Tichitora semuenzaniso wegore ra2014, kutengeswa kwemishonga yekuuraya utsi ye aryloxyphenoxypropionate pasi rose kwaive US$1.217 bhiriyoni, zvichireva 4.6% yemusika wemishonga yekuuraya utsi wepasi rose weUS$26.440 bhiriyoni uye 1.9% yemusika wemishonga yekuuraya utsi wepasi rose weUS$63.212 bhiriyoni. Kunyangwe isina kunaka semishonga yekuuraya utsi yakaita seamino acids nesulfonylureas, inewo nzvimbo mumusika wemishonga yekuuraya utsi (iri pachinzvimbo chechitanhatu mukutengesa kwepasi rose).
Mishonga yeAryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora sora reuswa. Yakawanikwa muma1960 apo Hoechst (Germany) yakatsiva boka rephenyl muchimiro che2,4-D nediphenyl ether uye yakagadzira chizvarwa chekutanga chemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yearyloxyphenoxypropionic acid. "Grass Ling". Muna 1971, zvakaonekwa kuti chimiro chemhete yemubereki chine A naB. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakatevera yerudzi urwu yakagadziriswa zvichibva pairi, ichichinja mhete yeA benzene kune rumwe rutivi kuita mhete yeheterocyclic kana yakasanganiswa, uye ichiisa mapoka anoshanda akadai semaatomu eF mumhete, zvichikonzera mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvine basa rakawanda. , mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakasarudzwa zvakanyanya.
Maumbirwo emushonga wesora weAPP
Nhoroondo yekukura kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inonzi propionic acid
Maitiro ekuita
Mishonga yeAryloxyphenoxypropionic acid inonyanya kudzivirira acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), nokudaro ichidzivisa kugadzirwa kwemafuta acids, zvichikonzera kugadzirwa kweoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, uye waxy layers uye maitiro ecuticle anovharika, zvichikonzera kuparadzwa nekukurumidza kwechimiro chemembrane yemuti, kuwedzera kwekupinda kwemvura, uye pakupedzisira kufa kwemuti.
Hunhu hwayo hwekushanda nesimba, chepfu shoma, kusarudza zvakanyanya, kuchengetedzeka kwezvirimwa uye kukuvadza kuri nyore zvakakurudzira zvikuru kukura kwemishonga yekuuraya sora yakasarudzwa.
Chimwe chinhu chinowanikwa mumishonga yeAAP ndechekuti inoshanda zvakanyanya, iyo inoratidzwa nemaisomers akasiyana pasi pechimiro chimwe chete chemakemikari, uye maisomers akasiyana ane mabasa akasiyana ekuuraya mishonga. Pakati pawo, R(-)-isomer inogona kudzivirira zvinobudirira kushanda kwe enzyme yakatarwa, kuvharira kuumbwa kwe auxin ne gibberellin mumasora, uye kuratidza basa rakanaka rekuuraya mishonga, nepo S(+)-isomer isingashande zvakanyanya. Musiyano wekushanda pakati pezviviri izvi wakapetwa ka8-12.
Mishonga yesora yeCommercial APP inowanzo gadziriswa kuita maester, zvichiita kuti inyorwe zviri nyore nemasora; zvisinei, maester anowanzo nyorova zvishoma uye haanyungudike zvakanyanya, saka haasi nyore kunyungudutsa uye anonyungudika zviri nyore mumasora ari muvhu.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl mushonga wephenoxypropionate wakagadzirwa neciba-Geigy muna 1981. Zita rayo rekutengeserana ndiTopic uye zita rayo remakemikari ndi (R)-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro). -2-Pyridyloxy)propargyl propionate.
Propargyl mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene une fluorine, unoshanda nemaziso (optically active aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide). Unoshandiswa pakurapa mashizha nematsinde mushure mekumera kwezvirimwa kudzora masora ane gramine mugorosi, rye, triticale nedzimwe nzvimbo dzezviyo, kunyanya kune wheatgrass newheatgrass. Unoshanda zvakanaka pakurapa masora akaomarara akadai se wild oats. Unoshandiswa pakurapa mashizha nematsinde mushure mekumera kwezvirimwa kudzora masora euswa egore negore, akadai se wild oats, black oat grass, foxtail grass, field grass, uye wheatgrass. Chiyero chacho i30~60g/hm2. Nzira chaiyo yekushandisa ndeiyi: kubva padanho remashizha maviri egorosi kusvika padanho rekubatanidza, isa mushonga wezvipembenene pamasora padanho remashizha maviri kusvika masere. Munguva yechando, shandisa magiramu makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu eMaiji (15% clofenacetate wettable powder) paeka. 30-40g ye extremely (15% clodinafop-propargyl wettable powder), wedzera 15-30kg yemvura wopfapfaidza zvakaenzana.
Maitiro ekushanda uye hunhu hweclodinafop-propargyl imishonga inodzivirira carboxylase acetyl-CoA uye mishonga yekuuraya sora inokonzeresa hutachiona. Mushonga uyu unonyudzwa kuburikidza nemashizha nemashizha emuti, uchipfuudzwa kuburikidza nephloem, uye unounganidzwa mumeristem yemuti, zvichidzivisa acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor. Coenzyme A carboxylase inomisa kugadzirwa kwemafuta acid, inodzivirira kukura nekupatsanurwa kwemasero kwakajairika, uye inoparadza zvivakwa zvine lipid zvakaita se membrane systems, zvichizopedzisira zvaita kuti mbeu dzife. Nguva kubva paclodinafop-propargyl kusvika pakufa kwemasora inononoka, kazhinji inotora vhiki imwe kusvika nhatu.
Mafomu makuru e clodinafop-propargyl i 8%, 15%, 20%, uye 30% emulsions yemvura, 15% uye 24% microemulsions, 15% uye 20% wettable powders, uye 8% uye 14% dispersible oil suspensions. 24% cream.
Kugadzira
(R)-2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)propionic acid inotanga kugadzirwa nekuita kweα-chloropropionic acid nehydroquinone, yozobva yapiswa nekuwedzera 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine isina kupatsanurwa. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inopindirana nechloropropyne kuti iwane clodinafop-propargyl. Mushure mekugadzika, huwandu hwechigadzirwa hunosvika 97% kusvika 98%, uye goho rese rinosvika 85%.
Mamiriro ekutumira kunze kwenyika
Ruzivo rwezvemitero runoratidza kuti muna 2019, nyika yangu yakatumira kunze kwenyika mari inosvika mamiriyoni makumi matatu nemashanu nemakumi manomwe nenomwe emadhora ekuAmerica (nhamba dzisina kukwana, kusanganisira kugadzirira nemishonga). Pakati padzo, nyika yekutanga kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika iKazakhstan, iyo inonyanya kupinza zvinhu zvekugadzirira, ine mamiriyoni masere nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica, ichiteverwa neRussia, ine mishonga nezvigadzirwa. Pane kudiwa kwemishonga nezvinhu zvekugadzira, nehuwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni matatu nemakumi mana nemasere nerimwe chete. Nzvimbo yechitatu iNetherlands, ine huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica mamiriyoni matatu nemakumi mashanu nemasere nemaviri. Pamusoro pezvo, Canada, India, Israel, Sudan nedzimwe nyika ndidzo nzvimbo huru dzekutengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika dzeclodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene wakagadziriswa uye wakagadzirwa neDow AgroSciences muUnited States muna 1987. Ndiwo chete mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene we aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid wakachengeteka zvikuru kumupunga. Muna 1998, Dow AgroSciences yekuUnited States ndiyo yakatanga kunyoresa cyhalofop technical munyika yangu. Patent iyi yakapera muna 2006, uye kunyoreswa kwemishonga yemumba kwakatanga rimwe nerimwe. Muna 2007, kambani yemumba (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) yakanyoresa kekutanga.
Zita rekutengeserana raDow ndiClincher, uye zita rayo remakemikari ndi (R)-2-[4-(4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]butylpropionate.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Dow AgroSciences' Qianjin (chinhu chinoshanda: 10% cyhalomefen EC) uye Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), izvo zvave kufarirwa mumusika weChina, zvinoshanda zvikuru uye zvakachengeteka. Inowanikwa mumusika mukuru wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yemupunga munyika yangu.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, yakafanana nemimwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inonzi aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid, inodzivirira kugadzirwa kwemafuta uye inodzivisa acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase). Inonyanya kunyudzwa kuburikidza nemashizha uye haina basa revhu. Cyhalofop-ethyl inoshanda mumuviri uye inokurumidza kunyudzwa kuburikidza nematishu emiti. Mushure mekurapwa nemakemikari, sora reuswa rinomira kukura nekukasika, yero rinobuda mukati memazuva maviri kusvika manomwe, uye chirimwa chose chinopera simba uye chinofa mukati memavhiki maviri kusvika matatu.
Cyhalofop inoiswa mushure mekumera kwemiti kuti irwise sora remupunga. Chiyero chemupunga wemunzvimbo dzinopisa i75-100g/hm2, uye chiyero chemupunga wemunzvimbo dzinodziya i180-310g/hm2. Inoshanda zvikuru pakurwisa Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Small chaff grass, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-leaf millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, nezvimwewo.
Semuenzaniso, shandisa cyhalofop-ethyl EC 15%. Padanho remashizha 1.5-2.5 rebarnyardgrass muminda yemupunga uye padanho remashizha 2-3 restephanotis muminda yemupunga yakadyarwa zvakananga, madzinde nemashizha zvinopfapfaidzwa uye zvinopfapfaidzwa zvakaenzana nemhute. Dururira mvura usati waisa mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene kuitira kuti anopfuura 2/3 emadzinde nemashizha emasora zvipinde mumvura. Diridza mukati memaawa 24 kusvika maawa 72 mushure mekushandisa mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene, uye chengetedza 3-5 cm yemvura kwemazuva 5-7. Usashandise kanopfuura kamwe chete pamwaka wega wega wekurima mupunga. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mushonga uyu une chepfu yakawanda kuzvipembenene zvemumvura, saka dzivisa kuyerera munzvimbo dzekurimwa kwemvura. Kana ukasanganiswa nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine mashizha akafara, unogona kuratidza mhedzisiro inopikisa, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekushanda kwecyhalofop.
Mhando huru dzemuyero wayo ndeidzi: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable powder (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), cyhalofop oil suspension (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl dispersible oil suspension (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%); zvinhu zvinosanganisa zvinosanganisira oxafop-propyl uye penoxsufen Compound yeamine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, nezvimwewo.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-24-2024