Kupinda kweAnopheles stephensi muEthiopia kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwechirwere chemalaria mudunhu. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa kusamira kwezvipembenene uye chimiro chehuwandu hweAnopheles stephensi ichangobva kuwanikwa kuFike, Ethiopia kwakakosha kutungamira kudzora hutachiona kumisa kupararira kwerudzi urwu rwemalaria munyika. Tichitevera kuongororwa kwezvipembenene zveAnopheles stephensi muFike, Somali Region, Ethiopia, takasimbisa kuvapo kweAnopheles stephensi muFike pamazinga emorphological uye molecular. Hunhu hwenzvimbo dzinogara makonye uye kuongororwa kwezvipembenene zvakaratidza kuti A. fixini yainyanya kuwanikwa mumagaba ekugadzira uye yaishingirira kumishonga yakawanda yezvipembenene yevakuru yakaedzwa (organophosphates, carbamates,pyrethroids) kunze kwepirimiphos-methyl uye PBO-pyrethroid. Zvisineyi, nhanho dzemalarval dzisati dzakura dzakabatwa ne temephos. Kuwedzera kuenzanisa genomic ongororo yakaitwa nemhando yapfuura Anopheles stephensi. Ongororo yehuwandu hweAnopheles stephensi muEthiopia vachishandisa 1704 biallelic SNPs yakaburitsa genetic link pakati peA. fixais neAnopheles stephensi vanhu vari nechepakati nekumabvazuva kweEthiopia, kunyanya A. jiggigas. Zvatikawana pamaitiro ekuramba tumbuyu pamwe chete nezvinobvira vanhu veAnopheles fixini zvinogona kubatsira mukugadzira nzira dzekudzora chirwere chemalaria munharaunda yeFike neJigjiga kuderedza kupararira kwayo kubva kumatunhu maviri aya kuenda kune mamwe matunhu enyika uye muAfrica yose.
Kunzwisisa nzvimbo dzekuberekera mosquito uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza zvakakosha pakugadzira nzira dzekudzivirira umhutu dzakadai sekushandisa larvicides (temephos) uye kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza (kubvisa nzvimbo dzekugara). Pamusoro pezvo, World Health Organisation inokurudzira kudzorwa kwemakonye seimwe yenzira dzekudzora zvakananga Anopheles stephensi munzvimbo dzemumaguta uye dziri pedyo neguta munzvimbo dzine utachiona. 15 Kana tsime remakonye risingakwanisi kubviswa kana kuderedzwa (semuenzaniso madhirimu emvura emudzimba kana emumaguta), kushandiswa kwemishonga yerukova kunogona kutariswa. Nekudaro, iyi nzira yekudzora vheji inodhura kana uchirapa nzvimbo dzakakura dzemakonye. 19 Naizvozvo, kunanga nzvimbo dzokugara chaidzo uko umhutu hwakura huripo munhamba huru ndeimwe nzira isingadhuri. 19 Naizvozvo, kuona mukana weAnopheles stephensi muFik City kumishonga yekuuraya tumbuyu yakaita setemephos kunogona kubatsira kuzivisa sarudzo pakugadzira nzira dzekudzora hutachiona hwemarariya muFik City.
Mukuwedzera, kuongorora genomic kunogona kubatsira kukudziridza mamwe maitiro ekutonga kune achangowanikwa Anopheles stephensi. Kunyanya, kuongorora kusiyana kwemajini uye chimiro chehuwandu hwevanhu veAnopheles stephensi uye kuvaenzanisa nevanhu varipo munharaunda iyi kunogona kupa ruzivo munhoroondo yavo yehuwandu hwevanhu, kupararira kwavo, uye vangangove vagari venzvimbo.
Saka, rimwe gore pashure pekuonekwa kweAnopheles stephensi kekutanga mutaundi reFike, mudunhu reSomalia, kuEthiopia, takaita ongororo yezvipembenene kuti titange taziva panogara makonye anonzi Anopheles stephensi uye kuona kuti anonzwa sei kune mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, kusanganisira yelarvicide temephos. Tichitevera morphological identification, takaita molecular biological verification uye takashandisa nzira dzegenomic kuongorora nhoroondo yevanhu uye chimiro chehuwandu hweAnopheles stephensi muguta reFike. Takaenzanisa chimiro chevanhu ichi nechakamboonekwa kuti Anopheles stephensi vanhu vari kumabvazuva kweEthiopia kuti tizive kukura kwayakaitwa muguta reFike. Isu takaongororazve hukama hwavo hwemajini kune vanhu ava kuti vaone kuti vangangove varipi munharaunda.
Iyo synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) yakaedzwa inopesana nemapyrethroids maviri (deltamethrin uye permethrin) pamusoro peAnopheles stephensi. Iyo synergistic test yakaitwa nekufanofumura umhutu kune 4% PBO bepa kwemaminetsi makumi matanhatu. Umhutu hwakabva hwaendeswa kumachubhu ane chinangwa chepyrethroid kwemaminetsi makumi matanhatu uye kugona kwavo kwakatemwa maererano neiyo WHO kufa kwemaitiro anotsanangurwa pamusoro24.
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekugona kunobva vagari veFiq Anopheles stephensi vanhu, takaita ongororo yetiweki tichishandisa dataset yakasanganiswa biallelic SNP kubva kuFiq sequences (n = 20) uye Genbank yakaburitsa Anopheles stephensi sequences kubva kunzvimbo gumi dzakasiyana kumabvazuva kweEthiopia (n = 183, Samake et al. 29). Takashandisa EDENetworks41, iyo inobvumira kuongororwa kwetiweki zvichienderana nemajini kureba matrices pasina fungidziro yekutanga. Iyo network ine node dzinomiririra huwandu hwevanhu vakabatanidzwa nemicheto/zvisungo zvakayerwa neReynolds genetic distance (D)42 zvichibva paFst, iyo inopa simba rekubatana pakati pezviviri zvevanhu41. Iko kukora mupendero / chinongedzo, ndiko kusimba kwehukama hwemajini pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu vaviri. Uyezve, saizi yenode inoenzanirana neaya akaremerwa edge malink ehuwandu hwega hwega. Naizvozvo, iyo yakakura node, iyo yakakwirira hub kana convergence poindi yekubatanidza. Kukosha kwehuwandu hwemanodhi kwakaongororwa uchishandisa 1000 bootstrap replicates. Node dzinoonekwa mumusoro 5 uye 1 rondedzero yepakati pepakati (BC) kukosha (nhamba yepfupi nzira dzemajini kuburikidza nenode) inogona kutariswa manhamba43.
Isu tinoshuma kuvapo kwaAn. stephensi muhuwandu mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura (Chivabvu-Chikumi 2022) muFike, Somali Region, Ethiopia. Pamakonye eAnopheles anopfuura 3 500 akaunganidzwa, ose akarerwa uye akazivikanwa seAnopheles stephensi. Kuzivikanwa kwema molecular kwechikamu chemakonye uye kumwe kuongorora kwema molecular kwakaratidzawo kuti muenzaniso wakadzidzwa ndewaAnopheles stephensi. Zvese zvakaziviswa An. stephensi larval nzvimbo dzaive nzvimbo dzekuberekesa dzakaita semadziva akaiswa mapurasitiki, matangi emvura akavharwa uye akavhurika, nemadhiramu, anowirirana nemamwe maAn. stephensi larval nzvimbo dzakataurwa kumabvazuva kweEthiopia45. Icho chokwadi chekuti makonye emamwe An. stephensi marudzi akaunganidzwa anoratidza kuti An. stephensi inogona kupona mwaka wakaoma muFike15, iyo inowanzosiyana neAn. arabiensis, iyo huru marariya vector muEthiopia46,47. Zvakadaro, kuKenya, Anopheles stephensi… makonye akawanikwa mumagaba ekugadzira uye munzvimbo dzine streambed48, zvichiratidza mukana wekugara kwakasiyana-siyana kweaya anoparadza Anopheles stephensi makonye, izvo zvine zvazvinoreva kune ramangwana rekuongorora kweiyo entomological yeiyi inoparadza marariya vector muEthiopia neAfrica.
Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuwanda kweumhutu hunotapurira marariya Anopheles muFickii, kwadzinogara makonye, kurwisa zvipembenene kwevanhu vakuru nemakonye, kusiyana-siyana kwemajini, chimiro chehuwandu hwevanhu uye kunobva huwandu hwevanhu. Zvatakawana zvakaratidza kuti vanhu veAnopheles fickii vaigona kubatwa nepirimiphos-methyl, PBO-pyrethrin uye temetafos. B1 Saka, izvi zvipembenene zvinogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira mukudzora nzira dzeiyi invasive malaria vector mudunhu reFickii. Takaonawo kuti vanhu veAnopheles fik vaiva neukama hwemagene nedzimba mbiri dzeAnopheles dziri kumabvazuva kweEthiopia, dzinoti Jig Jiga neDire Dawa, uye dzainge dzakanyanya hukama neJig Jiga. Naizvozvo, kusimbisa kudzora utachiona munzvimbo idzi kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kupindira kweAnopheles mosquito muFike nedzimwe nzvimbo. Mukupedzisa, chidzidzo ichi chinopa nzira yakazara yekudzidza kwezvino kubuda kweAnopheles. Stephenson's stem borer iri kukwidziridzwa kunzvimbo nyowani kuti ione kupararira kwayo, kuongorora kushanda kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, uye kuona zvingangobva kune vanhu kudzivirira kuwedzera kupararira.
Nguva yekutumira: May-19-2025