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Miti yemashizha anoyevedza ine chitarisiko chakanaka inokosheswa zvikuru. Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeyekushandisa zvinodzora kukura kwemiti sezvishandiso zvekutarisira kukura kwemiti. Chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa paSchefflera dwarf (chirimwa chemashizha chinoshongedza) chakarapwa nemafuta anopfapfaidzwa egibberellic acid nebenzyladine hormone mugreenhouse ine nzira yekudiridza mhute. Hormone iyi yakapfapfaidzwa pamashizha edwarf schefflera pahuwandu hwe0, 100 uye 200 mg/l muzvikamu zvitatu mazuva gumi nemashanu ega ega. Kuedza uku kwakaitwa nenzira yefactorial mukugadzirwa kwakasarudzika zvachose nekudzokorora mana. Kusanganiswa kwegibberellic acid nebenzyladine pahuwandu hwe200 mg/l kwakakanganisa huwandu hwemashizha, nzvimbo yemashizha uye kureba kwemiti. Kurapa uku kwakakonzerawo huwandu hwakawanda hwepigment yephotosynthetic. Pamusoro pezvo, chiyero chepamusoro chemakabhohaidhiretsi anonyungudika uye shuga shoma chakaonekwa ne100 ne200 mg/L benzyladine uye 200 mg/L gibberellin + benzyladine. Kuongorora kwekudzokorora kwakaratidza kuti huwandu hwemidzi ndiyo yekutanga kupinda mumuenzaniso, zvichitsanangura 44% yemusiyano. Chinotevera chaive chimiro chemidzi mitsva, nemuenzaniso webivariate uchitsanangura 63% yemusiyano muhuwandu hwemashizha. Mugumisiro wakanaka kwazvo pahuwandu hwemashizha wakaitwa nehuremu hwemidzi mitsva (0.43), iyo yakabatana zvakanaka nenhamba yemashizha (0.47). Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti gibberellic acid nebenzyladine pahuwandu hwe200 mg/l zvakavandudza zvakanyanya kukura kwechimiro, chlorophyll ne carotenoid synthesis yeLiriodendron tulipifera, uye zvakaderedza huwandu hweshuga nemakabhohaidhiretsi anonyungudika.
Schefflera arborescens (Hayata) Merr chirimwa chinoshongedza chirimwa chemhuri yeAraliaceae, chinobva kuChina neTaiwan1. Chirimwa ichi chinowanzo kurimwa sechirimwa chepamba, asi chirimwa chimwe chete ndicho chinogona kukura mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Mashizha acho ane mapepa anotangira pa5 kusvika ku16, rimwe nerimwe rine urefu hwe10-20 cm2. Dwarf Schefflera inotengeswa yakawanda gore rega rega, asi nzira dzemazuva ano dzekurima hadziwanzo shandiswa. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa sezvishandiso zvinobudirira zvekutarisira kukura uye kugadzirwa kwenguva refu kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima kunoda kutariswa zvakanyanya. Nhasi, kushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa kwawedzera zvakanyanya3,4,5. Gibberellic acid inodzora kukura kwezvirimwa inogona kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa6. Chimwe chezvinozivikanwa nezvayo kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa, kusanganisira kureba kwehunde nemidzi uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yemashizha7. Mhedzisiro yakakosha yegibberellins kuwedzera kwehunde nekuda kwekureba kwema internodes. Kupfapfaidza magibberellin pamashizha pamiti midiki isingakwanise kugadzira magibberellin kunoita kuti hunde irebe uye hurefu hwemiti huwedzere8. Kupfapfaidza magibberellic acid pamashizha pamashizha e500 mg/l kunogona kuwedzera hurefu, huwandu, upamhi uye urefu hwemashizha9. Magibberellin anonzi anokurudzira kukura kwemiti yakasiyana-siyana ine mashizha akafara10. Kureba kwehunde kwakaonekwa muScots pine (Pinussylvestris) newhite spruce (Piceaglauca) apo mashizha aipfapfaidzwa negibberellic acid11.
Imwe ongororo yakaongorora migumisiro yezvinogadzirisa kukura kwemiti yecytokinin pakugadzirwa kwebazi repadivi muLily officinalis. Kuedza kwakakombama kwakaitwa mumatsutso nemuchirimo kuti vadzidze mhedzisiro yemwaka. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kinetin, benzyladine uye 2-prenyladine hazvina kukanganisa kuumbwa kwemamwe matavi. Zvisinei, 500 ppm benzyladine zvakakonzera kuumbwa kwematavi e12.2 ne8.2 mukuyedza kwematsutso nemuchirimo, zvichiteerana, zvichienzaniswa nematavi e4.9 ne3.9 mumiti yekudzora. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kurapwa kwezhizha kunoshanda kupfuura emuchando12. Mune imwe ongororo, zvirimwa zvePeace Lily var. Tassone zvakarapwa ne0, 250 ne500 ppm benzyladine muhari dzine dhayamita ye10 cm. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kurapwa kwevhu kwakawedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwemashizha ekuwedzera zvichienzaniswa nezvirimwa zvekudzora nebenzyladine zvakarapwa. Mashizha matsva ekuwedzera akaonekwa mavhiki mana mushure mekurapwa, uye kugadzirwa kwemashizha kwakanyanya kwakaonekwa mavhiki masere mushure mekurapwa. Pamasvondo makumi maviri mushure mekurapwa, zvirimwa zvakarapwa ivhu zvakawedzera zvishoma pakureba pane zvirimwa zvakarapwa kare13. Zvakataurwa kuti benzyladine pahuwandu hwe20 mg/L inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kureba kwemiti uye huwandu hwemashizha muCroton 14. Mu calla lilies, benzyladine pahuwandu hwe500 ppm zvakaita kuti huwandu hwematavi huwedzere, nepo huwandu hwematavi hwaive hushoma muboka rekutonga15. Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuongorora kupfapfaidzwa kwegibberellic acid nebenzyladine pamashizha emiti kuti kunatsiridzwe kukura kweSchefflera dwarfa, chirimwa chemashizha chinoshongedza. Vatongi vekukura kwezvirimwa ava vanogona kubatsira varimi vemabhizimisi kuronga kugadzirwa kwakakodzera gore rese. Hapana zvidzidzo zvakaitwa kuti zvivandudze kukura kweLiriodendron tulipifera.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa mugreenhouse yekutsvagisa zvirimwa zvemukati yeIslamic Azad University muJiloft, Iran. Midzi midiki yeSchefflera yakadyarwa yakaenzana ine urefu hwe25±5 cm yakagadzirwa (yakapararira mwedzi mitanhatu isati yasvika kuyedza) uye yakadyarwa muhari. Hari yacho yakagadzirwa nepurasitiki, nhema, ine dhayamita ye20 cm uye kukwirira kwe30 cm16.
Muchidzidzo ichi, nzira yekudiridza yaisanganisira musanganiswa wepeat, humus, jecha rakagezwa uye husk yemupunga muchikamu che1:1:1:1 (nehuwandu)16. Isa jira rematombo pasi pehari kuti mvura ibude. Avhareji yekupisa kwemasikati nehusiku mugreenhouse mukupera kwechirimo nezhizha yaive 32±2°C uye 28±2°C, zvichiteerana. Hunyoro hunosvika >70%. Shandisa nzira yekudiridza. Paavhareji, zvirimwa zvinodirirwa ka12 pazuva. Mumatsutso nemuzhizha, nguva yekudiridza yega yega imaminitsi masere, uye nguva iri pakati pekudiridza iawa imwe chete. Zvirimwa zvakarimwa zvakafanana ka4, 2, 4, 6 uye 8 mavhiki mushure mekudyara, ne micronutrient solution (Ghoncheh Co., Iran) pahuwandu hwe3 ppm uye zvinodirirwa ne100 ml ye solution nguva imwe neimwe. Mushonga une nutrient une N 8 ppm, P 4 ppm, K 5 ppm uye trace elements Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Mo na B.
Kuwanda kwegibberellic acid katatu pamwe nebenzyladine inogadzirisa kukura kwemiti (yakatengwa kubva kuSigma) zvakagadzirwa pa0, 100 uye 200 mg/L uye zvakapfapfaidzwa pamabukira emiti muzvikamu zvitatu panguva yemazuva gumi nemashanu. Pakati pe20 (0.1%) (yakatengwa kubva kuSigma) yakashandiswa mumushonga wekuwedzera hupenyu hwayo uye mwero wekunyudzwa kwayo. Mangwanani-ngwanani, pfapfaidza mahormone pamabukira nemashizha eLiriodendron tulipifera uchishandisa sprayer. Zvirimwa zvinopfapfaidzwa nemvura yakasanganiswa.
Kureba kwemuti, dhayamita yedzinde, nzvimbo yemashizha, huwandu hwechlorophyll, huwandu hwema internodes, kureba kwematavi echipiri, huwandu hwematavi echipiri, huwandu hwemidzi, kureba kwemidzi, huremu hwemashizha, mudzi, dzinde uye zvinhu zvitsva zvakaoma, huwandu hwepigment ye photosynthetic (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b) Huwandu hwe chlorophyll, carotenoids, pigments), kuderedza shuga uye makabhohaidhiretsi anonyungudika zvakayerwa mukurapa kwakasiyana.
Huwandu hwe chlorophyll mumashizha madiki hwakayerwa mazuva zana nemakumi masere mushure mekupfapfaidza uchishandisa chlorophyll meter (Spad CL-01) kubva na9:30 kusvika na10am (nekuda kwekutsva kwemashizha). Pamusoro pezvo, nzvimbo yemashizha yakayerwa mazuva zana nemakumi masere mushure mekupfapfaidza. Yera mashizha matatu kubva kumusoro, pakati nepasi pehunde kubva muhari yega yega. Mashizha aya anobva ashandiswa sema templates papepa reA4 uye patani inobuda inochekwa. Huremu nenzvimbo yepamusoro yepepa rimwe reA4 zvakayerwawo. Zvadaro nzvimbo yemashizha akadhindwa inoverengerwa uchishandisa zviyero. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwemudzi hwakayerwa uchishandisa silinda yakagadzikwa. Huremu hwemashizha akaoma, huremu hwehunde yakaoma, huremu hwemidzi yakaoma, uye huremu hwese hwakaoma hwemuenzaniso wega wega zvakayerwa nekuomeswa kweovheni pa72°C kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.
Kuwanda kwechlorophyll ne carotenoids kwakayerwa nenzira yeLichtenthaler18. Kuti izvi zviitike, 0.1 g yemashizha matsva yakakuyiwa mu porcelain mortar ine 15 ml ye 80% acetone, uye mushure mekusefa, optical density yavo yakayerwa uchishandisa spectrophotometer pahurefu hwema wavelength e663.2, 646.8 uye 470 nm. Calibrate mudziyo uchishandisa 80% acetone. Verenga huwandu hwe photosynthetic pigments uchishandisa equation inotevera:
Pakati pazvo, Chl a, Chl b, Chl T naCar vanomiririra chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll uye carotenoids, zvichiteerana. Mhedzisiro yacho inowanikwa mu mg/ml yemiti.
Kuderedza shuga kwakayerwa uchishandisa nzira yeSomogy19. Kuti uite izvi, 0.02 g yemiti inogayiwa muhari yeporcelain ne10 ml yemvura yakacheneswa yodururwa mugirazi diki. Pisa girazi kusvika rafashaira wobva wasefa zviri mukati maro uchishandisa bepa rekusefa reWhatman No. 1 kuti uwane muchero wezvirimwa. Isa 2 ml yemuchero wega wega muchubhu yekuyedza wobva wawedzera 2 ml ye copper sulfate solution. Fukidza chubhu yekuyedza nedonje woipisa mumvura yekugezera pa100°C kwemaminitsi makumi maviri. Padanho iri, Cu2+ inoshandurwa kuita Cu2O nekuderedza aldehyde monosaccharides uye ruvara rwesalmon (ruvara rweterracotta) runoonekwa pasi pechubhu yekuyedza. Mushure mekunge chubhu yekuyedza yatonhorera, wedzera 2 ml yephosphomolybdic acid uye ruvara rwebhuruu ruchaonekwa. Zunza chubhu nesimba kusvika ruvara rwapararira zvakaenzana muchubhu yese. Verenga kunyudzwa kwemushonga pa600 nm uchishandisa spectrophotometer.
Verenga huwandu hweshuga hunoshandiswa pakuderedza uchishandisa standard curve. Huwandu hwemakabhohaidhiretsi anonyungudika hwakaongororwa nenzira yeFales20. Kuti uite izvi, 0.1 g yemasprouts yakasanganiswa ne2.5 ml ye80% ethanol pa90 °C kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu (matanho maviri emaminitsi makumi matatu rimwe nerimwe) kuti ibudise makabhohaidhiretsi anonyungudika. Chidimbu chacho chinozosefa uye doro rinopwanyika. Precipitate inozonyungudika mu2.5 ml yemvura yakanyungudika. Dururira 200 ml yemuenzaniso wega wega muchubhu yekuyedza uye wedzera 5 ml yeanthrone indicator. Musanganiswa wacho wakaiswa mubhavhu remvura pa90 °C kwemaminitsi gumi nemanomwe, uye mushure mekutonhorera, kunyungudika kwawo kwakaongororwa pa625 nm.
Kuedza uku kwaive kuyedza kwe factorial kwakavakirwa pakugadzira kwakasarudzika zvachose kune kudzokororwa kunana. Maitiro ePROC UNIVARIATE anoshandiswa kuongorora kujairika kwekugoverwa kwedata usati waongorora kusiyana. Kuongororwa kwestatistike kwakatanga nekuongorora kwestatistike kunotsanangura kuti unzwisise mhando yedata raw rakaunganidzwa. Kuverenga kwakagadzirirwa kurerutsa uye kudzvanya seti huru dzedata kuti zvive nyore kududzira. Kuongorora kwakaomarara kwakazoitwa. Bvunzo yaDuncan yakaitwa uchishandisa SPSS software (vhezheni 24; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) kuverenga mean squares uye example errors kuti uone mutsauko uripo pakati peseti dzedata. Bvunzo yaDuncan yakawanda (DMRT) yakashandiswa kuona mutsauko uripo pakati pemeans padanho rekukosha kwe (0.05 ≤ p). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) yakaverengerwa uchishandisa SPSS software (vhezheni 26; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) kuti iongorore hukama huripo pakati pemaparamita akasiyana. Pamusoro pezvo, linear regression analysis yakaitwa uchishandisa SPSS software (v.26) kufanotaura kukosha kwevariables yegore rekutanga zvichibva pavariables dzevariables yegore rechipiri. Kune rumwe rutivi, ongororo yekudzokorora kwematanho nematanho ine p < 0.01 yakaitwa kuti ione hunhu hunokanganisa zvakanyanya mashizha e dwarf schefflera. Kuongororwa kwenzira kwakaitwa kuti kuone mhedzisiro yakananga neisina kunanga yehunhu hwega hwega mumuenzaniso (zvichienderana nehunhu hunotsanangura zviri nani musiyano). Maverengero ese ari pamusoro apa (kurongeka kwekugoverwa kwedata, simple correlation coefficient, stepwise regression uye path analysis) zvakaitwa uchishandisa SPSS V.26 software.
Mienzaniso yemiti yakasarudzwa yaienderana nemirairo yakakodzera yemasangano, yenyika nedzepasi rose pamwe nemutemo wemuno weIran.
Tafura 1 inoratidza nhamba dzinotsanangura dzeavhareji, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, range, uye phenotypic coefficient of variation (CV) yehunhu hwakasiyana-siyana. Pakati penhamba idzi, CV inobvumira kuenzanisa hunhu nekuti haina chiyero. Kuderedza shuga (40.39%), root dry weight (37.32%), root fresh weight (37.30%), shuga kusvika kushuga (30.20%) uye root volume (30%) ndizvo zvepamusoro. uye chlorophyll content (9.88%). ) uye nzvimbo yemashizha zvine index yepamusoro (11.77%) uye zvine CV value yakaderera. Tafura 1 inoratidza kuti huremu hwese hwakanyorova hune chiyero chepamusoro. Zvisinei, hunhu uhwu hauna CV yepamusoro. Naizvozvo, zviyero zvisina chiyero zvakaita seCV zvinofanirwa kushandiswa kuenzanisa shanduko dzehunhu. CV yakakwira inoratidza musiyano mukuru pakati pekurapa hunhu uhwu. Mhedzisiro yekuedza uku yakaratidza musiyano mukuru pakati pekurapa kweshuga shoma muhuremu hwemidzi yakaoma, huremu hwemidzi mitsva, carbohydrate-to-sugar ratio, uye hunhu hwemidzi.
Mhedzisiro yekuongorora musiyano yakaratidza kuti, zvichienzaniswa nekudzora, kupfapfaidza mashizha ne gibberellic acid ne benzyladine kwakabatsira zvikuru pakureba kwemuti, huwandu hwemashizha, nzvimbo yemashizha, huwandu hwemidzi, kureba kwemidzi, index ye chlorophyll, huremu hutsva uye huremu hwakaoma.
Kuenzanisa kweavhareji kwakaratidza kuti zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvine mhedzisiro yakakura pakureba kwemiti uye huwandu hwemashizha. Mishonga inoshanda zvikuru yaive gibberellic acid ine huwandu hwe200 mg/l uye gibberellic acid + benzyladine ine huwandu hwe200 mg/l. Zvichienzaniswa nezvinodzorwa, kureba kwemiti nehuwandu hwemashizha kwakawedzera ne32.92 nguva uye 62.76 nguva, zvichiteerana (Tafura 2).
Nzvimbo yemashizha yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienzaniswa neyaidzorwa, nekuwedzera kukuru kwakaonekwa pa200 mg/l yegibberellic acid, kusvika 89.19 cm2. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti nzvimbo yemashizha yakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemagadzirirwo ekukura (Tafura 2).
Kurapa kwese kwakawedzera vhoriyamu yemidzi nehurefu zvichienzaniswa nezvinodzorwa. Musanganiswa wegibberellic acid + benzyladine wakabatsira zvikuru, uchiwedzera vhoriyamu nehurefu hwemidzi nehafu zvichienzaniswa nezvinodzorwa (Tafura 2).
Hukuru hwepamusoro hwedhayamita yemuti uye kureba kwe internode kwakaonekwa mukurapa kwe control uye gibberellic acid + benzyladine 200 mg/l, zvichiteerana.
Nhamba yechlorophyll yakawedzera mumhando dzese dzemishonga zvichienzaniswa neyaishandiswa pakudzora. Kukosha kwakanyanya kwechiratidzo ichi kwakaonekwa pakurapwa ne gibberellic acid + benzyladine 200 mg/l, iyo yaive yakakwira ne30.21% kupfuura yaishandiswa pakudzora (Tafura 2).
Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kurapwa kwacho kwakakonzera mutsauko mukuru muhuwandu hwepigment, kudzikira kweshuga uye makabhohaidhiretsi anonyungudika.
Kurapa ne gibberellic acid + benzyladine kwakaita kuti pave nehuwandu hwakawanda hwe photosynthetic pigments. Chiratidzo ichi chaive chakakwira zvakanyanya mumhando dzese kupfuura mune zvekuongorora.
Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti mishonga yese inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwe chlorophyll muSchefflera dwarf. Zvisinei, kukosha kwakanyanya kwehunhu uhwu kwakaonekwa mukurapa ne gibberellic acid + benzyladine, iyo yaive yakakwira ne36.95% kupfuura yemushonga wekudzivirira (Tafura 3).
Mhedzisiro ye chlorophyll b yakanga yakafanana zvachose nemhedzisiro ye chlorophyll a, musiyano chete waiva kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe chlorophyll b, iyo yaive yakakwira ne67.15% kupfuura yekudzora (Tafura 3).
Kurapa kwacho kwakaita kuti huwandu hwe chlorophyll huwedzere zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwe chlorophyll. Kurapa ne gibberellic acid 200 mg/l + benzyladinene 100 mg/l kwakaita kuti huwandu hwe chlorophyll huve hwakakwirira, hwakanga hwakakwira ne50% kupfuura huwandu hwe chlorophyll (Tafura 3). Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro, kudzora nekurapa ne benzyladine pa 100 mg/l kwakaita kuti huwandu hwe chlorophyll huve hwakakwirira. Liriodendron tulipifera ine calcium yakawanda (Tafura 3).
Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti pakurapwa ne gibberellic acid pahuwandu hwe200 mg/L, huwandu hwe chlorophyll hwakawedzera zvakanyanya kusvika ku chlorophyll b (Mufananidzo 1).
Mhedzisiro ye gibberellic acid ne benzyladine pa a/b Ch. Kuenzana kwe dwarf schefflera. (GA3: gibberellic acid ne BA: benzyladine). Mabhii akafanana mumufananidzo wega wega anoratidza kuti hapana musiyano wakakosha (P < 0.01).
Mhedzisiro yekurapa kwega kwega pahuremu hutsva uye hwakaoma hwehuni hwe dwarf schefflera yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura yehuremu hwekutonga. Gibberellic acid + benzyladineni pachiyero che 200 mg/l ndiyo yaive mushonga unoshanda zvakanyanya, ichiwedzera huremu hutsva ne 138.45% zvichienzaniswa nekutonga. Zvichienzaniswa nekutonga, mishonga yese kunze kwe 100 mg/L benzyladine yakawedzera zvakanyanya huremu hwemiti yakaoma, uye 200 mg/L gibberellic acid + benzyladine yakaguma nekukosha kwakanyanya kwehunhu uhwu (Tafura 4).
Mhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana zvakanyanya nedzemushonga wekutonga panyaya iyi, ukoshi hwepamusoro hwaive hwe100 ne200 mg/l benzyladine uye 200 mg/l gibberellic acid + benzyladine (Mufananidzo 2).
Simba re gibberellic acid ne benzyladine pachiyero chema carbohydrate anonyungudika uye kuderedza shuga mu dwarf schefflera. (GA3: gibberellic acid ne BA: benzyladine). Mabhii akafanana mumufananidzo wega wega anoratidza kuti hapana musiyano wakakosha (P < 0.01).
Kuongororwa kwematanho ekudzokorora kwakaitwa kuti paonekwe hunhu chaihwo uye kunzwisisa zviri nani hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nenhamba yemashizha muLiriodendron tulipifera. Hurumu yemidzi ndiyo yekutanga yakapinda mumuenzaniso, ichitsanangura 44% yemusiyano. Chinotevera chaive huremu hwemidzi mitsva, uye izvi zviviri zvakatsanangura 63% yemusiyano munhamba yemashizha (Tafura 5).
Kuongororwa kwenzira kwakaitwa kuti kutsanangure zviri nani kudzoreredzwa kwematanho (Tafura 6 neMufananidzo 3). Mhedzisiro huru pane huwandu hwemashizha yakabatana nemidzi mitsva (0.43), iyo yakabatana zvakanaka nenhamba yemashizha (0.47). Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hunhu uhwu hunokanganisa zvakananga goho, nepo mhedzisiro yahwo isina kunanga kuburikidza nehumwe hunhu isingakoshi, uye kuti hunhu uhwu hunogona kushandiswa senzira yekusarudza muzvirongwa zvekuberekesa shiri diki dze schefflera. Mhedzisiro yakananga yehuwandu hwemidzi yaive negative (−0.67). Kupesvedzera kwehunhu uhwu pahuwandu hwemashizha kwakananga, kupesvedzera kusina kunanga hakuna kukosha. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kana huwandu hwemidzi hwakakura, huwandu hwemashizha hudiki.
Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza shanduko dziri mumutsara wekudzoka kwehuwandu hwemidzi uye kuderedza shuga. Zvichienderana ne regression coefficient, shanduko yega yega muhurefu hwemidzi uye makabhohaidhiretsi anonyungudika zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwemidzi nekuderedza shuga zvinoshanduka ne 0.6019 uye 0.311 units.
Chiyero chePearson correlation coefficient chehunhu hwekukura chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hwemashizha nehurefu hwemiti (0.379*) hwaive nehukama hwakanaka uye kukosha kwakanyanya.
Mepu yekupisa inoratidza hukama huripo pakati pezvimiro mukukura kwehuwandu hwekubatana kwema coefficients. # Y Axis: 1-Index Ch., 2-Internode, 3-LAI, 4-N yemashizha, 5-Kureba kwemakumbo, 6-Upamhi hwema stem. # Pamwe ne X axis: A – H index, B – chinhambwe pakati pema nodes, C – LAI, D – N. yeshizha, E – kureba kwemakumbo, F – dhayamita yetsinde.
Chiyero chePearson correlation coefficient chehuremu hwakanyorova chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 6. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza hukama huripo pakati pehuremu hwemashizha hwakanyorova nehuremu hwakaoma huri pamusoro pevhu (0.834**), huremu hwakaoma hwese (0.913**) uye huremu hwakaoma hwemidzi (0.562*). . Huremu hwakaoma hwese hune hukama hwakanyanya uye hwakakosha nehukuru hwakaoma hwemashizha (0.790**) uye huremu hwakaoma hwemidzi (0.741**).
Mepu yekupisa inoratidza hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvitsva zvine chekuita nehuremu hutsva. # Y axis: 1 – huremu hwemashizha matsva, 2 – huremu hwemabukira matsva, 3 – huremu hwemidzi mitsva, 4 – huremu hwese hwemashizha matsva. # X-axis: A – huremu hwemashizha matsva, B – huremu hwemabukira matsva, CW – huremu hwemidzi mitsva, D – huremu hwese hutsva.
Makoendi ePearson ekubatanidza huremu hwakaoma anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 7. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti huremu hwemashizha akaoma, huremu hwemabukira (0.848**) uye huremu hwese hwakaoma (0.947**), huremu hwemabukira (0.854**) uye huremu hwese hwakaoma (0.781**) zvine mwero wepamusoro. positive correlation uye significant correlation.
Mepu yekupisa inoratidza hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvinochinja-chinja zvehuremu hwakaoma. # Y axis inomiririra: huremu hwakaoma hweshizha rimwe, huremu hwakaoma hwemabukira maviri, huremu hwakaoma hwemidzi mitatu, huremu hwakaoma hwe4. # X Axis: Huremu hwakaoma hweshizha A, huremu hwakaoma hwemabukira maviri, huremu hwakaoma hwemidzi CW, huremu hwakaoma hweD.
Kuenzana kwePearson kwehunhu hwepigment kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 8. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti chlorophyll a nechlorophyll b (0.716**), total chlorophyll (0.968**) uye total pigments (0.954**); chlorophyll b ne total chlorophyll (0.868**) uye total pigments (0.851**); total chlorophyll ine hukama hwakanaka uye hwakakosha ne total pigments (0.984**).
Mepu yekupisa yehukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvinochinja-chinja zve chlorophyll correlation coefficient. # Y axes: 1- Channel a, 2- Channel. b,3 – a/b ratio, 4 channels. Huwandu, 5-carotenoids, 6-yield pigments. # X-Axes: A-Ch. aB-Ch. b,C- a/b ratio, D-Ch. Huwandu hwese, E-carotenoids, F-yield yepigments.
Dwarf Schefflera ipurazi repamba rinozivikanwa pasi rese, uye kukura kwaro kuri kutariswa zvakanyanya mazuva ano. Kushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa kwakakonzera misiyano yakakura, nekurapa kwese kuchiwedzera kureba kwezvirimwa zvichienzaniswa nekudzora. Kunyangwe kureba kwezvirimwa kuchiwanzo dzorwa nemajini, tsvakiridzo inoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa kunogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza kureba kwezvirimwa. Kureba kwezvirimwa nehuwandu hwemashizha akarapwa negibberellic acid + benzyladine 200 mg/L zvaive zvepamusoro-soro, zvichisvika 109 cm uye 38.25, zvichiteerana. Zvichienderana nezvidzidzo zvekare (SalehiSardoei et al.52) naSpathiphyllum23, kuwedzera kwakafanana pakureba kwezvirimwa nekuda kwekurapwa negibberellic acid kwakaonekwa mumarigolds akacherwa muhari, albus alba21, daylilies22, daylilies, agarwood nepeace lilies.
Gibberellic acid (GA) inoita basa rakakosha mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emuviri wemiti. Inokurudzira kupatsanurwa kwemasero, kureba kwemasero, kureba kwetsinde uye kuwedzera kwehukuru24. GA inokonzera kupatsanurwa kwemasero uye kureba mumiti midiki uye meristems25. Kuchinja kwemashizha kunosanganisirawo kudzikira kwehunde, kukura kwemashizha kudiki, uye ruvara rwegirini rwakajeka26. Zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa zvinhu zvinodzivisa kana zvinokurudzira zvakaratidza kuti ma calcium ions anobva mukati anoshanda semutumwa wechipiri munzira yekuzivisa gibberellin mu sorghum corolla27. HA inowedzera kureba kwemiti nekukurudzira kugadzirwa kwema enzymes anokonzera kuzorora kwemadziro esero, akadai seXET kana XTH, expansins uye PME28. Izvi zvinoita kuti masero akure sezvo madziro esero achizorora uye mvura ichipinda musero29. Kushandiswa kweGA7, GA3 neGA4 kunogona kuwedzera kureba kwetsinde30,31. Gibberellic acid inokonzera kureba kwetsinde mumiti midiki, uye mumiti yerosette, GA inoderedza kukura kwemashizha uye kureba kwemukati menode32. Zvisinei, nguva yekubereka isati yasvika, hurefu hwehunde hunowedzera kusvika pa4-5 nguva yahwo yepakutanga. Maitiro eGA biosynthesis mumiti anotsanangurwa muMufananidzo 9.
Kugadzirwa kweGA muzvirimwa uye mazinga eGA inoshanda muzvirimwa, kuratidzwa kwezviratidzo zvezvirimwa (kurudyi) uye kugadzirwa kweGA (kuruboshwe). Miseve ine mavara akaenzana nechimiro cheHA chinoratidzwa munzira yekugadzira; miseve mitsvuku inoratidza kudzikira kwemazinga eGC nekuda kwenzvimbo iri munhengo dzezvirimwa, uye miseve mitema inoratidza kuwedzera kwemazinga eGC. Muzvirimwa zvakawanda, zvakaita semupunga newatermelon, huwandu hweGA hwakakwira pasi kana pachikamu chezasi cheshizha. Uyezve, mimwe mishumo inoratidza kuti huwandu hweGA hunoshanda hunoderedza sezvo mashizha achireba kubva pasi34. Mazinga chaiwo egibberellins muzviitiko izvi haazivikanwe.
Zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvinopesvedzerawo zvakanyanya huwandu nenzvimbo yemashizha. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera huwandu hwezvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa kwakaita kuti nzvimbo yemashizha iwedzere zvakanyanya. Benzyladine yakataurwa kuti inowedzera kugadzirwa kwemashizha ecalla15. Zvichienderana nezvakabuda muchidzidzo ichi, mishonga yese yakavandudza nzvimbo nenzvimbo yemashizha. Gibberellic acid + benzyladine ndiyo yaive mushonga unoshanda zvakanyanya uye yakakonzera huwandu nenzvimbo huru yemashizha. Pakukura dwarf schefflera mumba, panogona kuve nekuwedzera kunoonekwa kwenhamba yemashizha.
Kurapa kweGA3 kwakawedzera hurefu hwe internode zvichienzaniswa ne benzyladine (BA) kana kusawana hormone. Mhedzisiro iyi ine musoro tichifunga nezvebasa reGA mukusimudzira kukura7. Kukura kwe stem kwakaratidzawo mhedzisiro yakafanana. Gibberellic acid yakawedzera hurefu hwe stem asi yakaderedza dhayamita yayo. Zvisinei, kushandiswa pamwe chete kweBA neGA3 kwakawedzera hurefu hwe stem zvakanyanya. Kuwedzera uku kwaive kwakakwira zvichienzaniswa nemiti yakarapwa neBA kana isina hormone. Kunyangwe gibberellic acid ne cytokinins (CK) zvichiwanzo kurudzira kukura kwemiti, mune dzimwe nguva zvine mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pamaitiro akasiyana35. Semuenzaniso, kusangana kwakashata kwakaonekwa mukuwedzera kwehurefu hwe hypocotyl mumiti yakarapwa neGA neBA36. Kune rumwe rutivi, BA yakawedzera zvakanyanya root volume (Tafura 1). Kuwedzera kwe root volume nekuda kwe exogenous BA kwakaratidzwa mumiti yakawanda (semuenzaniso Dendrobium neOrchid species)37,38.
Kurapa kwese kwemahormone kwakawedzera huwandu hwemashizha matsva. Kuwedzera kwechisikigo kwenzvimbo yemashizha nehurefu hwehunde kuburikidza nekurapwa kwakabatana kunodiwa mukutengeserana. Huwandu hwemashizha matsva chiratidzo chakakosha chekukura kwezvirimwa. Kushandiswa kwemahormone ekunze hakuna kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kweLiriodendron tulipifera mukutengeserana. Zvisinei, mhedzisiro yeGA neCK inokurudzira kukura, inoshandiswa zvakaenzana, inogona kupa ruzivo rutsva mukuvandudza kurimwa kwechirimwa ichi. Zvinonyanya kukosha, mhedzisiro yekurapa kweBA + GA3 yaive yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeGA kana BA inopihwa yega. Gibberellic acid inowedzera huwandu hwemashizha matsva. Sezvo mashizha matsva achikura, kuwedzera huwandu hwemashizha matsva kunogona kudzikamisa kukura kwemashizha39. GA yakashumwa kuti inovandudza kutakurwa kwesucrose kubva kumasinki kuenda kunhengo dzinobva40,41. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kweGA kuzvirimwa zvinogara kwenguva refu kunogona kukurudzira kukura kwenhengo dzinomera dzakadai semashizha nemidzi, nokudaro kudzivirira kuchinja kwekukura kwezvirimwa kuenda kukura kwekubereka42.
Mhedzisiro yeGA pakuwedzera kwezvirimwa zvakaoma inogona kutsanangurwa nekuwedzera kwephotosynthesis nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yemashizha43. GA yakataurwa kuti inokonzera kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yemashizha eChibage34. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera huwandu hweBA kusvika 200 mg/L kunogona kuwedzera kureba nenhamba yematavi echipiri uye huwandu hwemidzi. Gibberellic acid inokanganisa maitiro emasero akadai sekukurudzira kupatsanurwa kwemasero nekureba, nokudaro zvichivandudza kukura kwezvirimwa43. Pamusoro pezvo, HA inowedzera madziro esero nekunyungudutsa starch kuita shuga, nokudaro ichideredza kugona kwemvura yesero, zvichiita kuti mvura ipinde musero uye pakupedzisira zvichitungamira mukureba kwemasero44.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-08-2024