Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechekupa data pamusoromushonga wezvipembenenekuramba kwekuita sarudzo pane kuramba manejimendi zvirongwa muTogo.
Mamiriro ekuita kweAnopheles gambiae (SL) kumishonga yezvipembenene inoshandiswa muhutano hweveruzhinji yakaongororwa pachishandiswa WHO in vitro test protocol. Bioassays yekuramba kwepyrethroid yakaitwa zvinoenderana neCDC bhodhoro rebvunzo maprotocol. Detoxifying enzyme zviitiko zvakaedzwa uchishandisa synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, uye ethacrine. Kuzivikanwa kwemhando uye genotyping ye kdr mutation muAnopheles gambiae SL uchishandisa PCR tekinoroji.
Vagari venzvimbo yeAnopheles gambiae sl vakaratidza kubatwa nepirimiphos-methyl kuLomé, Kowie, Aniye neKpeletutu. Kufa kwaiva 90% paBayda, zvichiratidza kuti zvinogona kuramba kune pirimiphos-methyl. Kupokana neDDT, benzodicarb uye propoxur kwakanyorwa munzvimbo dzese. Mazinga akakwirira ekupikisa pyrethroids akanyorwa, ane oxidases, esterases uye glutathione-s-transferases ari iwo detoxifying enzymes anokonzera kuramba, maererano ne synergistic bvunzo. Mhuka huru dzakaonekwa ndiAnopheles gambiae (ss) uye Anopheles cruzi. Yakakwira ma frequency e kdr L1014F uye yakaderera frequency ye kdr L1014S alleles akaonekwa munzvimbo dzese.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kudiwa kwezvishandiso zvekuwedzera zvekusimbisa zvirongwa zviripo zvekudzivirira marariya (IRS neLLIN).
Kushandiswa kwezvipembenene chinhu chakakosha chemarariya vector control zvirongwa muAfrica [1]. Nekudaro, kubuda kwekupokana kune makirasi makuru ezvipembenene anoshandiswa mumubhedha wekurapa uye mukati memukati residual spraying (IRS) inoda kuti isu tifunge zvakare mashandisiro ezvigadzirwa izvi uye manejimendi ekurwisa vector [2]. Kubuda kwekurwisa zvinodhaka kwakataurwa munyika dzakasiyana muWest Africa kusanganisira Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] uye kunyanya Togo [6, 7]. Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwe synergists uye kusanganiswa kwezvipembenene kunowedzera kukanganisa kwemarariya vectors munzvimbo dzine kupikisa kwakanyanya kune pyrethroids [8, 9]. Kuti uchengetedze kusimba kwemaitiro ekudzora, kurongeka kwakarongeka kwekupikisa manejimendi mune chero vector control policy inofanirwa kutariswa [2]. Chero nyika inofanirwa kutsigira kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvekurambana kuburikidza nekuona kuramba [10]. Maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO) mazano [10], kupikisa kutonga kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemaitiro matatu-matanho anosanganisira (1) kuongororwa kwezvipembenene zvipembenene zvipembenene zvevectors, (2) kuratidzwa kwemasimba ekupikisa, uye (3) kuongororwa kwemaitiro ehupenyu, kunyanya kutarisa kushanda kwe synergist piperon (BOYL). MuTogo, danho rekutanga, kuongororwa kwenzvimbo yezvipembenene zvemalariya vectors, inoitwa makore maviri kusvika matatu ega ega munzvimbo dzevarindi dzeNational Malaria Control Program (NMCP). Simba rekupikisa uye kushanda kwematanho maviri ekupedzisira (kureva, iyo potentiators piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S, S, S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), uye ethacrynic acid (EA)) haina kuongororwa zvakanyanya.
Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechekugadzirisa zvinhu zvitatu izvi uye kupa NMCP data rakavimbika rekuita sarudzo pamusoro pekuramba kutonga muTogo.
Ongororo iyi yakaitwa kubva muna Chikumi kusvika Gunyana 2021 panzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzeNMCP dzevarindi mumatunhu matatu ehutano kumaodzanyemba kweTogo (Mufananidzo 1). Nzvimbo shanu dzeNMCP dzekutarisa dzakasarudzwa kuti dzitariswe zvichienderana nekwadziri (nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehutsanana) uye hunhu hwezvakatipoteredza (huwandu hwemavekita, nzvimbo dzekugara dzemapunya): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère neKpeletoutou (Table 1).
Ongororo iyi inoratidza kuti mosquito dzemuno dzeAnopheles gambiae kuchamhembe kweTogo dzinoshingirira mishonga mikuru yehutano hweveruzhinji, kunze kwepirimiphos-methyl. Mazinga epamusoro ekupikisa kwepyrethroid akaonekwa panzvimbo yekudzidza, zvichida yakabatanidzwa ne detoxifying enzymes (oxidases, esterases uye glutathione-s-transferases). Kuchinja kwe kdr L1014F kwakaonekwa mumhando mbiri dzehanzvadzi Anopheles gambiae ss neAnopheles kruzi dzine musiyano asi wakakwira allele frequencies (> 0.50), nepo kdr L1014S shanduko yakaitika panguva yakaderera zvakanyanya uye yakawanikwa chete muAnopheles cruzi mosquitoes. The synergists PBO uye EA zvishoma zvakadzoreredza kusanzwisiswa kune pyrethroids uye organochlorines, zvichiteerana, kunzvimbo dzese, nepo DEF yakawedzera kukanganisa kune carbamates uye organophosphates munzvimbo dzese kunze kweAnye. Idzi data rinogona kubatsira Togolese National Malaria Control Chirongwa kugadzira mamwe maitiro anoshanda ekudzora mavheti.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2024