Marariya ichiri chikonzero chikuru cherufu nezvirwere muAfrica, ine mutoro mukuru pakati pevana vari pasi pemakore mashanu. Nzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekudzivirira chirwere ichi zvipembenene zvinouraya zvipembenene zvinorwisa umhutu hweAnopheles. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwakapararira kwemishonga iyi, kuramba mishonga yezvipembenene inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kwapararira muAfrica yese. Kunzwisisa nzira dziripo dzinoita kuti pave nechirwere ichi kwakakosha kuti uongorore kupararira kwekurapwa kwechirwere uye kugadzira maturusi matsva ekuchikunda.
Muchidzidzo ichi, takaenzanisa kuumbwa kwezvipembenene zvinorwisa zvipembenene zveAnopheles gambiae, Anopheles cruzi, uye Anopheles arabiensis kubva kuBurkina Faso pamwe chete nezvipembenene zvinorwisa zvipembenene, zvinobvawo kuEthiopia.
Hatina kuwana musiyano muhuwandu hwe microbiota pakati pemishonga isingaurayi zvipembenene uyemushonga wezvipembenene-huwandu hwevanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi muBurkina Faso. Mhedzisiro iyi yakasimbiswa neongororo dzemurabhoritari dzemakoloni anobva kunyika mbiri dzeBurkina Faso. Kusiyana neizvi, muumhutu hweAnopheles arabiensis kubva kuEthiopia, musiyano wakajeka muhuwandu hwe microbiota wakaonekwa pakati pehuya hwakafa nehuya hwakapona pakurwisa zvipembenene. Kuti tiongorore zvakanyanya kuramba kwehuwandu hwehuya hweAnopheles arabiensis, takaita RNA sequencing uye takawana kusiyana kwezviratidzo zvemajini ekubvisa detoxification ane chekuita nekusagona kuuraya zvipembenene, pamwe nekuchinja kwenzira dzekufema, metabolic, uye synaptic ion.
Zvakabuda muongororo yedu zvinoratidza kuti mune dzimwe nguva microbiota inogona kubatsira mukukura kwekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene, pamwe nekuchinja kwetranscriptome.
Kunyangwe kuramba kwemishonga kuchiwanzotsanangurwa sechikamu chemajini cheAnopheles vector, zvidzidzo zvechangobva kuitwa zvakaratidza kuti microbiome inochinja kana yasangana nezvipembenene, zvichiratidza basa rezvipembenene izvi mukurwisa. Zvechokwadi, zvidzidzo zveAnopheles gambiae mosquito vectors muSouth neCentral America zvakaratidza shanduko huru mu epidermal microbiome mushure mekusangana nepyrethroids, pamwe neshanduko mu microbiome yese mushure mekusangana ne organophosphates. MuAfrica, kuramba kwepyrethroid kwakabatana neshanduko mukugadzirwa kwe microbiota muCameroon, Kenya, neCôte d'Ivoire, nepo Anopheles gambiae yakagadziriswa murabhoritari yakaratidza shanduko mu microbiota yavo mushure mekusarudzwa kwekurapwa kwepyrethroid. Uyezve, kurapwa kwekuyedza nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye kuwedzerwa kwebhakitiriya inozivikanwa mu Anopheles arabiensis mosquito dzakaiswa murabhoritari kwakaratidza kushivirira kwakanyanya ku pyrethroids. Pamwe chete, data iri rinoratidza kuti kuramba kwemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya kunogona kunge kwakabatana ne mosquito microbiome uye kuti chikamu ichi chekuramba kwemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya chinogona kushandiswa kudzora zvirwere.
Muchidzidzo ichi, takashandisa 16S sequencing kuti tione kana microbiota yeumhutu hwakatorwa murabhoritari nehwakaunganidzwa mumunda muWest neEast Africa yakasiyana pakati peiyo yakapona neiyo yakafa mushure mekusangana nepyrethroid deltamethrin. Panyaya yekurapwa kwezvipembenene, kuenzanisa microbiota kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeAfrica nemarudzi akasiyana uye mwero wekurapwa kunogona kubatsira kunzwisisa kukanganisa kwenharaunda panharaunda dzehutachiona. Makoroni erabhoritari aibva kuBurkina Faso uye akarerwa mumarabhoritari maviri akasiyana eEurope (An. coluzzii muGermany neAn. arabiensis muUnited Kingdom), umhutu hwaibva kuBurkina Faso hwaimiririra marudzi ese matatu eAn. gambiae species complex, uye umhutu hwaibva kuEthiopia hwaimiririra An. arabiensis. Pano, tinoratidza kuti Anopheles arabiensis kubva kuEthiopia aive nezviratidzo zvakasiyana zve microbiota muumhutu mhenyu nehwakafa, nepo Anopheles arabiensis kubva kuBurkina Faso nemarabhoritari maviri asina. Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndechekuenderera mberi nekuferefeta kuramba kwezvipembenene. Takaita RNA sequencing pahuwandu hweAnopheles arabiensis uye takaona kuti majini ane chekuita nekusagona kuuraya zvipembenene akawedzera, nepo majini ane chekuita nekufema aiwanzo shandurwa. Kubatanidzwa kwedata iri neboka rechipiri revanhu vanobva kuEthiopia kwakaratidza majini akakosha ekubvisa tsvina mumuviri munharaunda iyi. Kuenzanisa kwakawanda neAnopheles arabiensis anobva kuBurkina Faso kwakaratidza mutsauko mukuru munhoroondo dzetranscriptome, asi takaona majini mana akakosha ekubvisa tsvina mumuviri ainyanya kutaurwa muAfrica yese.
Umhutu mhenyu nehwakafa hwemhando yega yega kubva munzvimbo yega yega hwakazorongwa uchishandisa 16S sequencing uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwakaverengerwa. Hapana musiyano mukusiyana kwealpha wakaonekwa, zvichiratidza kuti hapana musiyano mukupfuma kwe operational taxonomic unit (OTU); zvisinei, kusiyana kwe beta kwakasiyana zvakanyanya pakati penyika, uye mazwi ekudyidzana kwenyika uye mamiriro ehupenyu/vakafa (PANOVA = 0.001 na 0.008, zvichiteerana) zvakaratidza kuti kusiyana kwaivapo pakati pezvinhu izvi. Hapana musiyano mukusiyana kwe beta wakaonekwa pakati penyika, zvichiratidza kusiyana kwakafanana pakati pemapoka. Bray-Curtis multivariate scaling plot (Mufananidzo 2A) yakaratidza kuti sampuro dzaive dzakaparadzaniswa zvakanyanya nenzvimbo, asi paive nezvimwe zvisingazivikanwe. Sampuro dzinoverengeka kubva munharaunda yeAn. arabiensis uye sampuro imwe kubva munharaunda yeAn. coluzzii dzakafanana ne sampuro kubva kuBurkina Faso, nepo sampuro imwe kubva kuAn. arabiensis sampuro kubva kuBurkina Faso yakasanganiswa ne sampuro yenharaunda yeAn. arabiensis, izvo zvinogona kuratidza kuti microbiota yekutanga yakachengetedzwa zvisina tsarukano kwezvizvarwa zvakawanda uye munzvimbo dzakawanda. Sampuro dzeBurkina Faso hadzina kuparadzaniswa zvakajeka nemarudzi; Kusasarurana uku kwaitarisirwa sezvo vanhu vakazobatanidzwa pasinei nekuti vakabva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemakonzo. Zvechokwadi, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kugovana nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza panguva yemvura kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuumbwa kwe microbiota [50]. Zvinofadza kuti, kunyange zvazvo sampuro dzeumhutu dzeBurkina Faso nenharaunda dzisina kuratidza mutsauko mukupona kana kufa kweumhutu mushure mekusangana nezvipembenene, sampuro dzeEthiopia dzakaparadzaniswa zvakajeka, zvichiratidza kuti kuumbwa kwe microbiota musampuli idzi dzeAnopheles kwakabatana nekusagona kuuraya zvipembenene. Sampuro dzakatorwa kubva panzvimbo imwe chete, izvo zvinogona kutsanangura hukama hwakasimba.
Kuramba mishonga yezvipembenene inonzi pyrethroid imhando yakaoma, uye kunyange hazvo shanduko mumetabolism uye zvinangwa zvichidzidzwa zvakanaka, shanduko mu microbiota dziri kutanga kuongororwa. Muchidzidzo ichi, tinoratidza kuti shanduko mu microbiota dzinogona kuve dzakakosha mune mamwe marudzi evanhu; tinowedzera kuratidza kusakwanisa kuuraya zvipembenene muAnopheles arabiensis kubva kuBahir Dar uye tinoratidza shanduko muzvinyorwa zvinozivikanwa zvine chekuita nekusagona kuuraya, pamwe neshanduko huru mumajini ane chekuita nekufema ayo akaonekwawo muchidzidzo cheRNA-seq chekare cheAnopheles arabiensis kubva kuEthiopia. Pamwe chete, mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti kusagona kuuraya zvipembenene muumhutu uhu kunogona kutsamira pakusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvemajini nezvisiri zvemajini, pamwe nekuti hukama hwekubatana nemabhakitiriya emuno hunogona kuwedzera kudzikira kwezvipembenene mumapoka ane mwero wakaderera wekusagona kuuraya.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakabatanidza kuwedzera kwekufema nekusagona kuuraya zvipembenene, zvichienderana nemashoko akapfuma eBahir Dar RNAseq uye data rakabatanidzwa reEthiopian rakawanikwa pano; zvakare zvichiratidza kuti kusagona kufema kunokonzera kuwedzera kwekufema, kungave sechikonzero kana mhedzisiro yeiyi phenotype. Kana shanduko idzi dzikatungamira kune mutsauko mu reactive oxygen uye nitrogen species potential, sezvakambotaurwa, izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kugona kwevector uye colonization ye microbial kuburikidza nekusiyana kwekusagona bhakitiriya kuROS snaving ne long commensal bacteria.
Data rakapihwa pano rinopa humbowo hwekuti microbiota inogona kukanganisa kusabatwa kwezvipembenene munzvimbo dzakati. Takaratidzawo kuti umhutu hweAn. arabiensis muEthiopia hunoratidza shanduko dzakafanana dze transcriptome dzinopa kusabatwa kwezvipembenene; zvisinei, huwandu hwemajini anoenderana neaya ari muBurkina Faso hushoma. Kuchenjerera kwakawanda kuchiripo maererano nemhedziso dzakasvikwa pano uye mune dzimwe ongororo. Chekutanga, hukama hwechikonzero pakati pekurarama kwepyrethroid ne microbiota hunofanirwa kuratidzwa uchishandisa zvidzidzo zve metabolomic kana kuisirwa kwe microbiota. Pamusoro pezvo, kusimbiswa kwevakakosha mumapoka akasiyana-siyana kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana kunofanirwa kuratidzwa. Chekupedzisira, kubatanidza data re transcriptome nedata re microbiota kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zve post-plantation zvichapa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekuti microbiota inopesvedzera zvakananga transcriptome yeumhutu maererano nekusabatwa kwepyrethroid. Zvisinei, kana zvabatanidzwa, data redu rinoratidza kuti kusabatwa kwezvipembenene kuri kwemuno uye kwepasi rose, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwekuyedza zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvezvipembenene munzvimbo dzakawanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-24-2025