Hainan, sedunhu rekutanga muChina kuvhura musika wezvinhu zvekurima, dunhu rekutanga kushandisa hurongwa hwekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene, dunhu rekutanga kushandisa kunyora mazita ezvigadzirwa uye kunyora makodhi emishonga yezvipembenene, maitiro matsva ekuchinja kwemitemo yekutarisira mishonga yezvipembenene, yagara iri pfungwa yeindasitiri yenyika yezvinhu zvekurima, kunyanya marongerwo makuru emakambani emusika wemishonga yezvipembenene weHainan.
Musi wa25 Kurume, 2024, kuitira kuti pave nemutemo weMakwikwi Ekutengeserana Kwakanaka kweHainan Free Trade Port pamwe neMutemo weKutarisirwa kweMishonga Inouraya Zvipembenene muHainan Special Economic Zone, iyo yakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Gumiguru, 2023, Hurumende yeVanhu veHainan Province yakasarudza kubvisa Matanho eKutungamirirwa kweKushandiswa kweMishonga Inouraya Zvipembenene muHainan Special Economic Zone.
Izvi zvinorevawo kuti kutonga mishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan kuchatora danho guru mberi, musika uchasunungurwa zvakanyanya, uye mamiriro evanhu vasere (Gumiguru 1, 2023 isati yasvika, kune makambani masere ekutengesa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, makambani 1,638 ekutengesa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye makambani 298 emishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan Province) achaputswa zviri pamutemo. Yashanduka kuita maitiro matsva ekutonga, kuita huwandu hutsva: nzira dzehuwandu, mitengo yehuwandu, masevhisi ehuwandu.
"Mitemo mitsva" ya2023 yaiswa
Pamberi pekubviswa kweMatanho eKutungamirirwa kweKushandiswa kweMishonga yezvipembenene muzvitoro nezvitoro muHainan Special Economic Zone, Mitemo yeKutungamirirwa kweMishonga yezvipembenene muHainan Special Economic Zone (inozonzi "Zvikamu") yakaitwa musi wa1 Gumiguru, 2023.
"Hazvichasiyanisi pakati pemabasa ekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene muzvitoro nezvitoro, kuderedza mutengo wekushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene, uye saizvozvo hazvichasarudzi mabhizinesi ekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene nekutengesa, kuderedza mutengo wekutarisira mishonga yezvipembenene, uye kuisa hurongwa hwekutarisira hunoenderana nerezinesi renyika rekutarisira mishonga yezvipembenene…"
Izvi zvaunza mashoko akanaka munharaunda yese yekurima, saka gwaro iri rave richizivikanwa uye richirumbidzwa nevazhinji vevashandi vemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Nekuti izvi zvinoreva kuti kugona kwemusika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora (yuan) mumusika weHainan kuchasunungurwa, uye zvichaunza shanduko itsva yekuchinja kukuru nemikana.
"Zvikamu zvakati wandei" kubva mu2017 version ye60 zvakagadziriswa kusvika pa26, zvinotora chimiro chemutemo we "small incision, short fast spirit", zvinotevedzera zvine chekuita nematambudziko, zvekugadzira, kutakurwa, kuchengetwa, kutarisirwa uye kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mukuita matambudziko makuru, shanduko dzakanangwa.
Pakati pavo, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha ndechekumiswa kwehurongwa hwekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene.
Saka, ndezvipi zviri mukati uye zvinonyanya kukosha zve "mitemo mitsva" yave ichishandiswa kweinenge hafu yegore, tichaigadzirisa toiongorora zvakare, kuitira kuti vagadziri nevashandi vemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene vemuno mumusika wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene weHainan vave nekunzwisisa kwakajeka uye kuziva mitemo mitsva, kutungamira zviri nani nekugadzirisa marongerwo avo uye maitiro ebhizinesi, uye kushandisa mimwe mikana mitsva pasi pekuchinja kwenguva.
Sisitimu yekutengeserana kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakabviswa zviri pamutemo
"Zvikamu Zvinoverengeka" zvinoyera mitemo yemakwikwi akakodzera enzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzakasununguka, zvinoshandura hurongwa hwekutanga hwekutarisira mishonga yezvipembenene, zvinodzora maitiro ebhizinesi asiri pamutemo kubva kwaanobva, uye zvinovimbisa kuti vatambi vemusika wemishonga yezvipembenene vanobatanidzwa zvakaenzana mumakwikwi.
Chekutanga ndechekudzima hurongwa hwekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene nekutengesa, kusasiyanisa pakati pekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene nekutengesa, uye kuderedza mutengo wekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene. Saka, mabhizinesi ekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene nevatengesi vemishonga yezvipembenene havachazvipi mari yekutenga mishonga yezvipembenene, kuitira kuderedza mari yekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene.
Chechipiri ndechekuisa hurongwa hwekutarisira hwakabatana nerezinesi renyika rekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene, uye vashandi vane hunyanzvi hwekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene vanogona kunyorera zvakananga kumadhipatimendi ane hunyanzvi ekurima nekumaruwa ehurumende dzevanhu vemaguta, matunhu nenzvimbo dzinozvitonga uko mabasa avo ari kuwana marezinesi ebhizinesi remishonga yezvipembenene.
Kutaura zvazviri, kare muna 1997, Hainan Province ndiyo yaive yekutanga munyika kushandisa sisitimu yekupa marezenisi emishonga yezvipembenene uye kuvhura musika wemishonga yezvipembenene, uye muna 2005, "Mitemo Yakati wandei Yekutarisira Mishonga Yezvipembenene muHainan Special Economic Zone" yakabudiswa, iyo yakagadzirisa shanduko iyi nenzira yemitemo.
Muna Chikunguru 2010, Hainan Provincial People's Congress yakaburitsa "Mitemo Yakasiyana-siyana Yekutarisira Mishonga Inouraya Zvipembenene muHainan Special Economic Zone" ichangobva kugadziriswa, ichigadza hurongwa hwekutengesa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan Province. Muna Kubvumbi 2011, hurumende yeHainan Provincial yakaburitsa "Matanho Ekutungamira Marezenisi Ekutengesa Mishonga Inouraya Zvipembenene muHainan Province", iyo inotaura kuti panosvika 2013, pachava nemakambani maviri kana matatu chete ekutengesa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan province, rimwe nerimwe riine mari inodarika mamiriyoni zana eyuan; Dunhu iri rine nzvimbo gumi nemasere dzekugovera mishonga yemumaguta nematunhu; Kune makambani ekutengesa angangoita mazana maviri nemashanu, musimboti 1 mutaundi rega rega, ane mari inodarika mamiriyoni imwe chete eyuan, uye maguta nemadunhu anogona kugadzirisa zvakakodzera zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo ekukura kwekurima, marongerwo emapurazi ehurumende nemamiriro emigwagwa. Muna 2012, Hainan yakaburitsa marezenisi ekutanga ekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene, izvo zvinoratidza kufambira mberi kukuru mukuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekutarisira mishonga yezvipembenene muHainan, uye zvinoreva kuti vagadziri vanogona kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvemishonga yezvipembenene muHainan chete kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe nevatengesi vakawanda vanokokwa nehurumende kuti vape marezenisi.
"Zvikamu Zvinoverengeka" zvinogadzirisa mashandiro ekugadzirisa mishonga yezvipembenene, kudzima sisitimu yekutengeserana kwemishonga yezvipembenene, hazvichasiyanisi pakati pemabasa ekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene nekutengesa, kuderedza mutengo wekushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene, uye saizvozvo hazvichasarudzi nzira yemabhizinesi ekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene nevatengesi vekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene nekubhadhara, kuitira kuderedza mutengo wekutarisira mishonga yezvipembenene. Kushandiswa kwehurongwa hwenyika hwekutarisira marezenisi ebhizinesi remishonga yezvipembenene, vashandi vemishonga yezvipembenene vane hunyanzvi vanogona kunyorera zvakananga kuhurumende yeguta, dunhu, dunhu rinozvitonga rine mutoro wekurima uye vakuru vekumaruwa kuti vawane marezenisi ebhizinesi remishonga yezvipembenene.
Vashandi vehofisi yakakodzera yeHainan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs vakati: Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutemo wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan uchaenderana nemutemo wenyika, hapasisina musiyano pakati pekutengesa zvinhu zvakawanda nekutengesa, uye hapana chikonzero chekuisa mazita; Kubviswa kwehurongwa hwekutengesa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvakawanda zvinoreva kuti mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakasununguka kupinda muchitsuwa, chero bedzi zvigadzirwa zvichitevedzera mitemo uye maitiro acho achitevedzera mitemo, hapana chikonzero chekunyoresa nekubvumidza chitsuwa.
Musi wa25 Kurume, Hurumende yeVanhu veHainan Province yakasarudza kubvisa "Hainan Special Economic Zone Pesticide wholesale and retail business licensing Management Measures" (Qiongfu [2017] Nhamba 25), zvinoreva kuti mune ramangwana, mabhizinesi epasi rose anogona kushanda pamwe chete nemabhizinesi ari pachitsuwa ichi zvichienderana nemitemo, uye vagadziri vemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nevashandisi vachave nesarudzo yakakura.
Sekureva kwevanobva muindasitiri, mushure mekubviswa kwemutemo kwehurongwa hwekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene, pachava nemabhizinesi akawanda anopinda muHainan, mitengo yezvigadzirwa zvinoenderana ichaderedzwa, uye sarudzo dzakawanda dzichava dzakanaka kune varimi vemichero nemiriwo veHainan.
Mishonga yezvipembenene inovimbisa
Chikamu chechina cheMutemo chinoti hurumende dzevanhu dziri padanho redunhu kana kupfuura, zvichienderana nemutemo wakakodzera, dzinofanira kupa zvinokurudzira nerubatsiro kune avo vanoshandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakachengeteka uye inoshanda, kana kushandisa matekinoroji ezvebhayoloji, emuviri uye mamwe matekinoroji ekudzivirira nekudzora zvirwere nezvipembenene. Kurudzira vagadziri vemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nevashandisi, masangano ekutsvagisa kwesainzi yekurima, makoreji nemayunivhesiti ehunyanzvi, masangano ebasa rekudzivirira zvirwere nezvipembenene, masangano ehunyanzvi hwekurima nehunyanzvi pamwe nemamwe masangano ezvemagariro evanhu kuti vape kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi, nhungamiro uye masevhisi kune vanoshandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene iri kuvimbisa mumusika weHainan.
Parizvino, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvirimwa zvinotengeswa zvinomiririrwa nemichero nemiriwo, uye Hainan idunhu guru rine zvirimwa zvakawanda zvemichero nemiriwo muChina.
Sekureva kweStatistics Bulletin yeHainan Province's National Economic and Social Development muna 2023, kubva muna 2022, nzvimbo yekukohwa miriwo (kusanganisira manwiwa emuriwo) muHainan Province ichave mamiriyoni 4.017 mu, uye goho richave mamiriyoni 6.0543 matani; nzvimbo yekukohwa michero yaive mamiriyoni 3.2630 mu, uye goho raive mamiriyoni 5.6347 matani.
Mumakore achangopfuura, kukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene zvisingapindi mishonga, zvakaita sema thrips, ma aphid, zvipembenene zvema scale ne whitefly, kwave kuwedzera gore negore, uye mamiriro ekudzora akakomba. Pasi pekudzikisa kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kukura kwekurima kwezvakatipoteredza, Hainan yave ichishandisa pfungwa ye "kudzivirira nekudzivirira zvirimwa". Kuburikidza nekusanganiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nemishonga yemakemikari inoshanda zvakanyanya uye isina chepfu, Hainan yakabatanidza nzira dzekudzivirira nekudzivirira dzehunyanzvi hwezvirwere zvemuviri nedzekudzivirira zvipembenene, tekinoroji yekudzivirira zvipembenene inokonzerwa nemiti, tekinoroji yekudzivirira zvipembenene yebiopesticide uye tekinoroji yekudzivirira zvipembenene inoshanda zvakanyanya uye isina chepfu. Inogona kuwedzera nguva yekudzivirira nekudzivirira uye kuderedza kuwanda kwekushandiswa, kuitira kuti iwane chinangwa chekuderedza huwandu hwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yemakemikari uye kuvandudza mhando yezvirimwa.
Semuenzaniso, mukudzora zvipembenene zvinorwisa cowpea, dhipatimendi rezvipembenene reHainan rinokurudzira kuti varimi vashandise mvura yeMetaria anisopliae ka1000 pamwe ne5.7% Metaria munyu ka2000, pamusoro pezvipembenene uye kuwedzera ovicide, vakuru uye mazai panguva imwe chete, kuitira kuti vawedzere simba rekudzivirira uye kuchengetedza nguva yekushandiswa.
Zvinogona kufanotaurwa kuti mishonga yezvipembenene ine mikana yakakura yekusimudzirwa uye kushandiswa kwayo mumusika wemichero nemiriwo weHainan.
Kugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakarambidzwa kuchatariswa zvakanyanya
Nekuda kwematambudziko emudunhu, mitemo yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan yagara iri yakaoma kupfuura iri munyika huru. Musi wa4 Kurume, 2021, Dhipatimendi reKurima neMatunhu eHainan Provincial rakaburitsa "Rondedzero yeMishonga Inorambidzwa Kugadzirwa, Kutakurwa, Kuchengetwa, Kutengeswa uye Kushandiswa kweMishonga Inouraya zvipembenene muHainan Special Economic Zone" (yakagadziridzwa muna 2021). Chiziviso chakanyora mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inorambidzwa makumi manomwe nematatu, inomwe kupfuura runyorwa rwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inorambidzwa yakagadzirwa neBazi reKurima neMatunhu eMatunhu. Pakati pazvo, kutengeswa nekushandiswa kwefenvalerate, butyryl hydrazine (bijo), chlorpyrifos, triazophos, flufenamide zvakarambidzwa zvachose.
Chinyorwa chechitatu cheMutemo chinoti kugadzirwa, kutakurwa, kuchengetwa, kushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakanyanya uye zvine chepfu zvakanyanya hazvibvumidzwe muHainan Special Economic Zone. Kana zvichidikanwa kugadzira kana kushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakanyanya kana zvine chepfu zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvakakosha, mvumo inofanira kuwanikwa kubva kudhipatimendi rezvekurima nenyaya dzemaruwa rehurumende yevanhu vepurovhinzi; kana mvumo ichiwanikwa kubva kudhipatimendi rezvekurima nenyaya dzemaruwa reThe State Council zvichienderana nemutemo, zvinotevedzerwa. Dhipatimendi rezvekurima nenyaya dzemaruwa rehurumende yevanhu vepurovhinzi rinofanira kuzivisa veruzhinji uye kudhinda nekuparadzira katarogu yemhando dzemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye huwandu hwekushandiswa kwayo hunokurudzirwa, hwakarambidzwa uye hunorambidzwa neHurumende nenzvimbo dzehupfumi dzakakosha, uye hwoiisa panzvimbo dzekushanda kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye munzvimbo dzemahofisi eKomiti yevanhu vemumusha (vagari). Kureva kuti, muchikamu chino cherunyorwa rwekushandiswa kunorambidzwa, ichiri pasi peHainan Special Zone.
Hapana rusununguko rwakakwana, nzira yekutenga mishonga yezvipembenene online yakanaka
Kubviswa kwehurongwa hwekutengesa mishonga yezvipembenene zvinoreva kuti kutengeswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene pachitsuwa ichi kwakasununguka, asi rusununguko harusi rusununguko rwakakwana.
Chikamu 8 che "Zvikamu Zvinoverengeka" chinowedzera kuvandudza hurongwa hwekutarisira mishonga kuitira kuti ienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu matsva, mafomati matsva uye zvinodiwa zvitsva mumunda wekutenderera kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Chekutanga, kushandiswa kwebhuku remagetsi, vagadziri vemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nevashandisi vanofanira kugadzira bhuku remagetsi kuburikidza nepuratifomu yekutarisira ruzivo rwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, gwaro rakazara uye rechokwadi reruzivo rwekutenga nekutengesa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kwakabva uye kwainoenda mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, uye kujekesa kuti kutengeswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene online kunofanira kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvekutarisira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Chechitatu ndechekujekesa dhipatimendi rekuongorora rekushambadzira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, richiti kushambadza mishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunofanira kuongororwa nevakuru vezvekurima nevekumaruwa vekanzuru, dunhu nedunhu rinozvitonga vasati vaburitswa, uye hakuzoburitswi pasina kuongororwa.
Kutengeserana kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene paindaneti kwavhura maitiro matsva
Pamberi pekuburitswa kwe "Zvimwe Zvigadziro", zvigadzirwa zvese zvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvinopinda muHainan hazvifanirwe kunge zviri zvekutengeserana kwekutengesa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, uye kutengeserana kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene paindaneti hakufanirwe kutaurwa.
Zvisinei, Chikamu 10 che "Zvikamu Zvakati wandei" chinotaura kuti avo vanoita mabasa ebhizinesi remishonga yezvipembenene kuburikidza neInternet nedzimwe network dzeruzivo vanofanira kuwana marezenisi ebhizinesi remishonga yezvipembenene zvichienderana nemutemo, uye kuramba vachizivisa marezenisi avo ebhizinesi, marezenisi ebhizinesi remishonga yezvipembenene uye rumwe ruzivo rwechokwadi rwune chekuita nemabasa ebhizinesi munzvimbo inozivikanwa papeji rekutanga rewebhusaiti yavo kana peji guru remabasa avo ebhizinesi. Inofanira kugadziriswa nenguva.
Izvi zvinorevawo kuti e-commerce yezvipembenene, iyo yakanga yarambidzwa zvachose, yakavhura mamiriro ezvinhu uye inogona kupinda mumusika weHainan mushure meGumiguru 1, 2023. Zvisinei, zvinofanirawo kucherechedzwa kuti "Zvikamu Zvinoverengeka" zvinoda kuti mayuniti nevanhu vanotenga mishonga yezvipembenene kuburikidza neInternet vape ruzivo rwechokwadi uye runoshanda rwekutenga. Asi hazvina basa, nekuti parizvino, mativi ese ekutengeserana kwepuratifomu yakakodzera ye e-commerce ndeyekunyoresa kana kunyoresa nezita chairo.
Vatengesi vezvekurima vanofanira kuita basa rakanaka mukushandura tekinoroji
Mushure mekuitwa kwe "Zvimwe Zvikamu" musi wa1 Gumiguru, 2023, zvinoreva kuti musika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan watanga hurongwa hwekutarisira hwakabatana nerezinesi renyika remishonga inouraya zvipembenene, kureva musika wakabatana. Pamwe chete nekubviswa kwepamutemo kwe "Hainan Special Economic Zone Pesticide wholesale and retail business licensing Management Measures", zvinoreva kuti pasi pemusika mukuru wakabatana, mutengo wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan uchasarudzwa zvakanyanya nemusika.
Pasina mubvunzo, chinotevera, nekufambira mberi kweshanduko, kuchinjirwa kwemusika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muHainan kucharamba kuchikwira uye kuchidonha muhuwandu hwemukati: nzira dzehuwandu, mitengo yehuwandu, masevhisi ehuwandu.
Vari mukati meindasitiri vakati mushure mekunge maitiro e "monopoly" e "munhu wese" aputswa, huwandu hwevatengesi vemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nezvitoro zvekutengesa muHainan huchawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, manyuko ekutenga achawedzera kuwanda, uye mutengo wekutenga uchadzikira zvinoenderana; Huwandu hwezvigadzirwa uye zvirevo zvezvigadzirwa zvichawedzerawo zvakanyanya, uye nzvimbo yekusarudza yevatengesi vadiki nevepakati, vatengesi, nevarimi yekutenga mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ichawedzera, uye mutengo wemishonga yevarimi uchadzikira zvinoenderana. Makwikwi evamiririri anowedzera, anotarisana nekubviswa kana kugadziriswa; Nzira dzekutengesa zvekurima dzichava pfupi, vagadziri vanogona kusvika zvakananga kune terminal/varimi kupfuura mutengesi; Ehe, makwikwi emusika achawedzera kupisa, hondo yemitengo ichave yakanyanya. Kunyanya kune vagovanisi nevatengesi muHainan, makwikwi makuru anofanira kuchinja kubva kuzviwanikwa zvezvigadzirwa kuenda kunzira yebasa rehunyanzvi, kubva pakutengesa zvigadzirwa muchitoro kuenda kukutengesa tekinoroji nemasevhisi mumunda, uye inzira isingadzivisike kushanduka kuita mupi webasa rehunyanzvi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-22-2024