Kutsvaga imwe nzira kune neonicotinoid pesticides?Alejandro Calixto, director weCornell University's Integrated Pest Management Programme, akagovera nzwisiso parwendo rwechirimo rwechirimo rwakaitwa neNew York Corn and Soybean Growers Association paRodman Lott & Sons Farm.
"Integrated pest management is a science-based strategy inotarisa pakudzivirira kwenguva refu kwezvipembenene kuitika kana kukanganisa kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwemaitiro," akadaro Calixto.
Anoona purazi senzvimbo yakabatana nenharaunda, nzvimbo imwe neimwe ichipesvedzera imwe.Asi iyi haisiwo mhinduro inokurumidza.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko ezvipembenene kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwezvipembenene zvinotora nguva, akadaro.Kana dambudziko chairo ragadziriswa, basa hariperi.
Chii chinonzi IPM?Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira maitiro ekurima, genetics, makemikari uye biological control, uye pekugara.Maitiro acho anotanga nekuona tumbuyu, kutarisa uye kufanotaura tupukanana idzo, kusarudza nzira yeIPM, uye kuongorora mhedzisiro yezviito izvi.
Calixto akadaidza vanhu veIPM vaaishanda navo, uye vakaumba chikwata chakaita seSWAT chairwisa tupukanana twakaita sezviyo zvechibage.
"Ivo vane systemic muzvisikwa, vanotorwa nemashizha emiti uye vachifamba nevascular system," akadaro Calixto.“Anonyungudika nemvura uye kana akaiswa muvhu anotorwa nezvirimwa.Iyi ndiyo mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inonyanya kushandiswa pasi rose, yakanangana nezvipembenene zvakawanda zvinokosha.”
Asi kushandiswa kwayo kwave kukakavara, uye neonicotinoids yenyika inogona kukurumidza kuita zvisiri pamutemo muNew York.Kwayedza zhizha rino, dare reHouse neSeneti rakapasisa mutemo unonzi Birds and Bees Protection Act, uyo waizonyatsorambidza kushandiswa kwembeu dzine neon-coated munyika.Gov. Kathy Hochul havasati vasaina bhiri iri, uye hazvizivikanwe kuti vachazviita riini.
Gonye rechibage pacharo chipukanana chakasimba nekuti chinopfumvutira zviri nyore.Mukutanga kwechirimo, nhunzi dzakura dzinobuda dzichiberekana.Madzimai anokandira mazai muvhu, achisarudza nzvimbo “yaanofarira”, senge ivhu rine organic zvinhu zviri kuora, minda yakasanganiswa nemupfudze kana zvirimwa zvekuvharisa, kana panorimwa mamwe maruva.Manhiyo anodya mhodzi dzichangomera, kusanganisira chibage nesoya beans.
Imwe yacho ndeye kushandiswa kwe "blue sticky traps" papurazi.Yekutanga data yaari kushanda naCornell Extension nyanzvi yezvirimwa zvemunda Mike Stanyard anoratidza ruvara rwemisungo.
Gore rapfuura, vaongorori veYunivhesiti yeCornell vakaongorora minda pamapurazi makumi matanhatu neimwe kuti chibage chiripo.Iyo data yakaratidza kuti huwandu hwese hwembeu dzechibage magrubs mublue cutworm traps yaive pedyo ne500, nepo huwandu hwese hwembeu dzechibage muyero fall armyworm traps dzaingopfuura zana.
Imwe nzira inovimbisa neon kuisa marapirwo muminda.Calixto akati mhodzi dzechibage dzinonyanya kukwezvwa nealfafa yakaviriswa, yaive sarudzo iri nani pane zvimwe zviredzo zvakaedzwa (masara ealfalfa, hupfu hwebhonzo, hupfu hwehove, mupfudze wemukaka wemvura, nyama yekudya uye zvinokwezva zvekugadzira)..
Kufanotaura kuti honye dzechibage dzichabuda riini kunogona kubatsira varimi vane ruzivo nezve mubatanidzwa wekurwisa tumbuyu zviri nani kuronga mhinduro yavo.Cornell University yakagadzira mbesa yembeu magot kufanotaura chishandiso-newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-maggot-iyo parizvino iri mukuyedza beta.
"Izvi zvinobatsira kufanotaura kana iwe uchida kuraira mbeu yakarapwa mukudonha," akadaro Calixto.
Kumwe kurapwa kwembeu imbeu inobatwa nemethyl jasmonate, iyo murabhoritari inogona kuita kuti zvirimwa zvisanzwe kudyiwa kwechibage.Mashoko ekutanga anoratidza kuderera kukuru kwehuwandu hwegonye dzechibage dzinoshanda.
Dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzinosanganisira diamides, thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, uye spinosad.Preliminary data inoratidza kuti magonye ese echibage anofananidzwa nemaplots ane mbeu isina kucheneswa.
Gore rino, timu yaCalixto iri kupedzisa kuyedza greenhouse vachishandisa methyl jasmonate kuona mhinduro yedosi uye kuchengetedza zvirimwa.
“Tiri kutsvagawo zvivharo,” akadaro.“Dzimwe zvirimwa zvemuvharo zvinokwezva mbeu dzechibage.Hapana mutsauko mukuru pakati pekudyara mbesa dzekuvharisa nekudyara kare.Gore rino tiri kuona maitiro akafanana, asi hatizive chikonzero nei.
Gore rinotevera, boka rinoronga kubatanidza mitsva yekugadzira musungo mumiedzo yemunda uye kuwedzera mudziyo wengozi kuti ubatanidze nzvimbo, zvirimwa zvekuvhara, uye nhoroondo yezvipembenene kuvandudza modhi;miedzo yemumunda yemethyl jasmonate uye mishonga yechivanhu mbeu nemishonga yezvipembenene yakadai sediamide uye spinosad;uye kuedza kushandiswa kwemethyl jasmonate sechibage chekuomesa mbeu yakakodzera kuvarimi.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-14-2023