Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechekupa ruzivo pamusoro pemushonga wezvipembenenekuramba kuita sarudzo pazvirongwa zvekugadzirisa kudzvinyirirwa muTogo.
Kugona kweAnopheles gambiae (SL) kubatwa nemishonga yezvipembenene inoshandiswa muhutano hweveruzhinji kwakaongororwa uchishandisa WHO in vitro test protocol. Kuongororwa kwebioassays kwekusagona kwepyrethroid kwakaitwa zvichienderana neCDC bottle test protocols. Kubvisa chepfu muma enzymes kwakaedzwa uchishandisa synergists piperonyl butoxide, SSS-phosphorothioate, uye ethacrine. Kuzivikanwa kwemarudzi akasiyana uye genotyping ye kdr mutation mu Anopheles gambiae SL uchishandisa PCR technology.
Huwandu hwevanhu vemuno veAnopheles gambiae sl hwakaratidza kuti hunogona kubatwa nepirimiphos-methyl kuLomé, Kowie, Aniye neKpeletutu. Huwandu hwevanhu vakafa hwaive 90% kuBayda, zvichiratidza kuti panogona kunge paine kusawirirana nepirimiphos-methyl. Kuramba kuDDT, benzodicarb nepropoxur kwakanyorwa munzvimbo dzese. Kuramba kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nepyrethroids kwakanyorwa, uye maoxidases, esterases neglutathione-s-transferases ndiwo maenzymes anobvisa huturu anokonzera kusawirirana, zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwe synergistic. Mhando huru dzakawanikwa dzaive Anopheles gambiae (ss) neAnopheles cruzi. Kuramba kwakanyanya kwekdr L1014F uye kunonoka kwakaderera kwekdr L1014S alleles kwakaonekwa munzvimbo dzese.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kudiwa kwezvimwe zvishandiso zvekusimbisa nzira dziripo dzekudzivirira malaria dzinoshandisa zvipembenene (IRS neLLIN).
Kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene chikamu chakakosha chezvirongwa zvekudzora marariya muAfrica [1]. Zvisinei, kubuda kwekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene mumapoka makuru emishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa mukurapa mambure emubhedha uye kupfapfaidza mumba (IRS) kunoda kuti tifungezve nezvekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa izvi uye manejimendi yekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene [2]. Kubuda kwekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene kwakashumwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana muWest Africa dzinosanganisira Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali [3, 4, 5] uye kunyanya Togo [6, 7]. Zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kunowedzera mukana wekuti zvipembenene zvemarariya zvipararire munzvimbo dzine kusagona kurwisa zvipembenene zvakanyanya [8, 9]. Kuti nzira dzekudzora dzirambe dzakasimba, kubatanidzwa kwakarongeka kwekutonga kusagona kurwisa zvipembenene mune chero mutemo wekudzora zvipembenene kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvawo [2]. Chero nyika inofanira kutsigira kuiswa kwezvirongwa zvekudzora kusagona kurwisa zvipembenene kuburikidza nekuona kusagona kurwisa zvipembenene [10]. Sekureva kwezvinokurudzirwa neWorld Health Organization (WHO) [10], kutonga kwekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene kunosanganisira kushandisa nzira ine matanho matatu anosanganisira (1) kuongorora mamiriro ekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene mumavectors, (2) kutsanangurwa kwesimba rekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene, uye (3) kuongorora mashandiro emuviri, kunyanya kutarisisa kushanda kwe synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). MuTogo, danho rekutanga, kuongorora mamiriro ekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene mumavectors emalaria, kunoitwa makore ese maviri kusvika matatu munzvimbo dzeNational Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). Simba rekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene uye kushanda kwematanho maviri ekupedzisira (kureva, potentiators piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl trisulfate phosphate (DEF), uye ethacrynic acid (EA)) hazvina kudzidzwa zvakanyanya.
Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechekutarisa zvinhu zvitatu izvi uye kupa NMCP ruzivo rwakavimbika rwekuita sarudzo pamusoro pekugadzirisa kusawirirana muTogo.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa kubva muna Chikumi kusvika Gunyana 2021 panzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzeNMCP varindi munzvimbo nhatu dzehutano kumaodzanyemba kweTogo (Mufananidzo 1). Nzvimbo shanu dzekutarisa NMCP dzakasarudzwa kuti dzitariswe zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzadzo (nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehutsanana) uye hunhu hwenzvimbo (huwandu hwezvipembenene, nzvimbo dzinogara dzichiberekera makonye): Lomé, Bayda, Kowie, Anyère neKpeletoutou (Tafura 1).
Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti huwandu hweumhutu hweAnopheles gambiae kumaodzanyemba kweTogo hahuna simba rekurwisa mishonga yakawanda yezvipembenene, kunze kwepirimiphos-methyl. Huwandu hwakawanda hwekudzivirira kwepyrethroid hwakaonekwa panzvimbo yekudzidza, pamwe hwakabatana nekubvisa chepfu muma enzymes (oxidases, esterases uye glutathione-s-transferases). Kuchinja kwe kdr L1014F kwakaonekwa mumarudzi maviri ehukama Anopheles gambiae ss naAnopheles kruzi ane ma frequency akasiyana asi akakwira (>0.50), nepo kuchinja kwe kdr L1014S kwakaitika pa frequency yakaderera zvikuru uye kwakawanikwa chete muumhutu hweAnopheles cruzi. Synergists PBO na EA vakadzorera zvishoma mukana we pyrethroids ne organochlorines, zvakateerana, panzvimbo dzese, nepo DEF yakawedzera mukana we carbamates ne organophosphates panzvimbo dzese kunze kweAnye. Ruzivo urwu runogona kubatsira Togolese National Malaria Control Program kugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira vector.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2024