ICI payakatanga paraquat pamusika muna 1962, munhu angadai asina kumbofungidzira kuti paraquat yaizosangana nedambudziko rakadaro uye rakashata mune ramangwana.Mushonga wesora wakanakisa uyu usingasarudze wakakura wakanyorwa pachikamu chechipiri chemishonga yesora pasi rose.Kudonha kwakambonyadzisa, asi nekuenderera mberi kwemutengo weShuangcao gore rino uye zvichida kuramba kuchikwira, iri kunetseka mumusika wepasi rose, asi paraquat inodhura iri kuunza mambakwedza etariro.
Yakanakisa isiri-selective contact herbicide
Paraquat mushonga wesora webipyridine.Mushonga wesora mushonga usingasarudze wakagadzirwa neICI kuma1950s.Iine yakakura yeherbicidal spectrum, inokurumidza kubata chiito, kusanaya kwekukurwa kwemvura, uye kusasarudza.Uye mamwe maitiro akanaka.
Paraquat inogona kushandiswa kudzora masora asati adyarwa kana mushure mekumera muminda yemichero, chibage, nzimbe, soya bhinzi nezvimwe zvirimwa.Inogona kushandiswa se desiccant panguva yekukohwa uye zvakare se defoliant.
Paraquat inouraya chloroplast membrane yemasora kunyanya nekubata zvikamu zvakasvibirira zvemasora, zvichikanganisa kuumbwa kwechlorophyll mumasora, zvichikanganisa photosynthesis yemasora, uye pakupedzisira nekukurumidza kumisa kukura kwemasora.Paraquat ine simba rakasimba rekuparadza pamatishu akasvibira emonocot uye dicot zvirimwa.Kazhinji, masora anogona kusandurwa mukati memaawa maviri kusvika matatu mushure mekushandiswa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu uye mamiriro ekunze eparaquat
Nekuda kwehuchetura hweparaquat kumuviri wemunhu uye nekugona kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu mukuita kwekushandisa zvisina kujairika, paraquat inorambidzwa nenyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu dzinosanganisira European Union, China, Thailand, Switzerland neBrazil.
Zvinoenderana nedata rakaburitswa ne360 Research Reports, kutengeswa kwepasi rose kweparaquat muna 2020 kwadonha kusvika pamamiriyoni zana emadhora ekuAmerica.Sekureva kweSyngenta mushumo weparaquat yakaburitswa muna 2021, Syngenta parizvino inotengesa paraquat munyika makumi maviri nesere.Kune makambani mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe nenomwe pasi rose akanyoresa magadzirirwo eparaquat anoshanda.Syngenta inoverengera ingangoita imwe yekutengesa kwepasi rose kweparaquat.Chikamu chechina.
Muna 2018, China yakatumira kunze 64,000 matani eparaquat uye 56,000 matani muna 2019. Nzvimbo huru dzekutumira kunze kweparaquat yeChina muna 2019 iBrazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, United States, Mexico, Thailand, Australia, nezvimwewo.
Kunyangwe paraquat yakarambidzwa munyika dzakakosha dzekurima dzakadai seEuropean Union, Brazil, neChina, uye huwandu hwekutengesa kunze hwakaderedzwa mumakore mashoma apfuura, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akakosha kuti mitengo yeglyphosate uye glufosinate-ammonium inoramba ichikwira. ive yakakwirira gore rino uye inogona kuramba ichikwira , Paraquat, rudzi rwakada kupererwa, ruchaunza hutsva hutsva.
Mitengo yepamusoro yeShuangcao inokurudzira kudiwa kwepasi rose kweparaquat
Kare, apo mutengo weglyphosate waiva 26,000 yuan/ton, paraquat yaiva 13,000 yuan/ton.Ikozvino mutengo weglyphosate uchiri 80,000 yuan/ton, uye mutengo weglufosinate uri pamusoro pe350,000 yuan.Kare, kudiwa kwepasi rose kweparaquat kwaive ne260,000 matani (zvichienderana ne42% yechigadzirwa chaicho), iyo inenge 80,000 matani.Musika wekuChina ungangoita 15,000 matani, Brazil 10,000 matani, Thailand 10,000 matani, uye Indonesia, United States, uye Thailand.Nigeria, India nedzimwe nyika.
Nekurambidzwa kwemishonga yechivanhu yakaita seChina, Brazil, neThailand, zvinoti, anopfuura 30,000 matani enzvimbo yemusika akasunungurwa.Zvisinei, gore rino, nekuwedzera nokukurumidza kwemitengo ye "Shuangcao" uye Diquat, uye misika isina kubhadharwa muUnited States Nekusununguka kwekushandiswa kwemichina, kudiwa mumusika weUnited States kana North America kwakawedzera ne20%, iyo yakakurudzira kudiwa kweparaquat uye yakatsigira mutengo wayo kune imwe nhanho.Parizvino, chiyero chemutengo / chekuita cheparaquat chinowedzera kukwikwidza kana chiri pasi pe40,000.simba.
Uyezve, vaverengi vokuSoutheast Asia vaiwanzotaura kuti munzvimbo dzakadai seVietnam, Malaysia, neBrazil, masora anokura nokukurumidza mumwaka wokunaya kwemvura, uye paraquat inonyatsokwanisa kurwisana nekukukurwa kwemvura.Mitengo yemamwe mishonga yesora yakakwira zvakanyanya.Varimi munzvimbo idzi vachiri Kuri kudiwa kwakaoma.Vatengi vemunharaunda vakati mukana wekuwana paraquat kubva kune grey chiteshi sekutengesa kumuganhu uri kuwedzera.
Uye zvakare, iyo mbishi yeparaquat, pyridine, ndeye yakadzika marasha emakemikari indasitiri.Mutengo wazvino uno wakadzikama pa28,000 yuan/ton, iko kuri kuwedzera kukuru kubva kune yakaderera ye21,000 yuan/ton, asi panguva iyoyo 21,000 yuan/ton yanga yatodzikira kupfuura mutengo we2.4 zviuru gumi zveyuan/ton. .Nokudaro, kunyange zvazvo mutengo wepyridine wakasimuka, uchiri pamutengo unonzwisisika, izvo zvichawedzera kubatsira kuwedzera kwepasi rose kudiwa kweparaquat.Vazhinji vagadziri veparaquat vepamba vanotarisirwawo kubatsirwa nazvo.
Kugona kwemakambani makuru ekugadzira paraquat
Gore rino, kusunungurwa kweparaquat yekugadzira simba (ne100%) ishoma, uye China ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira paraquat.Zvinonzwisisika kuti makambani epamba akadai seRed Sun, Jiangsu Nuoen, Shandong Luba, Hebei Baofeng, Hebei Lingang, uye Syngenta Nantong vari kugadzira paraquat.Kare, paraquat payainge yanyanya kunaka, Shandong Dacheng, Sanonda, Lvfeng, Yongnong, Qiaochang, uye Xianlong vaive pakati pevagadziri veparaquat.Zvinonzwisisika kuti makambani aya haasisiri kugadzira paraquat.
Red Sun ine zvirimwa zvitatu zvekugadzira paraquat.Pakati pavo, Nanjing Red Sun Biochemical Co., Ltd. ine simba rekugadzira re8,000-10,000 matani.Iyo iri muNanjing Chemical Industrial Park.Gore rakapera, 42% yezvigadzirwa zvemuviri zvaive nekubuda pamwedzi kwe2,500-3,000 matani.Gore rino, yakamisa zvachose kugadzirwa..Iyo Anhui Guoxing chirimwa chine simba rekugadzira re20,000 matani.Chigadzirwa cheShandong Kexin chine simba rekugadzira rematani zviuru zviviri.Red Sun yekugadzira simba inoburitswa pa70%.
Jiangsu Nuoen ine simba rekugadzira 12,000 matani eparaquat, uye iyo chaiyo kugadzirwa inenge 10,000 matani, iyo inobudisa inenge 80% yehuwandu hwayo;Shandong Luba ine simba rekugadzira 10,000 matani eparaquat, uye kugadzirwa kwayo chaiyo inenge 7,000 matani, iyo inobudisa inenge 70% yehuwandu hwayo hwekugadzira;Kugadzirwa kweparaquat kwaHebei Baofeng i5,000 matani;Hebei Lingang ine simba rekugadzira re5,000 matani eparaquat, uye iyo chaiyo kugadzirwa inenge 3,500 matani;Syngenta Nantong ine simba rekugadzira rinosvika 10,000 matani eparaquat, uye kugadzirwa chaiko kunosvika zviuru zvishanu zvematani.
Pamusoro pezvo, Syngenta ine nzvimbo yekugadzira matani 9,000 muchirimwa cheHuddersfield muUnited Kingdom uye nzvimbo ye1,000-ton muBrazil.Zvinonzwisisika kuti gore rino rakakanganiswawo nedenda iri mumamiriro ekuderedza kukuru mukugadzirwa, kuderedza kugadzirwa ne50% panguva imwe chete.
pfupiso
Paraquat ichine zvakanakira zvisingadzoreki munyika dzakawanda pasirese.Mukuwedzera, mitengo yemazuva ano ye glyphosate uye glufosinate sevakwikwidzi vari pamwero wepamusoro uye kupa kwakasimba, izvo zvinopa zvakawanda zvekufungidzira kwekuwedzera kwekudiwa kweparaquat.
Mitambo yeBeijing Winter Olympics ichaitwa muna Kukadzi gore rinouya.Kubva muna Ndira 2022, mafekitori makuru mazhinji kuchamhembe kweChina akatarisana nenjodzi yekumisa kugadzirwa kwemazuva makumi mana nemashanu.Parizvino, zvinobvira zvikuru, asi kuchine mwero wakati wokusava nechokwadi.Kumiswa kwekugadzirwa kunosungirwa kuwedzera kunetsana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa kweglyphosate nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.Kugadzirwa kweParaquat uye kutengesa kunotarisirwa kutora mukana uyu kuti uwedzere.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-24-2021