive yakaenzana, nepo chlormequat concentrations yakaonekwa mumasampuli e2023 yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mumasampuli emakore apfuura (Mufananidzo 1A, B).Iwo anocherekedzwa emukati meseji eiyo 2017, 2018-2022, uye 2023 samples aive 0.22 kusvika 5.4, 0.11 kusvika 4.3, uye 0.27 kusvika 52.8 micrograms yechlormequat pagiramu recreatinine, zvichiteerana.Iwo epakati kukosha kwemasamples ese muna 2017, 2018-2022, uye 2023 ari 0.46, 0.30, uye 1.4, zvichiteerana .Idzi data rinoratidza kuti kufumurwa kunogona kuenderera mberi kwakapihwa hupfupi hafu yehupenyu hwechlormequat mumuviri, ine yakaderera kuratidzwa mazinga pakati pa2017 na2022 uye yakakwirira kuratidzwa mazinga muna 2023.
Iyo chlormequat concentration yeumwe neumwe weti samples inoratidzwa senge poindi imwe chete ine mbariro dziri pamusoro pezvinoreva uye zvikanganiso zvinomiririra +/- standard kukanganisa.Urinary chlormequat concentrations inotaridzwa mumcg yechlormequat pagiremu recreatinine pachiyero chemutsara uye chiyero chelogarithmic.Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis wongororo yekusiyana neyeDunn's multiple comparison test yakashandiswa kuyedza kukosha kwenhamba .
Sampuli dzechikafu dzakatengwa kuUnited States muna 2022 na2023 dzakaratidza mazinga anoonekwa echlormequat mune ese kunze maviri e25 echinyakare zvigadzirwa zveoat, zvine huwandu hunobva pakusaonekwa kusvika 291 μg/kg, zvichiratidza chlormequat mune oats.Kuwanda kwevegetarianism kwakakwira.Samples dzakaunganidzwa muna 2022 uye 2023 dzaive neavhareji mazinga: 90 µg/kg uye 114 µg/kg, zvichiteerana.Sample imwe chete yezvigadzirwa zvisere zveoat oat yaive ine chlormequat inooneka ye17 µg/kg.Isu takaonawo kudzika kwakadzika kwechlormequat mune zviviri zvezvipfumbamwe zvigadzirwa zvegorosi zvakaedzwa: 3.5 uye 12.6 μg/kg, zvichiteerana.
Uyu ndiwo mushumo wekutanga wekuyerwa kweurinary chlormequat muvakuru vanogara muUnited States uye muhuwandu hwekunze kweUnited Kingdom neSweden.Pesticide biomonitoring maitiro pakati pevachiri kuyaruka vanodarika chiuru muSweden vakanyora chiyero che100% chekuonekwa kwechlormequat kubva muna 2000 kusvika 2017. Avhareji yehuwandu muna 2017 yaive 0.86 micrograms yechlormequat pagiramu recreatinine uye inoita kunge yakadzikira nekufamba kwenguva, neavhareji. iri 2.77 muna 2009.MuUK, biomonitoring yakawana yakakwira avhareji chlormequat kuunganidzwa kwe15.1 micrograms yechlormequat pagiramu recreatinine pakati pa2011 na2012, kunyangwe masampuli aya akaunganidzwa kubva kuvanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzekurima.pakanga pasina mutsauko mukufumurwa.Chiitiko chekupfapfaidza[15].Kudzidza kwedu kwemuenzaniso weUS kubva 2017 kusvika 2022 kwakawana akaderera epakati mazinga kana achienzaniswa neapfuura zvidzidzo muEurope, nepo muna 2023 sampuli yepakati mazinga aifananidzwa neSweden sampu asi akaderera pane UK sampu.
Iyi misiyano yekufumurwa pakati pematunhu nenzvimbo dzenguva inogona kuratidza mutsauko mukuita zvekurima uye kudzora mamiriro echlormequat, ayo anozopesvedzera mazinga echlormequat muzvigadzirwa zvekudya.Semuyenzaniso, chlormequat yakatarisana mumasampunzi weti yakakwira zvakanyanya muna 2023 zvichienzaniswa nemakore apfuura, izvo zvinogona kuratidza shanduko dzine chekuita neEPA zviito zvekutonga zvine chekuita nechlormequat (kusanganisira chlormequat chikafu muganho muna 2018).Zvokudya zveUS munguva pfupi iri kutevera.Simudza maitiro ekushandisa oat panosvika 2020. Zviito izvi zvinobvumira kupinza uye kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvekurima zvakabatwa nechlormequat, semuenzaniso, kubva kuCanada.Iyo lag pakati peEPA regulatory shanduko uye yakakwira yakakwira yechlormequat inowanikwa mumasampuli eweti muna 2023 inogona kutsanangurwa nemamiriro akati wandei, sekunonoka kutorwa kwemaitiro ekurima anoshandisa chlormequat, kunonoka nemakambani eUS mukutaurirana zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana, uye. vanhu vakazvimirira.vari kuona kunonoka kutenga oats nekuda kwekuderera kwechigadzirwa chekare uye / kana nekuda kwehupenyu hurefu hwehupenyu hweoat zvigadzirwa.
Kuti tione kana kuwanda kwakaonekwa muUS weti samples kunoratidza mukana wekudya kune chlormequat, takayera chlormequat muoat negorosi zvigadzirwa zvakatengwa kuUS muna 2022 na2023. Zvigadzirwa zveoat zvine chlormequat kakawanda kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvegorosi, uye huwandu hwechlormequat mu zvakasiyana-siyana oat zvigadzirwa zvinosiyana, neavhareji mwero we104 ppb, zvichida nekuda kwekupa kubva kuUnited States neCanada, izvo zvinogona kuratidza kusiyana kwekushandiswa kana kusashandiswa.pakati pezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kubva oats inobatwa nechlormequat.Kusiyana neizvi, muUK chikafu samples, chlormequat yakawanda muzvigadzirwa zvegorosi zvakaita sechingwa, ine chlormequat inowanikwa mu90% yemasampuli akaunganidzwa muUK pakati paChikunguru naGunyana 2022. Avhareji yekuisa 60 ppb.Saizvozvo, chlormequat yakaonekwawo mu82% yeUK oat samples paavhareji ye1650 ppb, inodarika kagumi neshanu kupfuura mumasampuli eUS, izvo zvinogona kutsanangura kuwanda kwepamusoro weti kunoonekwa mumasampuli eUK.
Yedu biomonitoring mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti kufumurwa kune chlormequat kwakaitika gore ra2018 risati rasvika, kunyangwe kushivirira kwekudya kune chlormequat kusati kwatangwa.Kunyangwe chlormequat isingadzorerwe muzvikafu muUnited States, uye hapana nhoroondo yenhoroondo pamusoro pehuwandu hwechlormequat muzvikafu zvinotengeswa muUnited States, tichipihwa hupfupi hafu yehupenyu hwechlormequat, isu tinofungidzira kuti kuratidzwa uku kungave kwekudya.Pamusoro pezvo, choline precursors muzvigadzirwa zvegorosi uye hupfu hwezai zvinowanzoita chlormequat pakupisa kwakanyanya, senge iyo inoshandiswa mukugadzira chikafu nekugadzira, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwechlormequat kubva pa5 kusvika 40 ng/g.Mhedzisiro yedu yekuyedza chikafu inoratidza kuti mamwe masampuli, anosanganisira organic oat chigadzirwa, aive nechlormequat pamazinga akafanana neakataurwa muzvidzidzo zve chlormequat inongoitika, nepo mamwe masampula mazhinji aive nemazinga epamusoro echlormequat.Nekudaro, iwo mazinga atakaona muweti kuburikidza ne2023 angangove nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwekudya kune chlormequat inogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira chikafu nekugadzira.Mazinga akacherechedzwa muna 2023 anogona kunge ari nekuda kwekuratidzwa kwechikafu kune inongogadzirwa chlormequat uye zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakabatwa nechlormequat mukurima.Misiyano mukuratidzwa kwechlormequat pakati pemasamples edu inogonawo kunge iri nekuda kwenzvimbo, madyiro akasiyana, kana kuratidzwa kwebasa kune chlormequat kana ichishandiswa mumagreenhouses nema nursery.
Chidzidzo chedu chinoratidza kuti saizi hombe dzemuenzaniso uye imwe yakasiyana siyana yezvikafu zvakarapwa nechlormequat inodiwa kuti uongorore zvizere zvingangoitika zvekudya zvechlormequat muvanhu vakaderera-kuratidzwa.Zvidzidzo zveramangwana zvinosanganisira kuongororwa kwenhoroondo weti uye masampu echikafu, chikafu uye mibvunzo yebasa, kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa chlormequat mune zvakajairwa uye organic chikafu muUnited States, uye biomonitoring samples zvichabatsira kujekesa zvinhu zvakajairika zvekufumurwa kwechlormequat muhuwandu hweUS.
Mukana wekuwedzera mazinga e chlormequat muweti uye masampuli echikafu muUnited States mumakore anotevera anoramba akatemerwa.MuUnited States, chlormequat parizvino inongobvumidzwa muzvigadzirwa zveoat uye gorosi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, asi Environmental Protection Agency parizvino iri kufunga nezvekushandiswa kwayo kwekurima muzvirimwa zvisiri zvevhu.Kana kushandiswa kwakadai kwepamba kuchibvumidzwa pamwe chete neyakapararira tsika yekurima yechlormequat kunze kwenyika uye mudzimba, mazinga echlormequat muoats, gorosi, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvezviyo zvinogona kuramba zvichikwira, zvichitungamira kumazinga epamusoro ekuratidzwa kwechlormequat.Huwandu hwevanhu veUS.
Ikozvino weti yekumisikidza kwechlormequat mune izvi uye zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti ega ega vanopa vakaoneswa chlormequat pamatanho aive ese ari pasi peakaburitswa US Environmental Protection Agency referensi dosi (RfD) (0.05 mg/kg uremu hwemuviri pazuva), saka zvinogamuchirwa. .Kudya kwezuva nezuva kune akati wandei mirairo yehukuru yakaderera pane kukosha kwekudya kwakaburitswa neEuropean Food Safety Authority (ADI) (0.04 mg/kg uremu hwemuviri / zuva).Nekudaro, isu tinocherekedza kuti yakaburitswa toxicology zvidzidzo zve chlormequat zvinoratidza kuti kuongororwazve kweaya ekuchengetedza zvikumbaridzo kungave kuri madikanwa.Semuenzaniso, mbeva nenguruve dzakafumurwa madosi pazasi peiyo RfD uye ADI (0.024 uye 0.0023 mg/kg uremu hwemuviri / zuva, zvichiteerana) yakaratidza kuderera kwembereko.Mune imwe ongororo yetoxicology, kuratidzwa panguva yekuzvitakura kune madosi akaenzana neasina-inocherechedzwa adverse effect level (NOAEL) ye5 mg/kg (yakashandiswa kuverenga US Environmental Protection Agency referensi yedosi) yakakonzera shanduko mukukura kwe fetal uye metabolism, zvakare. sekuchinja kwechimiro chemuviri.Neonatal mbeva .Pamusoro pezvo, zvikumbaridzo zvekutonga hazvitarise kuipa kwemusanganiswa wemakemikari anogona kukanganisa hurongwa hwekubereka, ayo akaratidzwa kuve nekuwedzera kana synergistic mhedzisiro pamadosi akaderera pane kuratidzwa kune ega makemikari, zvichikonzera matambudziko anogona kuitika nehutano hwekubereka.utano.Kunetsekana pamusoro pemhedzisiro ine chekuita nemazinga azvino ekufumurwa, kunyanya kune avo vane huwandu hwepamusoro muhuwandu hwevanhu muEurope neUS.
Ichi chidzidzo chemutyairi chekuratidzwa kwemakemikari matsva muUnited States chinoratidza kuti chlormequat inowanikwa muzvikafu zveUS, kunyanya muzvigadzirwa zveoat, pamwe nemuzhinji weti dzakaonekwa dzakaunganidzwa kubva kuvanhu vangangosvika zana muUS, zvichiratidza kuenderera mberi kwechlormequat.Uyezve, maitiro mune idzi data anoratidza kuti mazinga ekuratidzira akawedzera uye anogona kuramba achiwedzera mune ramangwana.Tichifunga nezve toxicological kunetsekana kwakabatana nekufumurwa kwechlormequat muzvidzidzo zvemhuka, uye kupararira kwakawanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu kune chlormequat munyika dzeEurope (uye zvino ingangove muUnited States), pamwe nechirwere chechirwere uye zvidzidzo zvemhuka, pane chinodiwa chekuchimbidzira Kuongorora chlormequat mu chikafu uye vanhu Chlormequat.Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzehutano hweiyi kemikari yekurima pamazinga akakosha ekuratidzwa, kunyanya panguva yekuzvitakura.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-04-2024