Tichitora 2014 semuenzaniso, kutengeswa kwemishonga yesora pasi rose yaive US$1.217 bhiriyoni, ichiita 4.6% yeUS$26.440 bhiriyoni yemusika wepasi rose wemishonga yesora uye 1.9% yeUS$63.212 bhiriyoni yemusika wepasi rose wemishonga yezvipembenene.Kunyange zvazvo isina kunaka semishonga yesora yakaita seamino acids uye sulfonylureas, inewo nzvimbo mumusika wemishonga yesora (iri pachinhanho chechitanhatu mukutengeswa kwepasi rose).
Mishonga yesora inonzi Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) inonyanya kushandiswa kurwisa sora.Yakawanikwa kuma1960 apo Hoechst (Germany) akatsiva boka re phenyl muchimiro che 2,4-D ne diphenyl ether ndokugadzira chizvarwa chekutanga chearyloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides."Grass Ling".Muna 1971, zvakaonekwa kuti chimiro chemhete chemubereki chine A neB. Mishonga yesora yakazotevera yerudzi urwu yakagadziridzwa zvichibva pairi, kushandura A benzene ring kune rimwe divi kuita heterocyclic kana fused ring, uye kuunza mapoka anoshanda seF. maatomu mumhete, zvichikonzera nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zvine chiitiko chepamusoro., mishonga yesora inosarudza.
APP herbicide chimiro
Nhoroondo yekuvandudza yepropionic acid herbicides
Nzira yekuita
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides inonyanya kushanda inhibitors yeacetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), nokudaro ichitadzisa kuumbwa kwemafuta acids, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kweoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, uye waxy layers uye cuticle process inovharika, zvichikonzera kukurumidza kuvharika. kuparadzwa kwechirimwa membrane chimiro, kuwedzera permeability, uye pakupedzisira kufa kwechirimwa.
Hunhu hwayo hwepamusoro-soro, huturu hwakaderera, kusarudzwa kwepamusoro, kuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa uye kuparara kuri nyore kwakakurudzira zvikuru kugadzirwa kwemishonga inouraya sora.
Chimwe chinhu cheAAP mishonga yesora ndechekuti inoshanda nemaziso, iyo inoratidzwa neasomeri akasiyana pasi pechimiro chemakemikari akafanana, uye ma isomers akasiyana ane mabasa akasiyana emushonga.Pakati pavo, iyo R (-) -isomeri inogona kunyatso kuvharidzira basa reiyo enzyme inotangwa, ichivharira kuumbwa kweauxin uye gibberellin mumasora, uye kuratidza yakanaka herbicidal chiitiko, nepo S (+) -isomeri isingashande.Kusiyana kwekushanda pakati pezviviri ndeye 8-12 nguva.
Commercial APP herbicides inowanzogadziriswa kuita esters, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kutorwa nemasora;zvisinei, esters kazhinji ane zvishoma solubility uye simba adsorption, saka havasi nyore leach uye zviri nyore kupinda masora.muvhu.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl is a phenoxypropionate herbicide yakagadzirwa ne ciba-Geigy muna 1981. Zita rekutengesa ndiro Musoro uye zita remakemikari ndiro (R) -2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro).-2-Pyridyloxy)propargyl propionate.
Propargyl ndeye fluorine-ine, optically active aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide.Inoshandiswa kurapa-post-emergence stem uye mashizha kurapwa kudzora gramineous sora mugorosi, rye, triticale nemimwe minda yezviyo, kunyanya kune wheatgrass uye wheatgrass.Kugona kudzora masora akaoma semusango.Inoshandiswa kurapa dzinde nemashizha mushure mekumera kudzora sora reuswa hwepagore, semapfunde emusango, uswa dema, uswa hwemuswe, huswa hwemumunda, uye wheatgrass.Chiyero chacho chiri 30 ~ 60g/hm2.Nzira yekushandiswa chaiyo ndeiyi: kubva pachikamu chemashizha maviri egorosi kusvika pachikamu chekubatana, isa mushonga wezvipembenene kumasora padanho remashizha 2-8.Munguva yechando, shandisa 20-30 gramu yeMaiji (15% clofenacetate wettable powder) paeka.30-40g yehupfu hwakanyanya (15% clodinafop-propargyl wettable powder), wedzera 15-30kg yemvura womwaya zvakaenzana.
Maitiro ekuita uye maitiro eclodinafop-propargyl ndeye acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors uye systemic conductive herbicides.Mushonga wacho unotorwa kuburikidza nemashizha uye mashizha emashizha emiti, inoitiswa kuburikidza nephloem, uye inounganidzwa mune meristem yechirimwa, inhibiting acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor.Coenzyme A carboxylase inomisa fatty acid synthesis, inodzivirira yakajairika sero kukura uye kupatsanura, uye inoparadza lipid-ine zvimiro zvakaita semembrane system, inozopedzisira yakonzera kufa kwechirimwa.Nguva kubva pa clodinafop-propargyl kusvika pakufa kwesora ishoma, kazhinji ichitora vhiki imwe kusvika ku3.
Magadzirirwo makuru eclodinafop-propargyl i8%, 15%, 20%, uye 30% aqueous emulsions, 15% uye 24% microemulsions, 15% uye 20% wettable poda, uye 8% uye 14% mafuta anoraswa akamiswa.24% cream.
Synthesis
(R) -2- (p-hydroxyphenoxy) propionic acid inotanga kubudiswa nekuita kwe-α-chloropropionic acid uye hydroquinone, uyezve etherified nekuwedzera 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine pasina kupatsanurwa.Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, inopindirana nechloropropyne kuwana clodinafop-propargyl.Mushure mekristalllization, zvigadzirwa zvemukati zvinosvika 97% kusvika 98%, uye goho rose rinosvika 85%.
Export mamiriro
Data yeCustoms inoratidza kuti muna 2019, nyika yangu yakatengesa kunze kwenyika inokwana 35.77 miriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica (nhamba dzisina kukwana, kusanganisira gadziriro nemishonga yehunyanzvi).Pakati pavo, nyika yekutanga yekuunza kunze kwenyika iKazakhstan, iyo inopinza kunyanya gadziriro, ine mari inosvika 8.6515 miriyoni US dollars, ichiteverwa neRussia, nekugadzirira Pane kudiwa kwezvose zviri zviviri mishonga uye zvigadzirwa, ine vhoriyamu yekuunza yeUS $ 3.6481 miriyoni.Nzvimbo yechitatu iNetherlands, ine mari yekunze inosvika US$3.582 miriyoni.Pamusoro pezvo, Canada, India, Israel, Sudan nedzimwe nyika zvakare ndidzo nzvimbo huru dzekutengesa kunze kweclodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl mushonga wakanangana nemupunga wakagadzirwa uye wakagadzirwa neDow AgroSciences kuUnited States muna 1987. Ndiwo chete mushonga wesora we aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid wakachengeteka zvakanyanya kumupunga.Muna 1998, Dow AgroScience yekuUnited States ndiyo yaive yekutanga kunyoresa cyhalofop tekinoroji munyika yangu.Patent yakapera muna 2006, uye kunyoreswa kwemumba kwakatanga imwe mushure meimwe.Muna 2007, bhizinesi repamba (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) rakanyoreswa kekutanga.
Zita rekutengeserana raDow ndiClincher, uye zita remakemikari ndiro (R) -2- [4- (4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy] butylpropionate.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (inoshandiswa chisanganiswa: 10% cyhalomefen EC) uye Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), iyo yave nemukurumbira mumusika weChina, inoshanda zvakanyanya uye yakachengeteka.Inogara pamusika mukuru wemishonga yemupunga munyika yangu.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, yakafanana nedzimwe aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides, iine fatty acid synthesis inhibitor uye inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).Inonyanya kutorwa kuburikidza nemashizha uye haina basa revhu.Cyhalofop-ethyl is systemic uye inokurumidza kutorwa kuburikidza nemuti wemiti.Mushure mekurapa kwemakemikari, uswa huswa hunomira kukura pakarepo, yellowing inoitika mukati memazuva maviri kusvika ku7, uye muti wose unova necrotic uye unofa mukati memavhiki maviri kusvika matatu.
Cyhalofop inoshandiswa post-emergent kudzora gramineous sora muminda yemupunga.Chiyero chemupunga wekupisa i75-100g/hm2, uye mupimo wemupunga wakadzikama 180-310g/hm2.Inoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, Huswa hudiki, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, Heart-leaf millet, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, nezvimwe.
Tora kushandiswa kwe15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC semuenzaniso.Pamashizha e1.5-2.5 emashizha emupunga muminda yembesa nemupunga uye 2-3 mashizha e stephanotis muminda yakananga-mbeu yemupunga, madzinde nemashizha zvinopfapfaidzwa nekupfapfaidzwa zvakafanana nemhute yakanaka.Bvisa mvura usati waisa mushonga kuitira kuti zvinopfuura 2/3 zvemasora madzinde nemashizha zvionekwe mumvura.Diridza mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika kumaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri mushure mekushandiswa kwemushonga wezvipembenene, uye chengetedza 3-5 cm yemvura layer kwemazuva mashanu-7.Usashandise kanopfuura kamwe pamwaka wekurima mupunga.Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mushonga uyu une chepfu zvakanyanya kune emvura arthropods, saka dzivisa kuyerera munzvimbo dzeaquaculture.Kana yakasanganiswa nemimwe mishonga yesora, inogona kuratidza kupesana, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwekushanda kwecyhalofop.
Mafomu ayo makuru emushonga ndeaya: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable concentrate (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable powder (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15% , 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), cyhalofop oiri kuturika (10%, 20%, 30% , 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl anoparadzirwa mafuta kuturika (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);macompounding agents anosanganisira oxafop-propyl uye penoxsufen Compound yeamine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-24-2024