Kiwifruit muti wemichero une dioecious unoda kusvinwa kwemichero kuti iwane michero inobva kumiti yechikadzi. Muchidzidzo ichi,mutariri wekukura kwezvirimwa2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) yakashandiswa pamuchero weChinese kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') kukurudzira michero, kuvandudza kunaka kwemichero uye kuwedzera goho. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwe2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) kunze kwenyika kwakabatsira parthenocarpy mumuchero weChinese kiwifruit uye kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwemichero. Pamazuva 140 mushure mekutumbuka, mwero wemichero yeparthenocarpic yakarungwa ne2,4-D wakasvika 16.95%. Maumbirwo emaruva echikadzi akarungwa ne2,4-D nemvura akanga akasiyana, uye kugona kwemupure hakuna kuonekwa. Pakukura, michero ye2,4-D yakanga yakarungwa yakanga iri diki zvishoma pane iri muboka rekutonga, uye ganda rayo, nyama yayo uye kusimba kwepakati kwaive kwakasiyana zvakanyanya neiri muboka rekutonga. Pakanga pasina musiyano wakakura pakati pemichero yakasanganiswa ne2,4-D nemichero yekutonga payakakura, asi huwandu hwakaoma hwemichero yakasanganiswa ne2,4-D hwakanga hwakaderera pane hwemichero yakasanganiswa nembeu.
Mumakore achangopfuura,vanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa (PGR)zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya kukurudzira parthenocarpy muzvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurima. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvakakwana pakushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura kwemiti kuti zvikonzere parthenocarpy mukiwi hazvina kuitwa. Mupepa rino, mhedzisiro yezvinodzora kukura kwemiti 2,4-D pa parthenocarpy mukiwi yemhando yeDunghong uye shanduko mukugadzirwa kwayo kwemakemikari zvakadzidzwa. Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa inopa hwaro hwesainzi hwekushandiswa zvine musoro kwezvinodzora kukura kwemiti kuti zvivandudze michero yekiwi uye mhando yemichero yese.
Kuedza uku kwakaitwa muNational Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank yeWuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences muna 2024. Miti mitatu yeActinidia chinensis 'Donghong' ine hutano, isina zvirwere, yakasarudzwa kuti ishandiswe pakuedza uku, uye maruva mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu anowanzo gadzirwa kubva pamuti wega wega akashandiswa sezvinhu zvekuyedza.
Parthenocarpy inobvumira michero kukura zvakanaka pasina kusvina, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kusvina. Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti parthenocarpy inobvumira michero kukura pasina kusvina nekutungidza, nokudaro ichivimbisa kugadzirwa kwakasimba mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka. Kugona kweparthenocarpy kuri mukukwanisa kwayo kuwedzera michero mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, nokudaro ichivandudza mhando yezvirimwa uye goho, kunyanya kana mabasa evanosvina michero ari mashoma kana kuti asipo. Zvinhu zvakaita sechiedza, photoperiod, tembiricha, uye hunyoro zvinogona kukanganisa 2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy mukiwifruit. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akavharwa kana ane mumvuri, shanduko mumamiriro echiedza dzinogona kusangana ne2,4-D kuchinja metabolism ye auxin endogenous, iyo inogona kuwedzera kana kudzivirira kukura kwemichero ye parthenocarpic zvichienderana nerudzi rwembeu. Pamusoro pezvo, kuchengetedza tembiricha yakagadzikana uye hunyoro munzvimbo yakadzorwa kunobatsira kuchengetedza mashandiro emahormone uye kugadzirisa michero [39]. Zvidzidzo zveramangwana zvakarongwa kuti zviongorore zvakanyanya kugadziriswa kwemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza (chiedza, tembiricha, uye hunyoro) mumasisitimu ekukura akadzorwa kuti kuwedzere 2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy ukuwo ichichengetedza mhando yemichero. Maitiro ekudzora nharaunda ye parthenocarpy achiri kuda kuferefetwa kwakawanda. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hushoma hwe2,4-D (5 ppm uye 10 ppm) hunogona kubudirira kukonzera parthenocarpy mumatomatisi uye kugadzira michero yemhando yepamusoro isina mbeu [37]. Michero yeParthenocarpic haina mbeu uye yemhando yepamusoro, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakodzera kune vatengi [38]. Sezvo kiwifruit yekuedza iri chirimwa chine dioecious, nzira dzechinyakare dzekuberekesa dzinoda kupindira nemaoko uye dzinoda basa rakawanda. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, chidzidzo ichi chakashandisa 2,4-D kukonzera parthenocarpy mu kiwifruit, izvo zvakadzivirira kufa kwemichero kunokonzerwa nemaruva echikadzi asina kuberekesa. Mhedzisiro yekuedza yakaratidza kuti michero yakarapwa ne 2,4-D yakakura zvakanaka, uye huwandu hwembeu hwaive hushoma pane hwemichero yakaberekesa, uye mhando yemichero yakavandudzikawo zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, kukonzera parthenocarpy kuburikidza nekurapwa kwemahormone kunogona kukunda matambudziko ekuberekesa uye kubereka michero isina mbeu, iyo yakakosha zvikuru pakurima kwekutengesa.
Muchidzidzo ichi, nzira dze2,4-D (2,4-D) pakukura kwemichero isina mbeu uye mhando yemhando yeChinese kiwifruit 'Donghong' dzakaongororwa zvakarongeka. Zvichibva pane zvidzidzo zvekare zvakaratidza kuti 2,4-D inogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwemichero isina mbeu mukiwifruit, chidzidzo ichi chaive nechinangwa chekujekesa mhedzisiro yekurapa kwekunze kwe2,4-D pakukura kwemichero uye kugadzirwa kwemhando yemichero. Zvakabuda zvakajekesa basa revanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa mukukura kwekiwifruit isina mbeu uye zvakagadzira nzira yekurapa ye2,4-D inopa hwaro hwakakosha hwemuviri hwekuvandudza mhando itsva dzekiwifruit dzisina mbeu. Chidzidzo ichi chine zvazvinobatsira pakuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kugarika kweindasitiri yekiwifruit.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kushanda kwekurapa kwe2,4-D mukukurudzira parthenocarpy murudzi rweChinese kiwifruit 'Donghong'. Hunhu hwekunze (kusanganisira huremu hwemichero nehukuru) uye hunhu hwemukati (senge shuga ne acid) panguva yekukura kwemichero zvakaongororwa. Kurapa ne 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwekunzwa kwemuchero nekuwedzera kutapira nekuderedza acidity. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chiyero cheshuga/acid chakawedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvakavandudza hunhu hwemichero yese. Zvisinei, misiyano yakakura yakawanikwa muhuremu hwemichero uye dry matter iri pakati pemichero ye2,4-D yakarapwa uye yakasvinwa. Chidzidzo ichi chinopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro peparthenocarpy uye kuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwemichero mukiwifruit. Kushandiswa kwakadaro kunogona kushanda seimwe nzira kune varimi vekiwifruit vachivavarira kubereka michero uye kuwana goho rakawanda pasina kushandisa mhando dzechirume (dzakasvinwa) uye kusvinwa kwekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-02-2025