Musika wembeu dzakagadziriswa majini (GM) unotarisirwa kukura nemadhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri nehafu ($12.8 bhiriyoni) panosvika gore ra2028, nekukura kwegore negore kwe7.08%. Kukura uku kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekushandiswa kwakapararira uye kuvandudzwa kuri kuitwa kwebiotechnology yekurima.
Musika wekuNorth America wakura nekukurumidza nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakapararira uye kufambira mberi mu biotechnology yekurima. Basf ndeimwe yemakambani anotungamira mukupa mbeu dzakagadziriswa majini dzine mabhenefiti akakosha akadai sekuderedza kukurwa kwevhu nekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Musika wekuNorth America unotarisa pazvinhu zvakaita sekurerukirwa, zvinodiwa nevatengi uye maitiro ekushandisa pasi rose. Sekureva kwekufanotaura nekuongorora, musika wekuNorth America parizvino uri kuona kuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchikwira kwekudiwa, uye biotechnology iri kutamba basa rakakosha mukuumba chikamu chekurima.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinosimudzira musika
Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwembeu dzeGM mumunda wemafuta ebiofuels kuri pachena kuti kuri kukurudzira kukura kwemusika. Nekukura kuri kuita kudiwa kwemafuta ebiofuels, huwandu hwekushandiswa kwembeu dzakagadziriswa majini mumusika wepasi rose huri kuwedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuwedzera kutarisisa kuderedza kuburitswa kwemagasi ekupisa uye kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, mafuta ebiofuels anobva muzvirimwa zvakagadziriswa majini, zvakaita sechibage, soya nenzimbe, ari kuramba achikosha sesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, mbeu dzakagadziriswa majini dzakagadzirirwa kuwedzera goho, kuwedzera kwemafuta uye biomass zviri kukurudzirawo kukura kwemusika wepasi rose wekugadzira mafuta ane chekuita nemafuta emhuka. Semuenzaniso, bioethanol inobva muchibage chakagadziriswa majini inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekuwedzera mafuta, nepo biodiesel inobva musoya dzakagadziriswa majini necanola inopa imwe nzira yemafuta efossil ekufambisa uye maindasitiri.
Mafambiro makuru emusika
Muindasitiri yembeu dzeGM, kubatanidzwa kwekurima kwedhijitari nekuongorora data kwave chinhu chiri kubuda uye chinhu chakakosha chinotyaira musika, kuchinja maitiro ekurima uye kuwedzera kukosha kwembeu dzeGM pamusika.
Kurima kwedhijitari kunoshandisa matekinoroji epamusoro akadai semifananidzo yesatellite, madrone, masensa, uye michina yekurima nemazvo kuti iunganidze data rakawanda rine chekuita nehutano hwevhu, mamiriro ekunze, kukura kwezvirimwa, uye zvipembenene. Maitiro ekuongorora data anobva agadzirisa ruzivo urwu kuti ape varimi mhinduro dzinoshanda uye kugadzirisa maitiro ekuita sarudzo. Munyaya yembeu dzeGM, kurima kwedhijitari kunobatsira mukutarisira nekutarisa zvirimwa zveGM muhupenyu hwavo hwese. Varimi vanogona kushandisa ruzivo rwunobva padata kuti vagadzirise maitiro ekudyara, kugadzirisa maitiro ekudyara, uye kuwedzera mashandiro emhando dzembeu dzeGM.
Matambudziko makuru emusika
Kubuda kwemichina mitsva yakaita sekurima kwemhando yepamusoro (vertical agriculture) kunotyisidzira kushandiswa kwemichina yechinyakare mumunda wembeu dzakagadziriswa majini uye ndiro dambudziko guru riri kutarisana nemusika pari zvino. Kusiyana nekurima kwemumunda kana kwegreenhouse, kurima kwemhando yepamusoro kunosanganisira kuisa zvirimwa pamwe chete, zvichiwanzobatanidzwa mune zvimwe zvivako zvakaita semafurati marefu, magaba ekutakura zvinhu, kana matura akachinjwa. Nenzira iyi, mvura nechiedza chete zvinodiwa nechirimwa ndizvo zvinodzorwa, uye kuvimba kwechirimwa nemishonga yezvipembenene, mafetiraiza ekugadzira, mishonga yesora nezvisikwa zvakagadziriswa majini (Gmos) kunogona kudzivirirwa zvinobudirira.
Musika nerudzi
Simba rechikamu chekushivirira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene richawedzera musika wembeu dzeGM. Kushivirira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kunoita kuti zvirimwa zvikwanise kumira kushandisa mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene uku zvichidzivisa kukura kwemasora. Kazhinji, hunhu uhwu hunowanikwa kuburikidza nekuchinja majini, umo zvirimwa zvinogadzirwa majini kuti zvigadzire ma enzymes anobvisa chepfu kana kudzivirira zvinhu zvinoshanda zvemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvirimwa zvinotsungirira glyphosate, kunyanya izvo zvinopihwa neMonsanto uye zvinofambiswa neBayer, zviri pakati pemhando dzinorwisa sora dzinowanikwa zvakanyanya. Zvirimwa izvi zvinogona kukurudzira kutonga sora pasina kukuvadza zvirimwa zvakarimwa. Chinhu ichi chinotarisirwa kuramba chichitungamira musika mune ramangwana.
Musika nezvigadzirwa
Mamiriro emusika anochinja-chinja anoumbwa nekufambira mberi mune zvesainzi yekurima uye tekinoroji yejini. Mbeu dzeGm dzinounza zvirimwa zvakanaka zvakaita segoho guru uye kusabatwa nezvipembenene, saka kugamuchirwa neveruzhinji kuri kukura. Zvirimwa zvakagadziriswa majini zvakaita sesoya, chibage nedonje zvakagadziriswa kuti zviratidze hunhu hwakadai sekushivirira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye kusabatwa nezvipembenene, zvichipa varimi mhinduro dzinoshanda dzekuvabatsira kurwisa zvipembenene nemasora ukuwo zvichiwedzera goho rezvirimwa. Matekiniki akadai sekubatanidza majini uye kumisa majini murabhoritari anoshandiswa kugadzirisa majini ezvisikwa uye kuwedzera hunhu hwemajini. Mbeu dzeGm dzinowanzogadzirwa kuti dzisabatwa nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, zvichideredza kudiwa kwekusakura nemaoko uye kubatsira kuwedzera goho. Matekiniki aya anowanikwa kuburikidza netekinoroji yemajini uye kusabatwa nemakemikari uchishandisa mavhairasi akadai seAgrobacterium tumefaciens.
Musika wechibage unotarisirwa kuratidza kukura kukuru mune ramangwana. Chibage ndicho chiri kutonga pamusika wepasi rose uye chiri kudiwa zvakanyanya, kunyanya pakugadzira ethanol nechikafu chezvipfuyo. Pamusoro pezvo, chibage ndicho chiri kutengeswa zvakanyanya pakugadzira ethanol. Dhipatimendi rezvekurima reUS rinofungidzira kuti kugadzirwa kwechibage muUS kuchasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu nerimwe emabhashel pagore muna 2022, zvichikwira ne7 muzana kubva mugore ra2020.
Hazvisi izvozvo chete, goho rechibage chekuUS muna 2022 richasvika pamusoro zvikuru. Goho rakasvika mabhesi 177.0 paeka, richikwira nemabhesi 5.6 kubva pamabhesi 171.4 muna 2020. Pamusoro pezvo, chibage chinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai semishonga, mapurasitiki uye biofuels. Kushandiswa kwaro kwakasiyana-siyana kwakabatsira mukukohwa kwechibage munzvimbo yechipiri pakukura pasi rose mushure megorosi uye chinotarisirwa kukurudzira kukura kwechikamu chechibage uye kuramba chichitungamira musika wembeu dzeGM mune ramangwana.
Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzemusika
United States neCanada ndidzo dzinonyanya kupa mbeu dzeGM muNorth America. MuUnited States, zvirimwa zvakagadziriswa majini zvakaita sesoya, chibage, donje necanola, zvakawanda zvacho zvakagadzirwa majini kuti zvive nezvinhu zvakaita sekutsungirira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye kusapindirana nezvipembenene, ndizvo zvinonyanya kukura. Kushandiswa kwembeu dzeGM kwakapararira kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwekuwedzera goho rezvirimwa, kubata masora nezvipembenene zvinobudirira, uye kuda kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuderedza kushandiswa kwemakemikari, pakati pezvimwe. Canada inewo basa rakakosha mumusika wedunhu, nemarudzi eGM canola anotsungirira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ave chirimwa chikuru mukurima kweCanada, zvichibatsira kuwedzera goho uye purofiti yevarimi. Nokudaro, zvinhu izvi zvicharamba zvichitungamira musika wembeu dzeGM muNorth America mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-17-2024