Kubva payakawanikwa muDjibouti muna 2012, umhutu hweAsian Anopheles stephensi hwapararira muHorn of Africa yese. Humhutu uhwu huri kuramba huchipararira mukondinendi yese, zvichikonzera njodzi huru kuzvirongwa zvekudzivirira malaria. Nzira dzekudzivirira malaria, kusanganisira mambure emubhedha anorapwa zvipembenene uye kupfapfaidza mumba, zvakaderedza zvakanyanya mutoro wemalaria. Zvisinei, kuwanda kweumhutu husingaurayi zvipembenene, kusanganisira huwandu hweAnopheles stephensi, kuri kukanganisa kuedza kuri kuitwa kubvisa malaria. Kunzwisisa chimiro chehuwandu hwevanhu, kufamba kwemajini pakati pevanhu, uye kupararira kwekuchinja kwemishonga inodzivirira zvipembenene kwakakosha kutungamira nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira malaria.
Kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwedu kuti An. stephensi yakavamba sei muHOA kwakakosha pakufanotaura kupararira kwayo kunzvimbo itsva. Majini evanhu akashandiswa zvakanyanya kudzidza marudzi evector kuti awane ruzivo rwemaumbirwo evanhu, kusarudzwa kuri kuenderera mberi, uye kuyerera kwemajini18,19. Kuna An. stephensi, kudzidza maumbirwo evanhu uye maumbirwo emajini kunogona kubatsira kujekesa nzira yekupinda kwayo uye chero shanduko inochinjika ingave yakaitika kubva payakabuda. Pamusoro pekuyerera kwemajini, kusarudza kwakakosha zvikuru nekuti kunogona kuona maallele ane chekuita nekusagona kuuraya zvipembenene uye kujekesa kuti maallele aya ari kupararira sei kuburikidza nevanhu20.
Kusvika pari zvino, kuyedzwa kwezviratidzo zvekusagona kuuraya zvipembenene uye majini ehuwandu hwevanhu mumhando yeAnopheles stephensi kwakangogumira kumajini mashoma anodiwa. Kubuda kwemhando iyi muAfrica hakunzwisiswi zvizere, asi imwe fungidziro ndeyekuti yakaunzwa nevanhu kana zvipfuyo. Dzimwe dzidziso dzinosanganisira kufamba kure nemhepo. Zvipfuyo zvekuEthiopia zvakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi zvakaunganidzwa muAwash Sebat Kilo, taundi riri makiromita mazana maviri kumabvazuva kweAddis Ababa uye panzira huru yekufambisa kubva kuAddis Ababa kuenda kuDjibouti. Awash Sebat Kilo inzvimbo ine kutapurirana kwakanyanya kwemalaria uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hweAnopheles stephensi, iyo inonzi haidi zvipembenene, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakakosha yekudzidza majini ehuwandu hweAnopheles stephensi8.
Kuchinja kwemishonga inorwisa zvipembenene kdr L1014F kwakaonekwa panguva shoma muvanhu vekuEthiopia uye hakuna kuonekwa muIndian field samples. Kuchinja uku kwekdr kunoita kuti pave nekusagona kurwisa pyrethroids neDDT uye kwakamboonekwa muvanhu vekuAn. stephensi vakaunganidzwa muIndia muna 2016 neAfghanistan muna 2018.31,32 Pasinei neuchapupu hwekusagona kurwisa pyrethroid kwakapararira mumaguta ese ari maviri, kdr L1014F mutation haina kuonekwa muvanhu vekuMangalore neBangalore vakaongororwa pano. Chikamu chidiki chezvipembenene zvekuEthiopia zvakatakura iyi SNP zvaive heterozygous chinoratidza kuti kuchinja uku kwakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura muvanhu ava. Izvi zvinotsigirwa neongororo yapfuura muAwash iyo isina kuwana humbowo hwekuchinja kwekdr mumasampuli akaunganidzwa mugore risati rasvika idzo dzakaongororwa pano.18 Takamboona kuchinja kwekdr L1014F uku pafrequency yakaderera museti yemasampuli kubva munzvimbo imwechete/gore tichishandisa nzira yekuona amplicon.28 Tichifunga nezvekudzivirira kwephenotypic panzvimbo dzesampuli, frequency yakaderera yechiratidzo ichi chekudzivirira inoratidza kuti michina isiri iyo nzvimbo yakatarwa yekugadzirisa ndiyo inokonzeresa iyi phenotype inoonekwa.
Dambudziko rekudzidza uku nderekushaikwa kwedata re phenotypic pamusoro pemhinduro yezvipembenene. Dzimwe ongororo dzinosanganisa whole genome sequencing (WGS) kana targeted amplicon sequencing pamwe chete ne susceptibility bioassays dzinodiwa kuti dziongorore kukanganisa kwekuchinja uku pamhinduro yezvipembenene. Aya maSNP matsva asina kunaka anogona kunge aine chekuita neresistance anofanira kunangwa kuti aedze ma high-throughput molecular assays kuti atsigire kutarisa uye kuita kuti basa rishande zvakanaka kuti anzwisise uye asimbise nzira dzinogona kushandiswa dzine chekuita neresistance phenotypes.
Muchidimbu, chidzidzo ichi chinopa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemajini eAnopheles mosquito population mumakondinendi ese. Kushandiswa kwekuongorora kwese genome sequencing (WGS) kumapoka makuru esampuli munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo kuchava chinhu chakakosha pakunzwisisa kuyerera kwemajini uye kuona zviratidzo zveresistance resistance. Ruzivo urwu ruchabatsira vakuru vehutano veruzhinji kusarudza neruzivo mukuongorora vectors uye kushandisa zvipembenene.
Takashandisa nzira mbiri kuti tione kusiyana kwenhamba dzekopi mudata iri. Kutanga, takashandisa nzira yakavakirwa pakuvhara yakatarisana nema CYP gene clusters akaonekwa mu genome (Supplementary Table S5). Kufukidza kwemuenzaniso kwakaverengerwa munzvimbo dzakaunganidzwa uye kwakakamurwa kuita mapoka mana: Ethiopia, minda yeIndia, koloni dzeIndia, uye koloni dzePakistan. Kufukidza kweboka rega rega kwakaitwa zvakajairika uchishandisa kernel smoothing uye wozorongwa zvichienderana nekudzika kwepakati kwe genome yeboka iroro.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-23-2025