Mambure eumhutu anorapwa zvipembenene (ILNs) anowanzo shandiswa sechidziviriro chemuviri kudzivirira kutapukirwa nemarariya. MuAfrica iri kumaodzanyemba kweSahara, imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekuderedza kuwanda kwemarariya kushandiswa kweILNs. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwekushandiswa kweILNs muEthiopia rwakaganhurirwa. Saka, chidzidzo ichi chine chinangwa chekuongorora kushandiswa kweILNs nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo pakati pemhuri dziri muWest Arsi County, Oromia State, Southern Ethiopia muna 2023. Ongororo yehuwandu hwevanhu yakaitwa muWest Arsi County kubva musi wa1 kusvika 30 Chivabvu 2023 nemuenzaniso wemhuri 2808. Data rakaunganidzwa kubva kumhuri uchishandisa mibvunzo yakarongeka yaitungamirirwa nemubvunzurudzi. Data rakaongororwa, rakaiswa makodhi uye rakaiswa muEpiinfo version 7 uye rakazocheneswa uye rakaongororwa uchishandisa SPSS version 25. Ongororo inotsanangura yakashandiswa kuratidza ma frequency, proportions uye graphs. Binary logistic regression analysis yakaverengerwa uye variables dzine p values dziri pasi pe0.25 dzakasarudzwa kuti dzibatanidzwe mu multivariate model. Muenzaniso wekupedzisira wakatsanangurwa uchishandisa zviyero zvakagadziriswa (95% confidence interval, p value iri pasi pe0.05) kuratidza hukama hwehuwandu pakati pemhedzisiro nezvimiro zvakazvimiririra. Mhuri dzinosvika 2389 (86.2%) dzine mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu anogona kushandiswa panguva yekurara. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwese kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu kwaive 69.9% (95% CI 68.1–71.8). Kushandiswa kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekuva musoro wemba wechikadzi (AOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.33–4.15), huwandu hwemakamuri akasiyana mumba (AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.23–2.29), nguva yekutsiva mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu (AOR 2.81; 95% CI 2.18–5.35), uye ruzivo rwemupinduri (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 2.48–6.97). Kushandiswa kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu mumhuri muEthiopia kwaive kwakaderera zvichienzaniswa nemutemo wenyika (≥ 85). Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti zvinhu zvakaita semusoro wemba wechikadzi, huwandu hwemakamuri akasiyana mumba, nguva yekutsiva mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu uye ruzivo rwevanhu vakapindura zvaive zviratidzo zvekushandiswa kweLLIN nenhengo dzemhuri. Saka, kuti vawedzere kushandiswa kweLLIN, West Alsi District Health Office nevane chekuita nazvo vanofanira kupa ruzivo rwakakodzera kune veruzhinji uye kusimbisa kushandiswa kweLLIN padanho remhuri.
Malaria idambudziko guru rehutano hwevanhu pasi rose uye chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzera kurwara nerufu zvakanyanya. Chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nechirwere cheprotozoan cherudzi rwePlasmodium, chinotapuriranwa nekurumwa neumhutu hwechikadzi hweAnopheles1,2. Vanhu vanosvika mabhiriyoni 3.3 vari panjodzi yekubatwa nemarariya, nenjodzi huru muSub-Saharan Africa (SSA)3. Mushumo weWorld Health Organization (WHO) 2023 unoratidza kuti hafu yevanhu vepasi rose vari panjodzi yekubatwa nemarariya, nezviitiko zvinofungidzirwa kuti mamiriyoni 233 zvemarariya zvakashumwa munyika 29, umo vanhu vanosvika 580,000 vanofa, vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu nevakadzi vane pamuviri vari ivo vanonyanya kubatwa nemarariya3,4.
Ongororo dzakaitwa kare muEthiopia dzakaratidza kuti zvinhu zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kwemambure eumhutu kwenguva refu zvinosanganisira ruzivo rwemafambiro ekutapurirana kwemalaria, ruzivo rwunopihwa nevashandi vezvehutano (HEWs), mishandirapamwe yenhau, dzidzo muzvipatara, mafungiro uye kusagadzikana kwemuviri pakurara pasi pemambure eumhutu kwenguva refu, kutadza kuturika mambure eumhutu aripo kwenguva refu, nzvimbo dzisina kukwana dzekuturika mambure eumhutu, kupindira kusina kukwana kwedzidzo, kushaikwa kwezvekushandisa mambure eumhutu, njodzi dzemalaria, uye kusaziva mabhenefiti emambure eumhutu. 17,20,21 Ongororo dzakaratidzawo kuti zvimwe zvinhu, zvinosanganisira saizi yemhuri, zera, nhoroondo yekukuvara, saizi, chimiro, ruvara, uye huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekurara, zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemambure eumhutu kwenguva refu. 5,17,18,22 Zvisinei, zvimwe zvidzidzo hazvina kuwana hukama hwakakosha pakati pehupfumi hwemhuri nenguva yekushandiswa kwemambure eumhutu3,23.
Mambure eumhutu anogara kwenguva refu, akakura zvakakwana kuti aiswe munzvimbo dzekurara, akaonekwa kuti anoshandiswa kakawanda, uye zvidzidzo zvakawanda munyika dzine malaria zvakaratidza kukosha kwawo mukuderedza kusangana kwevanhu nezvirwere zvinoparadzira malaria nezvimwe zvirwere zvinoparadzira malaria7,19,23. Munzvimbo dzine malaria, kugoverwa kwemambure eumhutu anogara kwenguva refu kwakaratidzwa kuderedza kuwanda kwemalaria, zvirwere zvakakomba, uye kufa kunokonzerwa nemalaria. Mambure eumhutu anorapwa nemishonga yezvipembenene akaratidzwa kuderedza kuwanda kwemalaria ne48–50%. Kana akashandiswa zvakanyanya, mambure aya anogona kudzivirira 7% yekufa kwevanhu vari pasi pemakore mashanu pasi rose24 uye ane chekuita nekudzikira kukuru kwenjodzi yekuzvarwa nehuremu hushoma uye kurasikirwa nemwana ari mudumbu25.
Hazvina kujeka kuti vanhu vanoziva zvakadini nezvekushandiswa kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu uye kuti vanoatenga kusvika papi. Mashoko nemakuhwa pamusoro pekusaturika mambure zvachose, kuaturika zvisirizvo uye munzvimbo isiriyo, uye kusaisa vana nevakadzi vane pamuviri pakutanga zvakakodzera kuongororwa kwakanyatsojeka. Rimwe dambudziko nderekuona kweveruzhinji basa remambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu mukudzivirira malaria. 23 Kuwanda kweMarariya kwakakwira munzvimbo dzakaderera dzeWest Arsi County, uye data pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu mudzimba nemunharaunda harisi nyore. Nokudaro, chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuongorora kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo pakati pemhuri dziri muWest Arsi County, Oromia Region, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweEthiopia.
Ongororo yenharaunda yakaitwa kubva musi wa1 kusvika 30 Chivabvu 2023 muWest Arsi County. West Arsi County iri muOromia Region kumaodzanyemba kweEthiopia, makiromita mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu kubva kuAddis Ababa. Huwandu hwevanhu munharaunda iyi i2,926,749, ine varume 1,434,107 nevakadzi 1,492,642. MuWest Arsi County, vanhu vanosvika 963,102 mumatunhu matanhatu nemutaundi rimwe chete vanogara panjodzi huru yemalaria; zvisinei, matunhu mapfumbamwe haana malaria. West Arsi County ine misha 352, iyo 136 ine malaria. Pama health stations 356, 143 inzvimbo dzekudzivirira malaria uye kune nzvimbo dzehutano 85, 32 dzacho dziri munzvimbo dzine malaria. Zvipatara zvitatu pazvishanu zvinorapa varwere vemalaria. Nzvimbo iyi ine nzizi nenzvimbo dzekudiridza dzakakodzera kubereka umhutu. Muna 2021, mishonga yezvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu inosvika 312,224 yakagoverwa munharaunda iyi kuti ibatsire panjodzi, uye boka rechipiri remishonga yezvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu inosvika 150,949 rakagoverwa muna 2022-26.
Vanhu vaibva ikoko vaionekwa semhuri dzose dziri mudunhu reWest Alsi neavo vaigara munharaunda iyi panguva yekudzidza.
Vanhu vakaongororwa vakasarudzwa zvisina tsarukano kubva mumhuri dzese dzakakodzera mudunhu reWest Alsi, pamwe neavo vanogara munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru yekubatwa nemalaria panguva yekudzidza.
Mhuri dzese dziri mumisha yakasarudzwa yeWest Alsi County uye dzakagara munzvimbo iyi kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu dzakabatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi.
Mhuri dzisina kugamuchira mishonga yeLLIN panguva yekugoverwa kwemishonga iyi pamwe nedzisina kukwanisa kupindura nekuda kwekutadza kunzwa zvakanaka uye kutaura dzakabviswa muongororo iyi.
Saizi yemuenzaniso yechinangwa chechipiri chezvinhu zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kweLLIN yakaverengerwa zvichibva pafomura yehuwandu hwevanhu vachishandisa software yeEpi info version 7 statistical computing. Tichifunga kuti 95% CI, 80% simba uye chiyero chemhedzisiro che61.1% muboka risina kuratidzwa, fungidziro iyi yakatorwa kubva kuongororo yakaitwa pakati peIndia13 ichishandisa misoro yemhuri isina kudzidza sechinhu chinoshanduka, ine OR ye1.25. Tichishandisa fungidziro dziri pamusoro uye tichienzanisa zvinhu zvinoshanduka nenhamba huru, "musoro wemhuri usina dzidzo" wakatariswa pakusarudza saizi yekupedzisira yemuenzaniso, sezvo wakapa saizi huru yemuenzaniso yevanhu 2808.
Saizi yemuenzaniso yakapihwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemhuri dziri mumusha wega wega uye mhuri 2808 dzakasarudzwa kubva mumisha yacho pachishandiswa nzira iri nyore yekusarudzira. Huwandu hwemhuri dziri mumusha wega wega hwakatorwa kubva kuVillage Health Information System (CHIS). Mhuri yekutanga yakasarudzwa nerotari. Kana imba yemutori wechikamu wechidzidzo yakavharwa panguva yekuunganidzwa kwedata, kubvunzurudzwa kwekutevera kunopfuura kaviri kwakaitwa uye izvi zvaionekwa sekunge hapana mhinduro.
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvaive hunhu hwemagariro evanhu (zera, mamiriro ekuroorana, chitendero, dzidzo, basa, hukuru hwemhuri, nzvimbo yekugara, rudzi uye mari inowanikwa pamwedzi), ruzivo uye zvinhu zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwenguva refu kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene.
Mhuri dzakabvunzwa mibvunzo gumi nemitatu pamusoro peruzivo nezvekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu. Mhinduro chaiyo yakapihwa poindi imwe chete, uye mhinduro isiriyo yakapihwa poindi 0. Mushure mekupfupisa mamakisi emumwe nemumwe wevatori vechikamu, mamakisi epakati akaverengerwa, uye vatori vechikamu vane mamakisi ari pamusoro peavhareji vakaonekwa se "vane ruzivo rwakanaka" uye vatori vechikamu vane mamakisi ari pasi peavhareji vakaonekwa se "vasina ruzivo" nezvekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu.
Data rakaunganidzwa pachishandiswa mibvunzo yakarongwa yakaitwa nemunhu aibvunzurudza uye rakagadziriswa kubva mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana2,3,7,19. Chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira hunhu hwevanhu, hunhu hwezvakatipoteredza uye ruzivo rwevatori vechikamu nezvekushandiswa kweISIS. Data rakaunganidzwa kubva kuvanhu makumi maviri nevasere munzvimbo ine chirwere chemalaria, kunze kwenzvimbo dzavo dzekuunganidza data uye raitarisirwa zuva nezuva nenyanzvi dzemalaria nomwe kubva kuzvipatara.
Mibvunzo yakanyorwa muChirungu ndokushandurirwa mumutauro wemuno (Afan Oromo) ndokuzoshandurwazve muChirungu kuti vaone kana mashoko acho akafanana. Mibvunzo yakaongororwa pachine nguva pa5% yemuenzaniso (135) kunze kwenzvimbo yehutano yekuongorora. Mushure mekuongororwa pachine nguva, mibvunzo yakagadziriswa kuti pave nekujekeswa uye nyore kushandisa mashoko. Kucheneswa kwedata, kukwana, chiyero uye kuongororwa kwepfungwa kwakaitwa nguva nenguva kuitira kuona kuti data rakagadzirwa sei data risati raiswa. Mushure mekubvunzana nemukuru webasa, data rese risina kukwana uye risingaenderane rakabviswa mudata. Vaunganidzi vedata nevatariri vakagamuchira kudzidziswa kwezuva rimwe chete pamusoro pekuti vangaunganidza sei uye ruzivo rupi. Muongorori akaongorora vaunganidzi vedata nevatariri kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti data rakagadzirwa sei panguva yekuunganidzwa kwedata.
Data rakaongororwa kuti rakarurama uye rinoenderana here, ndokuzonyorwa kodhi ndokuiswa muEpi-info version 7, ndokuzocheneswa nekuongororwa uchishandisa SPSS version 25. Nhamba dzinotsanangura dzakadai sema frequency, proportions, uye graphs dzakashandiswa kuratidza mhinduro. Bivariate binary logistic regression analysis dzakaverengerwa, uye covariates dzine p values dziri pasi pe 0.25 mu bivariate model dzakasarudzwa kuti dzibatanidzwe mu multivariate model. Modhi yekupedzisira yakadudzirwa uchishandisa adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, uye p values < 0.05 kuti ione hukama huripo pakati pemhedzisiro ne independent variables. Multicollinearity yakaedzwa uchishandisa standard error (SE), iyo yaive pasi pe 2 muchidzidzo chino. Hosmer naLemeshow goodness-of-fit test yakashandiswa kuyedza model fit, uye p value yeHosmer naLemeshow test muchidzidzo chino yaive 0.746.
Chidzidzo ichi chisati chaitwa, mvumo yetsika yakawanikwa kubva kuWest Elsea County Board of Health Ethics Committee zvichienderana neChiziviso cheHelsinki. Mushure mekutsanangura chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi, tsamba dzemvumo dzakatorwa kubva kumahofisi ehutano edunhu neguta akasarudzwa. Vatori vechikamu muchidzidzo vakaziviswa nezvechinangwa chechidzidzo, zvakavanzika, uye zvakavanzika. Mvumo yekutaura yakawanikwa kubva kuvatori vechikamu muchidzidzo ichi isati yatanga kuunganidzwa kwedata. Mazita evakabvunzwa haana kunyorwa, asi mumwe nemumwe akabvunzwa akapihwa kodhi yekuchengetedza zvakavanzika.
Pakati pevakabvunzwa, ruzhinji (2738, 98.8%) rwakanga rwanzwa nezvekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu. Nezvekwakabva ruzivo nezvekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu, ruzhinji rwevakabvunzwa 2202 (71.1%) rwakaiwana kubva kuvanopa hutano hwavo. Vanenge vese vakabvunzwa 2735 (99.9%) vaiziva kuti mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakatsemuka inogara kwenguva refu inogona kugadziriswa. Vanenge vese vakabvunzwa 2614 (95.5%) vaiziva nezvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu sezvo ichidzivirira malaria. Ruzhinji rwemhuri 2529 (91.5%) rwaiva neruzivo rwakanaka nezvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu. Avhareji yeruzivo rwemhuri nezvekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu yaive 7.77 ine mwero wekutsauka kwe± 0.91 (Tafura 2).
Mukuongorora zvinhu zviviri zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemambure eumhutu kwenguva refu, zvinhu zvakaita sekuti murume kana mukadzi wemunhu ari kupindura, kwaanogara, saizi yemhuri, mamiriro edzidzo, mamiriro ewanano, basa remunhu ari kupindura, huwandu hwemakamuri akasiyana mumba, ruzivo rwemambure eumhutu anogara kwenguva refu, nzvimbo yekutenga mambure eumhutu anogara kwenguva refu, nguva yekushandiswa kwemambure eumhutu kwenguva refu, uye huwandu hwemambure eumhutu mumba zvakabatana nekushandiswa kwemambure eumhutu kwenguva refu. Mushure mekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinovhiringidza, zvinhu zvese zvine p-value <0.25 mukuongorora kwebivariate zvakabatanidzwa mukuongorora kwemultivariate logistic regression.
Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuongorora kushandiswa kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo mumhuri dziri muWest Arsi County, Ethiopia. Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti zvinhu zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu zvinosanganisira vakadzi vevanhu vakabvunzwa, huwandu hwemakamuri akasiyana mumba, nguva inodiwa kutsiva mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu, uye ruzivo rwevakapihwa, izvo zvaive zvakabatana zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwemambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu.
Kusiyana uku kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwekusiyana kwehukuru hwemuenzaniso, huwandu hwevanhu vakaongororwa, nzvimbo yekudzidza munharaunda, uye mamiriro ehupfumi hwevanhu. Parizvino, muEthiopia, Bazi reHutano riri kuita zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekuderedza mutoro wemalaria nekubatanidza zvirongwa zvekudzivirira malaria muzvirongwa zvehutano hwekutanga, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kurwara nekufa kunokonzerwa nemalaria.
Zvakabuda muchidzidzo ichi zvakaratidza kuti vatungamiriri vemhuri vechikadzi ndivo vainyanya kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu zvichienzaniswa nevanhurume. Izvi zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zvakaitwa muIlugalan County5, Raya Alamata Region33 neArbaminchi Town34, Ethiopia, zvakaratidza kuti vakadzi ndivo vainyanya kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu kupfuura varume. Izvi zvinogonawo kunge zviri mutsika dzechivanhu munharaunda yeEthiopia dzinokoshesa vakadzi kupfuura varume, uye kana vakadzi vava vatungamiriri vemhuri, varume vanenge vasina kumanikidzwa zvakanyanya kusarudza kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu ivo pachavo. Uyezve, chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa munzvimbo yekumaruwa, uko tsika netsika dzemunharaunda zvinogona kuremekedza vakadzi vane pamuviri uye kuvapa mukana wekushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu kudzivirira kutapukirwa nemarariya.
Imwe ongororo yakawanikwa kubva muchidzidzo ichi yakaratidza kuti huwandu hwemakamuri akasiyana mudzimba dzevatori vechikamu hwakabatana zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwemambure ekudzivirira umhutu akasimba. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvakasimbiswa neongororo dzakaitwa muEast Belessa7, Garan5, Adama21 neBahir Dar20 county. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti mhuri dzine makamuri mashoma akasiyana mumba dzine mukana wekushandisa mambure ekudzivirira umhutu akasimba, nepo mhuri dzine makamuri akawanda akasiyana mumba uye nhengo dzemhuri dzakawanda dzine mukana wekushandisa mambure ekudzivirira umhutu akasimba, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kushomeka kwemambure ekudzivirira umhutu mumakamuri ese akasiyana.
Nguva yekutsiva mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu yakabatana zvakanyanya nekushandiswa kwemba kwemasutu ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu. Vanhu vakatsiva mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu kusvika makore matatu apfuura vaive nemukana wekushandisa mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu kupfuura avo vakatsiviwa makore asingasviki matatu apfuura. Izvi zvinoenderana neongororo dzakaitwa muguta reArbaminchi, Ethiopia34 nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweEthiopia20. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekuti mhuri dzine mukana wekutenga mambure matsva ekudzivirira ekare dzine mukana wekushandisa mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu pakati penhengo dzemhuri, dzinogona kunzwa kugutsikana uye dzichikurudzirwa kushandisa mambure matsva ekudzivirira malaria.
Chimwe chakawanikwa kubva muchidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti mhuri dzine ruzivo rwakakwana nezvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu dzaive nemukana wekushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu zvakapetwa kana zvichienzaniswa nemhuri dzine ruzivo rushoma. Izvi zvinoenderanawo nezvidzidzo zvakaitwa muHawassa nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweEthiopia18,22. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekuti sezvo ruzivo rwemhuri neruzivo nezvenzira dzekudzivirira kutapurirana, zvinhu zvine njodzi, kuomarara uye matanho ekudzivirira chirwere chega chega, mukana wekushandisa matanho ekudzivirira unowedzera. Uyezve, ruzivo rwakanaka uye maonero akanaka enzira dzekudzivirira malaria zvinokurudzira tsika yekushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu. Nokudaro, matanho ekuchinja maitiro anovavarira kukurudzira kutevedzera zvirongwa zvekudzivirira malaria pakati penhengo dzemhuri nekuisa zvinhu zvetsika nemagariro evanhu pamwe nedzidzo yevanhu vose.
Chidzidzo ichi chakashandisa dhizaini yezvikamu zvakasiyana uye hukama hwacho hahuna kuratidzwa. Kukanganiswa kwekurangarira kungave kwakaitika. Kuongororwa kwemambure emubhedha kunosimbisa kuti kuburitswa kwezvimwe mhedzisiro yekudzidza (semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwemambure emubhedha husiku hwapfuura, kuwacha mambure kakawanda, uye avhareji yemari inowanikwa) kwakavakirwa pamishumo yega, iyo inokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwemhinduro.
Kushandiswa kwemambure emishonga inouraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu mumhuri kwakaderera zvichienzaniswa nemutemo wenyika weEthiopia (≥ 85). Ongororo iyi yakawana kuti kushandiswa kwemambure emishonga inouraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu kwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuti mukuru wemhuri aive mukadzi here, kuti makamuri mangani akazvimirira aive mumba, kuti zvakatora nguva yakareba sei kutsiva mambure emishonga inouraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu, uye kuti vakapindura vaive neruzivo rwakadii. Nokudaro, West Arsi County Health Authority nevane chekuita nazvo vanofanira kushanda kuti vawedzere kushandiswa kwemambure emishonga inouraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu padanho remhuri kuburikidza nekuparadzira ruzivo nekudzidziswa kwakakodzera, pamwe nekutaurirana kwenguva refu nezvekuchinja maitiro kuti vawedzere kushandiswa kwemambure emishonga inouraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu. Simbisa kudzidziswa kwevanozvipira, masangano emunharaunda, nevatungamiriri vezvitendero pakushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemambure emishonga inouraya zvipembenene kwenguva refu padanho remhuri.
Ruzivo rwese rwakawanikwa uye/kana rwakaongororwa panguva yekudzidza runowanikwa kubva kumunyori anoenderana kana zvikakumbirwa zvine musoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-07-2025