ICI payakatanga paraquat pamusika muna 1962, hapana aimbofungidzira kuti paraquat yaizosangana nematambudziko akadaro mune ramangwana. Iyi mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene usingasarudze wakanyanya wakanyorwa pane runyorwa rwechipiri pakukura kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene pasi rose. Kuderera uku kwaimbonyadzisa, asi nemutengo weShuangcao wakaramba uripo gore rino uye ungangoramba uchikwira, uri kuomerwa mumusika wepasi rose, asi paraquat inodhura iri kuunza tariro.
Mushonga wekubata mushonga unorapwa zvakanaka usingasarudze
Paraquat mushonga webipyridine. Mushonga wesora imushonga wekubata usingasarudze wakagadzirwa neICI muma1950. Une hutachiona hwakakura, unoshanda nekukurumidza, haupindi mvura, uye hausarudze. Uye humwe hunhu hwakanaka.
Paraquat inogona kushandiswa kudzora sora risati radyarwa kana kuti risati rabuda muminda yemichero, chibage, nzimbe, soya nedzimwe zvirimwa. Inogona kushandiswa semushonga wekubvisa ganda panguva yekukohwa uye zvakare semushonga wekubvisa ganda.
Paraquat inouraya chloroplast membrane yemasora kunyanya nekubata zvikamu zvegirini zvemasora, zvichikanganisa kuumbwa kwechlorophyll mumasora, nokudaro zvichikanganisa photosynthesis yemasora, uye pakupedzisira zvinomisa kukura kwemasora nekukurumidza. Paraquat ine simba guru rekuparadza pamatishu egirini emiti yemonocot nedicot. Kazhinji, masora anogona kuchinja ruvara mukati memaawa maviri kusvika matatu mushure mekuiswa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu uye mamiriro ekunze kwenyika kweparaquat
Nekuda kwehuturu hweparaquat mumuviri wemunhu uye kukuvadza kunogona kuitika pahutano hwevanhu kana ikashandiswa zvisina kurongeka, paraquat yakarambidzwa nenyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu dzinosanganisira European Union, China, Thailand, Switzerland neBrazil.
Sekureva kwedata rakaburitswa ne360 Research Reports, kutengeswa kweparaquat pasi rose muna 2020 kwadzikira kusvika pamamiriyoni zana emadhora ekuAmerica. Sekureva kwemushumo weSyngenta pamusoro peparaquat wakaburitswa muna 2021, Syngenta parizvino inotengesa paraquat munyika makumi maviri nemasere. Kune makambani mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe nenomwe pasi rose akanyoresa ma paraquat anobudirira. Syngenta ndiyo inotengeswa paraquat pasi rose. Chikamu chimwe muzvina.
Muna 2018, China yakatumira kunze matani 64,000 eparaquat uye matani 56,000 muna 2019. Nzvimbo huru dzekutengesa paraquat dzeChina muna 2019 dzinosanganisira Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, United States, Mexico, Thailand, Australia, nezvimwewo.
Kunyangwe paraquat yakarambidzwa munyika dzinokosha dzinogadzira zvekurima dzakadai seEuropean Union, Brazil, neChina, uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hwakaderera zvishoma mumakore mashoma apfuura, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekuti mitengo yeglyphosate neglufosinate-ammonium inoramba yakakwira gore rino uye ingangoramba ichikwira, Paraquat, rudzi rusingachadiwi, ichaunza simba idzva.
Mitengo yakakwira yeShuangcao inokurudzira kudiwa kweparaquat pasi rose
Kare, apo mutengo weglyphosate waive 26,000 yuan/tani, paraquat waive 13,000 yuan/tani. Mutengo weglyphosate pari zvino uchiri 80,000 yuan/tani, uye mutengo weglufosinate uri pamusoro pe350,000 yuan. Kare, kudiwa kwepamusoro kweparaquat pasi rose kwaive matani angangoita 260,000 (zvichienderana ne42% yechigadzirwa chaicho), chinova matani angangoita 80,000. Musika weChina une matani angangoita 15,000, Brazil matani 10,000, Thailand matani 10,000, uye Indonesia, United States, neThailand, Nigeria, India nedzimwe nyika.
Nekurambidzwa kwemishonga yechivanhu yakaita seChina, Brazil, neThailand, maererano nedzidziso, nzvimbo yemusika inopfuura matani zviuru makumi matatu yasunungurwa. Zvisinei, gore rino, nekukwira nekukurumidza kwemitengo ye "Shuangcao" neDiquat, uye musika usina vanhu muUnited States Nekusununguka kwekushandiswa kwemuchina, kudiwa mumusika weUS kana North America kwakawedzera neanenge 20%, izvo zvakakurudzira kudiwa kweparaquat uye zvakatsigira mutengo wayo kusvika pamwero wakati. Parizvino, chiyero chemutengo/kushanda kweparaquat chinokwikwidza zvakanyanya kana chiri pasi pe40,000. simba.
Pamusoro pezvo, vaverengi vekuSoutheast Asia vanowanzo taura kuti munzvimbo dzakadai seVietnam, Malaysia, neBrazil, sora rinokura nekukurumidza munguva yemvura, uye paraquat inodzivirira kukurwa kwevhu nemvura. Mitengo yemimwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakakwira zvakanyanya. Varimi munzvimbo idzi vachiri kuda zvakanyanya. Vatengi vemunharaunda vakati mukana wekuwana paraquat kubva mumigero yakaita sekutengeserana kwemiganhu uri kuwedzera.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neparaquat, pyridine, ndezvemuindasitiri yemakemikari emarasha iri pasi. Mutengo wazvino wakadzikama pa28,000 yuan/tani, izvo zviri kuwedzera kukuru kubva pamutengo wakaderera we21,000 yuan/tani, asi panguva iyoyo 21,000 yuan/tani yakanga yatove yakaderera pane mutengo we2.4 zviuru gumi zve yuan/tani. Saka, kunyangwe mutengo wepyridine wakwira, uchiri pamutengo unonzwisisika, izvo zvichabatsira zvakanyanya kuwedzera kwekudiwa kweparaquat pasi rose. Vagadziri vazhinji veparaquat vemuno vanotarisirwawo kubatsirwa nazvo.
Kugona kwemakambani makuru ekugadzira paraquat
Gore rino, kugona kwekugadzira paraquat (ne100%) kwakaderera, uye China ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira paraquat. Zvinonzwisisika kuti makambani emuno akadai seRed Sun, Jiangsu Nuoen, Shandong Luba, Hebei Baofeng, Hebei Lingang, naSyngenta Nantong ari kugadzira paraquat. Kare, paraquat payakanga iri padanho rayo rakanaka, Shandong Dacheng, Sanonda, Lvfeng, Yongnong, Qiaochang, naXianlong vaive pakati pevagadziri veparaquat. Zvinonzwisisika kuti makambani aya haachagadziri paraquat.
Red Sun ine zvirimwa zvitatu zvekugadzira paraquat. Pakati pazvo, Nanjing Red Sun Biochemical Co., Ltd. ine simba rekugadzira matani 8,000-10,000. Iri muNanjing Chemical Industrial Park. Gore rapera, 42% yezvigadzirwa zvemuviri zvaive nemwedzi wega wega we2,500-3,000 matani. Gore rino, yakamisa zvachose kugadzirwa. . Chivako cheAnhui Guoxing chine simba rekugadzira matani 20,000. Chivako cheShandong Kexin chine simba rekugadzira matani 2,000. Simba reRed Sun rekugadzira rinoburitswa pa70%.
Jiangsu Nuoen ine simba rekugadzira matani zviuru gumi nezviviri eparaquat, uye kugadzirwa chaiko kunosvika matani zviuru gumi, izvo zvinoburitsa anenge 80% yesimba rayo; Shandong Luba ine simba rekugadzira matani zviuru gumi eparaquat, uye kugadzirwa kwayo chaiko kunosvika matani zviuru zvinomwe, izvo zvinoburitsa anenge 70% yesimba rayo rekugadzira; Hebei Baofeng's paraquat inoburitsa matani zviuru zvishanu; Hebei Lingang ine simba rekugadzira matani zviuru zvishanu eparaquat, uye kugadzirwa chaiko kunosvika matani zviuru zvitatu nemazana mashanu; Syngenta Nantong ine simba rekugadzira matani zviuru gumi eparaquat, uye kugadzirwa chaiko kunosvika matani zviuru zvishanu.
Pamusoro pezvo, Syngenta ine nzvimbo yekugadzira matani 9,000 mufekitori yeHuddersfield muUnited Kingdom uye nzvimbo yekugadzira matani 1,000 muBrazil. Zvinonzwisisika kuti gore rino rakakanganiswawo nedenda iri mumamiriro ekuderera kukuru kwekugadzirwa, zvichideredza kugadzirwa ne50% panguva imwe chete.
pfupiso
Paraquat ichiri nezvakanaka zvisingatsivike munyika dzakawanda pasi rose. Pamusoro pezvo, mitengo yeglyphosate neglufosinate pari zvino iri padanho repamusoro uye kuwanikwa kwayo kwakaderera, izvo zvinopa fungidziro yakawanda yekuwedzera kwekudiwa kweparaquat.
Mitambo yeOlympics yechando yeBeijing ichaitwa muna Kukadzi gore rinouya. Kutanga kubva muna Ndira 2022, mafekitori mazhinji makuru kuchamhembe kweChina ari kutarisana nenjodzi yekumisa kugadzirwa kwemazuva makumi mana nemashanu. Parizvino, zvingangoita, asi kuchine kusava nechokwadi. Kumiswa kwekugadzirwa kuchawedzera kusawirirana pakati pekuwanikwa nekudiwa kweglyphosate nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Kugadzirwa nekutengesa kweparaquat zvinotarisirwa kutora mukana uyu kuti zviwedzere.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-24-2021