Zvekurima ndicho chinhu chakakosha pamisika yepasirese, uye masisitimu eecology anotarisana nematambudziko mazhinji. Kushandiswa pasi rose kwemafetereza emakemikari kuri kukura uye kunoita basa rakakosha mugoho rezvirimwa1. Nekudaro, zvirimwa zvinokura nenzira iyi hazvina nguva yakakwana yekukura nekuibva zvakanaka uye saka hazviwane hunhu hwechirimwa hwakanakisa2. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya muchetura makomisheni anogona kuungana mumuviri wemunhu nevhu3. Naizvozvo, pane kudikanwa kwekuvandudza zvakatipoteredza uye zvigadziriso zvinogadzirisa kuderedza kudiwa kwemafetereza emakemikari. Beneficial microorganisms inogona kuve yakakosha sosi ye biologically inoshanda zvakasikwa komisheni4.
Nharaunda dzeEndophytic mumashizha dzinosiyana zvichienderana nemhando yemiti yemiti kana genotype, nhanho yekukura kwechirimwa, uye morphology yezvirimwa. 13 Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzakataura kuti Azospirillum, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, uye Enterobacter vane mukana wekukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa. 14 Uyezve, Bacillus neAzospirillum ndiwo genera rakadzidzwa zvakanyanya rePGPB maererano nekuvandudza kukura kwezvirimwa uye goho. 15 Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kubatanidzwa kweAzospirillum brasiliensis neBradyrhizobium muma legume kunogona kusimudzira goho rechibage, gorosi, soyabhinzi, nebhinzi yeitsvo. 16, 17 Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti inoculation yeSalicornia neBacillus licheniformis nedzimwe PGPBs synergistically inosimudzira kukura kwemiti uye kutora kudya. 18 Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 uye Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 inovandudza kukura kwemidzi yebhanana rinotapira. Saizvozvo, mhodzi dzefennel dzinonetsa kukura nekuda kwekusakura zvakanaka kwezvinomera uye kumera kushoma, kunyanya pasi pekusanaya kwemvura20. Kurapa mbeu nePseudomonas fluorescens neTrichoderma harzianum kunovandudza kukurumidza kukura kwembeu dzefennel pasi pemamiriro ekusanaya kwemvura21. Kune stevia, zvidzidzo zvakaitwa kuongorora mhedzisiro ye mycorrhizal fungi uye kukura kwechirimwa kusimudzira rhizobacteria (PGPR) pakugona kwechipenyu kukura, kuunganidza yechipiri metabolites, uye kuratidza majini anobatanidzwa mu biosynthesis. Maererano naRahi et al.22, inoculation yemiti ine PGPR yakasiyana-siyana yakavandudza kukura kwavo, photosynthetic index, uye kuunganidza stevioside uye stevioside A. Kune rumwe rutivi, inoculation ye stevia nekukura kwemiti-inosimudzira rhizobia uye arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi yakakurudzira kukwirira kwemiti, stevio-3 yemiti, uye pioira-3. et al.24 yakashuma kuti endophytes inogumbura Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 uye H5A2 yakawedzera zvinyorwa zveSG, yakakurudzira trichome density mumashizha, uye yakakurudzira kuunganidzwa kwematabolites chaiwo mu trichomes, asi havana kukurudzira kukura kwemiti;
GA3 ndeimwe yakakosha uye biologically inoshanda gibberellin-senge mapuroteni31. Exogenous kurapwa kwe stevia neGA3 kunogona kuwedzera hunde kureba uye kutumbuka32. Nekune rumwe rutivi, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakataura kuti GA3 inducer inokurudzira zvirimwa kuti zvigadzire yechipiri metabolites senge antioxidants uye pigments, uye zvakare inzira yekudzivirira33.
Phylogenetic hukama hwezvitsaura zvine chekuita nemamwe marudzi emhando. Nhamba dzekuwedzera dzeGenBank dzinopihwa mumaparentheses.
Amylase, cellulase uye protease zviitiko zvinoratidzwa semabhandi akajeka akatenderedza makoroni, nepo chena inonaya yakatenderedza makoroni inoratidza lipase chiitiko. Sezvakaratidzwa muTable 2, B. paramycoides SrAM4 inogona kubudisa hydrolases yose, nepo B. paralicheniformis SrMA3 inogona kubudisa ma enzymes kunze kwe cellulase, uye B. licheniformis SrAM2 inobudisa cellulase chete.
Zvinoverengeka zvakakosha microbial genera zvakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera yechipiri metabolite synthesis mumishonga uye inonhuhwirira zvinomera74. Yese enzymatic uye isiri-enzymatic antioxidants yakawedzera zvakanyanya muS. rebaudiana Shou-2 zvichienzaniswa nekutonga. Mhedzisiro yakanaka yePGPB paTPC mumupunga yakataurwawo naChamam et al.75; Uyezve, zvigumisiro zvedu zvinopindirana nemigumisiro yeTPC, TFC, uye DPPH muS. rebaudiana, iyo yainzi yakasanganiswa chiito chePiriformospora indica uye Azotobacter chroococcum76. TPC neTFC77 dzaive dzakakwirira zvakanyanya muzvirimwa zvebasil zvakabatwa netwudiki zvichienzaniswa nezvinomera zvisina kurapwa. Uyezve, kuwedzera kwe antioxidants kunogona kuitika nezvikonzero zviviri: ma hydrolytic enzymes anokurudzira nzira dzekudzivirira chirimwa nenzira imwechete neiyo pathogenic microorganisms kudzamara chirimwa chachinja kune bhakitiriya colonization78. Chechipiri, PGPB inogona kuita semutangi wekuiswa kwebioactive compounds inoumbwa kuburikidza ne shikimate nzira mumiti yepamusoro uye microorganisms 79.
Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti pakanga paine hukama hwekubatana pakati penhamba yeshizha, gene expression uye SG kugadzirwa apo akawanda madhiri akaiswa co-inoculated. Kune rumwe rutivi, inoculation kaviri yakanga yakakwirira kune imwe chete inoculation maererano nekukura kwemiti uye kubudirira.
Hydrolytic enzymes akaonekwa mushure mekuiswa kwebhakitiriya paagar medium ine chiratidzo substrate uye incubation pa28 ° C kwemazuva 2-5. Mushure mekuputira mabhakitiriya pane starch agar medium, basa reamylase rakatemwa kushandisa iodine 100 mhinduro. Chiitiko che cellulase chakatemerwa kushandisa 0.2% aqueous Congo red reagent zvinoenderana nenzira yeKianngam et al. 101 . Chiitiko cheProtease chakacherechedzwa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakajeka dzakatenderedza makoroni akaiswa pamukaka weskim agar medium sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa naCui et al. 102 . Kune rimwe divi, lipase 100 yakaonekwa mushure meinoculation paTween agar medium.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-06-2025