Kiwifruit muti wemuchero dioecious unoda pollination yemuchero wakaiswa nezvirimwa zvechikadzi. Muchidzidzo ichi, thechirimwa kukura regulator2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) yakashandiswa paChinese kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemichero, kuvandudza kunaka kwezvibereko uye kuwedzera goho. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwekunze kwe2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) kwakakonzera parthenocarpy muChinese kiwifruit uye yakavandudza kunaka kwezvibereko. Pamazuva 140 mushure mokutumbuka, muchero wakaiswa chiyero chemichero yeparthenocarpic yakabatwa ne 2,4-D yakasvika 16.95%. Mamiriro emukume emaruva echikadzi akabatwa ne 2,4-D nemvura zvaive zvakasiyana, uye simba remukume harina kuonekwa. Pakukura, michero ye2,4-D-yakabatwa yakanga iri duku kudarika iyo iri muboka rekutonga, uye peel yavo, nyama uye kusimba kwepakati zvaive zvakasiyana zvikuru neavo vari muboka rekutonga. Ikoko kwakanga kusina misiyano inokosha muzvinyorwa zvakanyunguduka zvakasvibirira pakati pe2,4-D-yakagadziriswa michero uye michero yekudzora pakukura, asi iyo yakaoma yezvinyorwa zve 2,4-D-yakagadziriswa michero yakanga yakaderera pane iyo yemichero yakasvibiswa.
Mumakore achangopfuura,chirimwa kukura regulators (PGR)yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kukurudzira parthenocarpy muzvirimwa zvakasiyana zvehorticultural. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvakazara pamusoro pekushandiswa kwezvigadziridzo zvekukura kukurudzira parthenocarpy mu kiwi hazvina kuitwa. Mubepa rino, mhedzisiro yechirimwa chekukura regulator 2,4-D pane parthenocarpy mu kiwi yeDunghong siyana uye shanduko muhuwandu hwayo hwemakemikari kuumbwa kwakadzidzwa. Mhedzisiro yakawanikwa inopa hwaro hwesainzi hwekushandisa zvine musoro kwezvinomera zvinokura zvigadziriso kuvandudza kiwi michero seti uye yakazara michero mhando.
Kuedza kwakaitwa muNational Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank yeWuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences muna 2024. Miti mitatu ine utano, isina zvirwere, ine makore mashanu ekuberekwa yeActinidia chinensis 'Donghong' miti yakasarudzwa kuti iedze, uye mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu aiwanzogadzirwa maruva emuti wega wega akashandiswa sechinhu chekuedza.
Parthenocarpy inobvumira michero kukura zvakabudirira pasina kumeserwa, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha pasi pekukume-zvishoma mamiriro. Ichi chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti parthenocarpy inobvumira kugadzika kwemichero uye kukura pasina kumeserwa uye fetiraiza, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwakagadzikana pasi pemamiriro asina kunaka. Kugona kweparthenocarpy kuri mukukwanisa kwayo kuwedzera michero yakaiswa pasi pemamiriro ekunze akashata, nekudaro ichivandudza kunaka kwechirimwa uye goho, kunyanya kana masevhisi emukume ari mashoma kana kuti asipo. Zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvakadai sechiedza chakasimba, photoperiod, tembiricha, uye humidity zvinogona kukanganisa 2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy mu kiwifruit. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akavharwa kana ane shaded, shanduko mumamiriro echiedza anogona kupindirana ne2,4-D kushandura endogenous auxin metabolism, iyo inogona kuwedzera kana kuvharidzira kukura kwemuchero weparthenocarpic zvichienderana nechirimwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuchengetedza tembiricha yakagadzikana uye hunyoro munzvimbo inodzorwa kunobatsira kuchengetedza basa rehomoni uye kugadzirisa michero yakagadzika [39]. Zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvakarongwa kuenderera mberi nekuongorora optimization yemamiriro ekunze (chiedza, tembiricha, uye hunyoro) mumasisitimu anodzorwa ekukura kuti awedzere 2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy uchichengetedza mhando yemuchero. Iyo nzira yekudzora kwezvakatipoteredza yeparthenocarpy ichiri kuda kumwe kuongororwa. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuderera kwe2,4-D (5 ppm uye 10 ppm) kunogona kubudirira kukurudzira parthenocarpy mumatomatisi uye kubereka michero yepamusoro-soro isina mhodzi [37]. Parthenocarpic michero haina mhodzi uye yemhando yepamusoro, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune vatengi [38]. Sezvo iyo yekuedza kiwifruit chirimwa chiri dioecious, nzira dzechinyakare dzekukume dzinoda kupindira nemaoko uye dzinonyanya kushanda. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, chidzidzo ichi chakashandisa 2,4-D kuunza parthenocarpy mu kiwifruit, iyo yakanyatso kudzivirira kufa kwemichero kunokonzerwa nemaruva echikadzi asina kusvibiswa. Migumisiro yekuedza yakaratidza kuti michero yakabatwa ne 2,4-D yakabudirira kubudirira, uye nhamba yembeu yakanga yakanyanya kuderera pane iyo yemichero yakagadzirwa yakasvibiswa, uye chibereko chemichero chakavandudzwawo zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kupinza parthenocarpy kuburikidza nekurapwa kwehomoni kunogona kukunda matambudziko ekumesa uye kuburitsa michero isina mhodzi, iyo yakakosha pakurima kwekutengesa.
Muchidzidzo ichi, nzira dze2,4-D (2,4-D) pakukura kwemichero isina mhodzi uye kunaka kwechiChinese kiwifruit cultivar 'Donghong' dzakaongororwa zvine hungwaru. Kubva pane zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvinoratidza kuti 2,4-D inogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwemichero isina mhodzi mukiwifruit, chidzidzo ichi chine chinangwa chekujekesa mhedzisiro yekubuda kwe2,4-D kurapwa pakukura kwemichero uye kuumbwa kwemhando yemichero. Mhedzisiro yacho yakajekesa basa rezvigadziriso zvekukura kwechirimwa mukukura kwekiwi isina mhodzi uye yakamisa nzira yekurapa ye2,4-D inopa hwaro hwakakosha hwehupenyu hwekuvandudza mbeu itsva dzisina mhodzi kiwifruit. Ichi chidzidzo chine zvakakosha zvinoshanda zvekuvandudza kugona uye kusimba kweindasitiri yekiwifruit.
Ichi chidzidzo chakaratidza kushanda kwe2,4-D kurapwa mukuita parthenocarpy muChinese kiwifruit cultivar 'Donghong'. Hunhu hwekunze (kusanganisira huremu hwemichero nekukura) uye hunhu hwemukati (seshuga neasidhi yemukati) panguva yekukura kwemichero zvakaongororwa. Kurapa ne 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D kwakavandudza zvakanyanya kunaka kwekunzwa kwechibereko nekuwedzera kutapira uye kuderera kweasidhi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chiyero cheshuga / asidhi chakawedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvakavandudza huwandu hwese hwemichero. Zvakadaro, misiyano yakakosha yakawanikwa muhuremu hwemichero uye yakaoma zvinhu zviri pakati pe2,4-D-yakarapwa nemichero yakasvibiswa. Ichi chidzidzo chinopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve parthenocarpy uye kuvandudzwa kwemhando yemuchero mukiwifruit. Kushandisa kwakadai kunogona kushanda seimwe nzira yevarimi vekiwifruit vachivavarira kuburitsa michero uye kuwana goho repamusoro pasina kushandisa mhando dzevarume (dzakakumedzerwa) uye mukume wekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-02-2025