Huwandu hwevanhu vane makore ari pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumakore gumi hwaive 2.7 pavanhu 100 mumwedzi munharaunda yeIRS uye 6.8 pavanhu 100 mumwedzi yevanorwara. Zvisinei, pakanga pasina musiyano mukuru mukuwanda kwemarariya pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi mumwedzi miviri yekutanga (Chikunguru-Nyamavhuvhu) uye mushure memwaka wekunaya kwemvura (Zvita-Kukadzi) (ona Mufananidzo 4).
Maitiro ekurarama kwevana vane makore ari pakati pegore rimwe kusvika gumi vari munzvimbo yekuongororwa mushure memwedzi misere yekutevera varwere.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaenzanisa kuwanda kwemarariya nekuwanda kwayo mumatunhu maviri uchishandisa nzira dzakabatana dzekudzivirira malaria kuti vaongorore mhedzisiro yeIRS. Data rakaunganidzwa mumatunhu maviri kuburikidza neongororo mbiri dzezvikamu zvakasiyana uye ongororo yemwedzi mipfumbamwe yekutsvaga nyaya mumakiriniki ehutano. Zvakabuda muongororo dzezvikamu zvakasiyana pakutanga nekupera kwemwaka wekupararira kwemarariya zvakaratidza kuti malaria parasitaemia yaive yakaderera zvakanyanya mudunhu reIRS (LLTID+IRS) pane mudunhu rekutonga (LLTIN chete). Sezvo matunhu maviri aya akafanana maererano nezvirwere zvemarariya uye kupindira, mutsauko uyu unogona kutsanangurwa nekukosha kwakawedzerwa kweIRS mudunhu reIRS. Kutaura zvazviri, mambure ekuuraya zvipembenene anogara kwenguva refu neIRS anozivikanwa kuderedza zvakanyanya mutoro wemarariya kana akashandiswa ega. Saka, zvidzidzo zvakawanda [7, 21, 23, 24, 25] zvinofanotaura kuti kusanganiswa kwavo kuchaguma nekudzikira kukuru kwemutoro wemarariya kupfuura ese ari maviri. Pasinei neIRS, Plasmodium parasitaemia inowedzera kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo kwemwaka wekunaya munzvimbo dzine kutapurirana kwemarariya kwemwaka, uye maitiro aya anotarisirwa kusvika pakupera kwemwaka wekunaya. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yeIRS (53.0%) kwaive kwakaderera zvakanyanya pane kwenzvimbo yekudzora (220.0%). Makore mapfumbamwe emakwikwi eIRS akatevedzana pasina mubvunzo akabatsira kuderedza kana kutodzvinyirira huwandu hwehutachiona munzvimbo dzeIRS. Uyezve, pakanga pasina musiyano munhamba ye gametophyte pakati penzvimbo mbiri pakutanga. Pakupera kwemwaka wemvura, yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya munzvimbo yekudzora (11.5%) pane munzvimbo yeIRS (3.2%). Izvi zvinotsanangura zvishoma kuwanda kweparasitemia yemalaria munzvimbo yeIRS, sezvo gametocyte index iri iyo inogona kukonzera kutapukirwa kweumhutu zvichikonzera kutapurirana kwemalaria.
Zvakabuda muongororo yekuongorora mafambiro ezvirwere zvinoratidza njodzi chaiyo inokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemalaria munzvimbo yekudzora chirwere ichi uye zvinoratidza kuti hukama huripo pakati pefivha neparasitemia hwakanyanya uye kuti anemia chinhu chinovhiringidza.
Sezvakaita neparasitaemia, kuwanda kwemarariya pakati pevana vane makore 0-10 kwaive kwakaderera zvakanyanya muIRS pane munzvimbo dzinodzora. Kuwanda kwemarariya kwakaonekwa munzvimbo dzese dziri mbiri, asi kwaive kwakaderera zvakanyanya muIRS pane munzvimbo dzinodzora (Mufananidzo 3). Kutaura zvazviri, kunyange zvazvo mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ichigara kwemakore angangoita matatu muLLINs, inogara kwemwedzi inosvika mitanhatu muIRS. Nokudaro, mishandirapamwe yeIRS inoitwa gore rega rega kuvhara kuwanda kwemarariya. Sezvakaratidzwa neKaplan-Meier survival curves (Mufananidzo 4), vana vanogara munzvimbo dzeIRS vaive nezvirwere zvishoma zvemarariya kupfuura vari munzvimbo dzinodzora. Izvi zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvakashuma kudzikira kukuru kwekuwanda kwemarariya kana IRS yakawedzerwa ikasanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa. Zvisinei, nguva shoma yekudzivirira kubva kumigumisiro yakasara yeIRS inoratidza kuti nzira iyi ingangoda kuvandudzwa nekushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inogara kwenguva refu kana kuwedzera kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwegore negore.
Musiyano mukupararira kweanemia pakati peIRS nenzvimbo dzekudzivirira, pakati pemapoka ezera akasiyana uye pakati pevatori vechikamu vane fivha uye vasina fivha zvinogona kushanda sechiratidzo chakanaka chisina kunanga chenzira yakashandiswa.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti pirimiphos-methyl IRS inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwemarariya muvana vari pasi pemakore gumi ekuberekwa munzvimbo yeKoulikoro isingarapike nepyrethroid, uye kuti vana vanogara munzvimbo dzeIRS vane mukana wekuwana malaria uye vanogara vasina malaria kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo iyi. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti pirimiphos-methyl mushonga wezvipembenene wakakodzera kudzora malariya munzvimbo dzine kusarapike nepyrethroid kwakawanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-09-2024