Kupinda kweAnopheles stephensi muEthiopia kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemarariya munharaunda iyi. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa chimiro chekudzivirira zvipembenene uye chimiro chehuwandu hweAnopheles stephensi chakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura muFike, Ethiopia kwakakosha kutungamira kudzora zvipembenene kuti kumise kupararira kwerudzi urwu rwemarariya munyika. Mushure mekuongororwa kwezvipembenene kweAnopheles stephensi muFike, Somali Region, Ethiopia, takasimbisa kuvapo kweAnopheles stephensi muFike padanho remaumbirwo uye remamorekuru. Kutsanangurwa kwenzvimbo dzinogara makonye uye kuyedzwa kwekusagona zvipembenene kwakaratidza kuti A. fixini yaiwanzo kuwanikwa mumidziyo yekugadzira uye yaisagona kuuraya zvipembenene zvakawanda zvakakura zvakaedzwa (organophosphates, carbamates,pyrethroids) kunze kwepirimiphos-methyl nePBO-pyrethroid. Zvisinei, matanho egonyeti asati akura aibatwa netemephos. Kuongororwa kwakaitwazve kwekuenzanisa genomic ongororo nemarudzi ekare eAnopheles stephensi. Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hweAnopheles stephensi muEthiopia uchishandisa 1704 biallelic SNPs kwakaratidza hukama hwemajini pakati pehuwandu hweA. fixais neAnopheles stephensi pakati nepakati nekumabvazuva kweEthiopia, kunyanya A. jiggigas. Zvatakawana pamusoro pehunhu hwekudzivirira zvipembenene pamwe nenhamba dzinogona kuwanikwa dzeAnopheles fixini zvinogona kubatsira mukugadzira nzira dzekudzivirira chirwere ichi chemalaria munzvimbo dzeFike neJigjiga kuti chisapararire kubva munzvimbo idzi mbiri kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika uye muAfrica yese.
Kunzwisisa nzvimbo dzekuberekera umhutu nemamiriro ekunze kwakakosha pakugadzira nzira dzekudzivirira umhutu dzakadai sekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene (temephos) uye kudzora nharaunda (kubvisa nzvimbo dzinogara mhutu). Pamusoro pezvo, World Health Organization inokurudzira kutonga mhutu seimwe yenzira dzekudzora zvakananga Anopheles stephensi munzvimbo dzemaguta nedziri pedyo nemaguta munzvimbo dzine utachiona. 15 Kana sosi yematumbu isingakwanise kubviswa kana kuderedzwa (semuenzaniso nzvimbo dzemvura dzemumba kana dzemumaguta), kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kunogona kufungwa nezvayo. Zvisinei, nzira iyi yekudzora mhutu inodhura pakurapa nzvimbo huru dzinogara mhutu. 19 Naizvozvo, kunanga nzvimbo dzakati uko umhutu hukuru huripo hwakawanda ndeimwe nzira inoshanda. 19 Naizvozvo, kuona kuti Anopheles stephensi muFik City anogona kubatwa nemishonga yezvipembenene yakaita setemephos kunogona kubatsira pakusarudza nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene zvemalaria zvinopinda muFik City.
Pamusoro pezvo, ongororo ye genomic inogona kubatsira kugadzira mamwe maitiro ekudzora ma Anopheles stephensi achangobva kuwanikwa. Kunyanya, kuongorora kusiyana kwemajini uye chimiro chehuwandu hweAnopheles stephensi uye kuvaenzanisa nehuwandu huripo munharaunda iyi kunogona kupa ruzivo rwenhoroondo yevanhu vavo, maitiro ekupararira, uye huwandu hwevanhu vanogona kuwanikwa.
Saka, gore rimwe chete mushure mekuonekwa kwekutanga kweAnopheles stephensi muguta reFike, mudunhu reSomalia, kuEthiopia, takaita ongororo yezvipembenene kuti titange taziva nzvimbo inogara mabuu eAnopheles stephensi uye kuona kuti anonzwa sei nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, kusanganisira larvicide temephos. Mushure mekuzivikanwa kwechimiro, takaita ongororo yemakemikari emuviri uye takashandisa nzira dzemajini kuti tiongorore nhoroondo yevanhu uye chimiro chevanhu veAnopheles stephensi muguta reFike. Takaenzanisa chimiro ichi chevanhu nenhamba dzeAnopheles stephensi dzakamboonekwa kumabvazuva kweEthiopia kuti tione kuti dzakapararira sei muguta reFike. Takaongororazve hukama hwavo hwemajini nevanhu ava kuti tione kuti vangangove vari kupi munharaunda iyi.
Iyo synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) yakaedzwa pamishonga miviri yepyrethroids (deltamethrin nepermethrin) paAnopheles stephensi. Iyo synergistic test yakaitwa neumhutu hwakatanga kupararira pa4% PBO bepa kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu. Umhutu hwakazoendeswa kumachubhu ane pyrethroid yakanangana nawo kwemaminitsi makumi matanhatu uye mukana wahwo wakazoonekwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neWHO zvekufa zvatsanangurwa pamusoro apa24.
Kuti tiwane rumwe ruzivo rwakadzama nezvenzvimbo dzinogona kuwanikwa dzehuwandu hweFiq Anopheles stephensi, takaita ongororo yenetwork tichishandisa data rakabatanidzwa reSNP kubva kuFiq sequences (n = 20) uye Genbank yakaburitsa Anopheles stephensi sequences kubva kunzvimbo gumi dzakasiyana kumabvazuva kweEthiopia (n = 183, Samake et al. 29). Takashandisa EDENetworks41, iyo inobvumira ongororo yenetwork yakavakirwa pamatanho e genetic distance pasina fungidziro dze priori. Network iyi ine ma nodes anomiririra mapoka akabatana nema edges/links akaremerwa neReynolds genetic distance (D)42 zvichibva paFst, iyo inopa simba rekubatana pakati pema pears e populations41. Kana mupendero/link yacho yakakora, hukama hwema genetic pakati pemapoka maviri aya hwakasimba. Uyezve, saizi ye node inoenderana ne cumulative weighted edge links dzehuwandu hwega hwega. Naizvozvo, kana node yakakura, ndipo panosvika hub kana convergence point yekubatana. Kukosha kwenhamba dzema nodes kwakaongororwa uchishandisa 1000 bootstrap replicates. Manodhi ari kuoneka muzvinyorwa zvishanu ne1 zvepamusoro zvepakati pepfungwa (BC) (nhamba yenzira pfupi dzemajini dzinopfuura nepanodhi) anogona kunzi akakosha muhuwandu hwemasvomhu43.
Tinoshuma nezvekuvapo kweAn. stephensi yakawanda munguva yemvura (Chivabvu-Chikumi 2022) muFike, Somali Region, Ethiopia. Pamakonzo eAnopheles anopfuura 3,500 akaunganidzwa, ose akarerwa uye akazivikanwa seAnopheles stephensi. Kuzivikanwa kwemamorekuru eboka remakonzo uye kumwe kuongorora kwemamorekuru kwakasimbisawo kuti sampuro yakadzidzwa yaive yeAnopheles stephensi. Nzvimbo dzese dzemakonzo eAn. stephensi dzakawanikwa dzaive nzvimbo dzekuberekera dzekugadzira dzakadai semadziva akafukidzwa nepurasitiki, matangi emvura akavharwa uye akavhurika, uye mabara, izvo zvinoenderana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemakonzo eAn. stephensi dzakataurwa kumabvazuva kweEthiopia45. Chokwadi chekuti makonzo emamwe marudzi eAn. stephensi akaunganidzwa chinoratidza kuti An. stephensi inogona kurarama mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura muFike15, iyo inowanzosiyana neAn. arabiensis, chirwere chikuru chemalaria muEthiopia46,47. Zvisinei, muKenya, mabuu eAnopheles stephensi… akawanikwa mumidziyo yekugadzira uye munzvimbo dziri pedyo nerwizi48, zvichiratidza kusiyana kwenzvimbo dzemabuu aya eAnopheles stephensi, izvo zvine zvazvinoreva pakuongorora kwezvirwere zvemabuu aya emalaria muEthiopia neAfrica mune ramangwana.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuwanda kweumhutu hunotapurirana malaria hunopararira muFickii, nzvimbo dzahwo dzinogara matumbu, mamiriro ekudzivirira zvipembenene kuvanhu vakuru nehonye, kusiyana kwemajini, chimiro chehuwandu hwevanhu uye huwandu hwevanhu vanogona kupararira. Zvakabuda muongororo yedu zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hweAnopheles fickii hwaibatwa nepirimiphos-methyl, PBO-pyrethrin uye temetafos. B1 Saka, mishonga iyi yezvipembenene inogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira muzvirongwa zvekudzora chirwere ichi chemalaria chinopararira munharaunda yeFickii. Takaonawo kuti huwandu hweAnopheles fik hwaive nehukama hwemajini nenzvimbo mbiri huru dzeAnopheles kumabvazuva kweEthiopia, dzinoti Jig Jiga naDire Dawa, uye hwaive hwakabatana zvakanyanya neJig Jiga. Nokudaro, kusimbisa kudzora zvipembenene munzvimbo idzi kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kupinda kweumhutu hweAnopheles muFike nedzimwe nzvimbo. Mukupedzisa, chidzidzo ichi chinopa nzira yakakwana yekudzidza nezvekupararira kweAnopheles munguva pfupi yapfuura. Chirwere cheStephenson's stem borer chiri kuwedzerwa kunzvimbo itsva kuti chione kuti chakapararira zvakadii, kuongorora kushanda kwemishonga yezvipembenene, uye kuona huwandu hwevanhu vanogona kupararira kuti vadzivise kupararira kwacho.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-19-2025