Kubva payakawanikwa kuDjibouti muna 2012, mosquito yeAsia Anopheles stephensi yapararira muNyanga yeAfrica. Chirwere ichi chinoparadza chiri kuramba chichipararira mukondinendi yose, zvichipa ngozi huru kuzvirongwa zvekudzivirira marariya. Nzira dzekudzivirira mavector, kusanganisira mambure ane mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye kumwaya zvisaririra mukati memba, zvakaderedza zvikuru mutoro wemalaria. Zvisinei, kuwanda kweumhutu husingaurayiwi nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, kusanganisira huwandu hweAnopheles stephensi, kuri kukanganisa nhamburiko dziri kuramba dzichiitwa dzokupedza marariya. Kunzwisisa chimiro chehuwandu hwevanhu, kuyerera kwemajini pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu, uye kugovera kwekuchinja kwezvipembenene kusachinja kwezvipembenene zvakakosha kutungamira nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira marariya.
Kuvandudza manzwisisiro edu ekuti An. stephensi yakave yakasimbiswa muHOA yakakosha kufanotaura kugona kwayo kupararira kunzvimbo itsva. Population genetics yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kudzidza vector marudzi kuti uwane nzwisiso muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu, kuenderera kusarudzwa, uye kuyerera kwemajini18,19. ZveAn. stephensi, kudzidza chimiro chehuwandu uye genome chimiro chinogona kubatsira kujekesa nzira yekupinda nayo uye chero shanduko inoshanduka inogona kunge yakaitika kubva payakabuda. Mukuwedzera kune kuyerera kwemajini, kusarudzwa kunonyanya kukosha nokuti inogona kuziva alleles inosanganiswa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye inojekesa kuti idzi alleles dziri kupararira sei kuburikidza nehuwandu hwevanhu20.
Kusvika pari zvino, kuyedzwa kwezvipembenene zvinodzivirira zvipembenene uye genetics yehuwandu mumhando inoparadza Anopheles stephensi yakaganhurirwa kune mashoma emajini. Kubuda kwerudzi urwu muAfrica hakunyatsonzwisiswi, asi imwe fungidziro ndeyekuti yakaunzwa nevanhu kana zvipfuyo. Dzimwe dzidziso dzinosanganisira kufamba daro refu nemhepo. MaEthiopia akasarudzika akashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi akaunganidzwa muAwash Sebat Kilo, dhorobha riri makiromita mazana maviri kumabvazuva kweAddis Ababa uye pamukoto mukuru wekutakura kubva kuAddis Ababa kuenda kuDjibouti. Awash Sebat Kilo inzvimbo ine utachiona hwemarariya yakawanda uye ine vanhu vakawanda veAnopheles stephensi, iyo inonzi haigoni kuurayiwa nemishonga yezvipembenene, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo inokosha pakuongorora mageneti evanhu veAnopheles stephensi8.
Iyo inouraya zvipembenene mutation kdr L1014F yakaonekwa panguva yakaderera muhuwandu hweEthiopiya uye haina kuwanikwa muIndia ndima samples. Iyi kdr mutation inopa kuramba pyrethroids uye DDT uye yakamboonekwa muAn. stephensi vanhu vakaunganidzwa muIndia muna 2016 uye Afghanistan muna 2018.31,32 Zvisinei nehumbowo hwekupararira kwepyrethroid kuramba mumaguta ese ari maviri, kdr L1014F shanduko haina kuwanikwa muMangalore neBangalore vanhu vakaongororwa pano. Iyo yakaderera chikamu cheEthiopian isolates yakatakura iyi SNP yaive heterozygous inoratidza kuti shanduko yakamuka munguva pfupi yapfuura muhuwandu uhu. Izvi zvinotsigirwa nechidzidzo chekare muAwash chakawana pasina uchapupu hwe kdr mutation mumasampuli akaunganidzwa mugore risati raongororwa pano.18 Isu takamboona iyi kdr L1014F mutation pa low frequency mune imwe seti yemasampuli kubva munharaunda imwechete / gore uchishandisa nzira yekuona amplicon.28 Zvichipa phenotypic resistance at the sampling targets at the sampling target site, the low frequency target site, the low frequency target site, the low frequency target site, the low frequency target site, the low frequency target site, the low frequency target site, the low frequency target site, the low frequency marking inokonzera iyi phenotype yakaonekwa.
Mhedziso yechidzidzo ichi kushaikwa kwephenotypic data pamhinduro yezvipembenene. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinobatanidza yese genome sequencing (WGS) kana yakanangwa amplicon sequencing musanganiswa ne susceptibility bioassays inodiwa kuongorora kukanganisa kwekuchinja uku pamhinduro yezvipembenene. Idzi novel missense SNPs dzinogona kunge dzakabatana nekupokana dzinofanirwa kunangwa kune yakakwira-kuburikidza ma molecular assays kutsigira kutarisa uye kufambisa basa rinoshanda kuti rinzwisise uye ribvumidze dzingangove nzira dzine chekuita nekurwisa phenotypes.
Muchidimbu, chidzidzo ichi chinopa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kweAnopheles mosquito genetics kumakondinendi. Kushandisa kwese genome sequencing (WGS) kuongororwa kune akakura cohorts emasampuli munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kuchave kiyi yekunzwisisa kuyerera kwemajini uye kuona mamaki ekuramba kwezvipembenene. Ruzivo urwu ruchagonesa vakuru vehutano hweveruzhinji kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mukuongorora mavheji uye kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene.
Isu takashandisa nzira mbiri kuona kusiyanisa nhamba dzekopi mune iyi dataset. Kutanga, takashandisa nzira yekuvhara-yakavakirwa iyo yakanangana neyakazivikanwa CYP gene masumbu mune genome (Supplementary Tafura S5). Sample coverage yakaverengerwa munzvimbo dzese dzekuunganidza uye yakakamurwa kuita mapoka mana: Ethiopia, minda yeIndia, maIndia makoroni, uye maPakistani makoloni. Kuvharirwa kweboka rega rega kwakagadziridzwa pachishandiswa kernel kutsetseka zvobva zvarongwa zvinoenderana nepakati genome kufukidzwa kudzika kweboka iroro.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-23-2025