Kuisamushonga wezvipembenenemambure emafafitera (ITNs) pamikova yakashama, mahwindo, uye madziro akazaruka mudzimba dzisina kusimbiswa inzira inogona kudzora marariya. Inogonakudzivirira umhutukubva pakupinda mumba, zvichipa zvinouraya uye zvinouraya zvinokonzeresa marariya uye zvinogona kuderedza kutapurirana kwemalaria. Nokudaro, takaita chidzidzo chechirwere chechirwere mudzimba dzeTanzania kuti tiongorore kushanda kwezvipembenene zvemawindo ezvipembenene (ITNs) mukudzivirira kubva kune chirwere chemalaria uye mavheji mukati.
MuRuwa rweCharinze, kuTanzania, mhuri 421 dzakagoverwa zvisina tsarukano kumapoka maviri. Kubva munaChikumi kusvika Chikunguru 2021, mambure eumhutu ane deltamethrin uye synergist akaiswa pamaeves, mahwindo, uye mazaru emadziro muboka rimwe, nepo rimwe boka harina. Kutevera kugadzwa, pakupera kwemwaka wekunaya kwenguva refu (Chikumi/Chikunguru 2022, mhedzisiro yekutanga) uye mwaka mupfupi wekunaya (Ndira/Kukadzi 2022, wechipiri mhedzisiro), vese vemba vanotora chikamu (vezera ≥6 mwedzi) vakaongororwa kuwanda kwePCR hutachiona hwemarariya. Sekondari mhedzisiro yaisanganisira huwandu hweumhutu pariva pausiku humwe (Chikumi/Chikunguru 2022), maitiro akashata mwedzi mumwe mushure mekuiswa mambure (Nyamavhuvhu 2021), uye chemobioavailability uye zvisaririra gore rimwe mushure mekushandisa mambure (Chikumi/Chikunguru 2022). Pakapera kutongwa, boka rinodzora rakagamuchirawo mambure eumhutu.
Chidzidzo ichi hachina kukwanisa kutora mhedziso nekuda kwesaizi isina kukwana nekuda kwekuramba kwevamwe vagari kutora chikamu. Chiyero chakakura-chakatemerwa-randomized controlled controlled trial, chinosanganisira kuiswa kwemahwindo emahwindo akabatwa nemishonga inogara kwenguva refu, inodiwa kuti uongorore kupindira uku.
Mashoko ehuwandu hwemarariya akaongororwa achishandisa nzira ye-protocol, zvichireva kuti vanhu vakanga vafamba mukati memavhiki maviri vasati vaongororwa kana kutora mishonga yekudzivirira marariya vakabviswa pakuongorora.
Nekuti huwandu hweumhutu hwakabatwa panguva yekuongorora hwaive hudiki, chete isina kuchinjika yakaipa binomial regression modhi yehuwandu hweumhutu hunobatwa husiku hwese nemusungo wega wega wakashandiswa kuona huwandu hweumhutu mukamuri.
Padzimba 450 dzakakodzera dzakasarudzwa mumisha yose mipfumbamwe, vapfumbamwe havana kuverengerwa nekuti vaive vasina matenga akavhurika kana mahwindo zvisati zvaitwa. Muna Chivabvu 2021, dzimba mazana mana nemakumi mana neshanu dzakaiswa pasi peiyo randomisation yakasarudzika nemusha: 221 dzimba dzakapihwa kune intelligent ventilation system (IVS) boka, uye 220 yakasara kuboka rinodzora. Pakupedzisira, 208 yedzimba dzakasarudzwa dzakapedza kuiswa kweIVS, nepo 195 yakaramba iri muboka rekutonga (Mufananidzo 3).
Dzimwe ongororo dzinoratidza kuti ITS inogona kushanda zvakanyanya mukudzivirira marariya mune mamwe mazera, dzimba, kana kushandiswa nemambure eumhutu. Kuwanikwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira marariya, kunyanya mambure eumhutu, kwanzi kushoma, kunyanya pakati pevana vezera rechikoro.[46] Kushaikwa kwemambure mudzimba kunobatsira kuti mambure ashandiswe zvishoma mudzimba, uye vana vezera rechikoro vanowanzoregeredzwa, zvichibva zvaita kuti vanhu varambe vachitapurirana marariya. uye chokwadi chekuti boka iri rinogona kusangana nekunetseka zvakanyanya kuwana mambure, ITS inogona kunge yakapa dziviriro kuboka iri, nekudaro ichizadza mukaha wekudzivirira mukushandiswa kwenet. Zvivako zvedzimba zvakambobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwekutapurirwa kwemalaria; semuenzaniso, kuparuka kwemadziro emadhaka nemakomba ari pamatenga echinyakare kunoita kuti umhutu upinde.[8] Zvisinei, hapana humbowo hunotsigira chirevo ichi; Ongororo yemapoka ezvidzidzo nerudzi rwemadziro, rudzi rwedenga, uye kushandiswa kwekare kweITN kwakaratidza hapana musiyano pakati peboka rekutonga neboka reITN.
Kunyange zvazvo dzimba dzinoshandisa indoor mosquito control system (ITS) dzaive neumhutu hweAnopheles hushoma hunobatwa pamusungo pausiku humwe, musiyano wacho waiva mudiki kana uchienzaniswa nedzimba dzisina ITS. Kudzikira kwekubatwa mudzimba dzinenge dzichishandisa ITS kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwekubudirira kwayo kurudzi rweumhutu hunokosha hunodya nekurara mumba (semuAnopheles gambiae [50]) asi hunogona kusanyanya kushanda pakurwisa mhando dzeumhutu dzingangoshanda kunze (semuenzaniso, Anopheles africanus). Uyezve, maITS emazuva ano anogona kunge asina kukwana kwakakwana uye kwakadzikama kwepyrethroids nePBO uye, naizvozvo, inogona kusashanda zvakakwana kune pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae, sezvakaratidzwa mune imwe nzvimbo yekudzidza [Odufuwa, iri kuuya]. Mhedzisiro iyi inogonawo kunge yakakonzerwa nekusakwana kwesimba rekuverenga. Kuti uone mutsauko we10% pakati peboka reITS neboka rinodzora rine 80% simba rekuverenga, dzimba dze500 dzaidiwa kune rimwe nerimwe boka. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, chidzidzo ichi chakabatana nemamiriro ekunze asina kujairika muTanzania gore iroro, nekuwedzera tembiricha uye kushomeka kwemvura[51], izvo zvingadai zvakakanganisa kuvapo uye kurarama kweAnopheles mosquito[52] uye zvinogona kunge zvakakonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hweumhutu panguva yekudzidza. Kusiyana neizvi, pakanga paine musiyano mudiki muavhareji zuva nezuva density yeCulex pipiens pallens mudzimba dzine ITS zvichienzaniswa nedzimba dzisina iyo. Sezvambotaurwa [Odufuwa, iri kuuya], chiitiko ichi chinogona kunge chiri nekuda kweiyo chaiyo tekinoroji yekuwedzera pyrethroids uye PBO kuITS, iyo inomisa yavo insecticidal maitiro paCulex pipiens. Uyezve, kusiyana neumhutu hweAnopheles, Culex pipiens inogona kupinda muzvivako nemagonhi, sezvinowanikwa muongororo yeKenya[24] uye chidzidzo che entomological muTanzania[53]. Kuisa magonhi ezvidzitiro kungave kusingaite uye kuchawedzera njodzi yekuti mugari aonekwe nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Umhutu hweAnopheles hunonyanya kupinda nepanzeve[54], uye kupindira kukuru kungave nekukanganisa kukuru kwehumhutu, sezvinoratidzwa nemuenzaniso unobva pane data yeSFS[Odufuwa, iri kuuya].
Kuita kwakashata kwakataurwa nevanyanzvi uye vatori vechikamu kwaienderana nemaitiro anozivikanwa kune pyrethroid exposure [55]. Zvinonyanya kukosha, maitiro mazhinji akashumwa akaipa akagadziriswa mukati meawa 72 yekuratidzwa, sezvo nhamba diki kwazvo (6%) yemhuri yakatsvaga kurapwa, uye vese vatori vechikamu vakawana kurapwa pasina muripo. Chiitiko chepamusoro chekuhotsira chakaonekwa pakati pevashandi gumi nevatatu (65%) chakabatana nekutadza kushandisa masiki akapihwa, zvichitaura kusagadzikana uye chinongedzo chinogoneka kuCOVID-19. Zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvinogona kufunga nezvekumanikidza kupfeka mask.
MuDunhu reCharinze, hapana misiyano yakakura yakaonekwa muhuwandu hwechirwere chemalaria kana huwandu hweumhutu hwemukati pakati pedzimba dzine uye dzisina mahwindo ane mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene (ITS). Izvi zvingangove zvichikonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwechidzidzo, zvipembenene uye zvisaririra, uye kukwirira kwevatori vechikamu. Zvisinei nekushaikwa kwemisiyano yakakura, kuderera kwezviitiko zveparasite mudzimba kwakaonekwa munguva yekunaya kwenguva refu kwemvura, kunyanya pakati pevana vechikoro. Indoor Anopheles mosquito yakadzikirawo, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwekuwedzera kudzidza. Naizvozvo, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi kwekutora chikamu, dhizaini-yakasarudzika inodzorwa dhizaini, yakasanganiswa nekuita basa rekuita nharaunda uye kuparidzira, inokurudzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-21-2025