Uri kutsvaga imwe nzira yekurapa zvipembenene zve neonicotinoid here? Alejandro Calixto, director weCornell University's Integrated Pest Management Program, akagovera ruzivo rwake panguva yerwendo rwekurima zvirimwa munguva pfupi yapfuura rwakaitirwa neNew York Corn and Soybean Growers Association kuRodman Lott & Sons Farm.
"Kutarisira zvipembenene zvakabatana inzira yesainzi inotarisa pakudzivirira zvipembenene kana kukuvara kwenguva refu kuburikidza nekubatanidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana," akadaro Calixto.
Anoona purazi iri senzvimbo ine nharaunda yakabatana nenharaunda, nzvimbo imwe neimwe ichikanganisa imwe. Asi iyi haisi mhinduro yekukurumidza.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko ezvipembenene kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakabatana hwekugadzirisa zvipembenene kunotora nguva, akadaro. Kana dambudziko rakati ragadziriswa, basa hariperi.
Chii chinonzi IPM? Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira nzira dzekurima, majini, kudzora makemikari nehupenyu, uye manejimendi enzvimbo dzekugara. Maitiro acho anotanga nekuona zvipembenene, kutarisa nekufanotaura zvipembenene izvozvo, kusarudza nzira yeIPM, uye kuongorora mhedzisiro yezviito izvi.
Calixto akadana vanhu veIPM vaaishanda navo, uye vakaumba timu yakaita seSWAT yairwisa zvipembenene zvakaita semakwenzi echibage.
"Dzinorarama nemuviri wese, dzichitorwa nenyama dzemiti uye dzichifamba nemutsinga dzeropa," akadaro Calixto. "Dzinonyungudika mumvura uye kana dzikaiswa muvhu dzinotorwa nemiti. Idzi ndidzo mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose, ichirwisa zvipembenene zvakakosha zvakasiyana-siyana."
Asi kushandiswa kwayo kwavewo kune gakava, uye mishonga ye neonicotinoids yenyika inogona kunge isiri pamutemo muNew York. Pakutanga kwezhizha rino, Dare reParamende neSeneti zvakapasisa mutemo unonzi Birds and Bees Protection Act, uyo waizorambidza kushandiswa kwembeu dzakaputirwa ne neon mudunhu iri. Gavhuna Kathy Hochul haasati asaina bhiri iri, uye hazvizivikanwe kuti achaita izvozvo riini.
Honye yechibage pachayo imhuka inonetsa nekuti inotonhora zviri nyore. Pakutanga kwechirimo, nhunzi huru dzinobuda dzoberekana. Hadzi dzinoisa mazai muvhu, dzichisarudza nzvimbo "yadzinofarira", senge ivhu rine zvinhu zvipenyu zvinoora, minda yakarungwa nendove kana zvirimwa zvekufukidza, kana kuti panorimwa mimwe mbesa. Huku dzinodya mbeu dzichangoburwa, kusanganisira chibage nesoyabhinzi.
Chimwe chazvo kushandiswa kwe "blue sticky traps" papurazi. Ruzivo rwekutanga rwaari kushanda naMike Stanyard, nyanzvi yezvirimwa mumunda weCornell Extension, runoratidza kuti ruvara rwemisungo runokosha.
Gore rapera, vaongorori veCornell University vakaongorora minda yemapurazi makumi matanhatu nerimwe kuti vaone kana paine magonyeti echibage. Ruzivo rwacho rwakaratidza kuti huwandu hwemagonyeti echibage embeu mumisungo yeblue cutworm hwaive pedyo ne500, nepo huwandu hwemagonyeti echibage embeu mumisungo yeyellow fall armyworm hwaive hunopfuura zvishoma zana.
Imwe nzira inovimbisa yekuisa misungo ine chirauro muminda. Calixto akati mbeu dzechibage dzinonyanya kukwezvwa nealfalfa yakaviriswa, iyo yaive sarudzo iri nani pane dzimwe nzira dzakaedzwa (alfalfa residues, bone meal, hove meal, liquid dairy manure, meat meal uye artificial attractants).
Kufanotaura kuti honye dzechibage dzichabuda riini kunogona kubatsira varimi vane ruzivo nezvekugadzirisa zvipembenene zvakabatana kuronga zviri nani nzira dzavachashandisa. Cornell University yakagadzira chishandiso chekufanotaura honye dzechibage—newa.cornell.edu/seedcorn-maggot—chiri kuongororwa beta pari zvino.
"Izvi zvinobatsira kufanotaura kana muchida kuodha mbeu dzakarapwa mumatsutso," akadaro Calixto.
Imwe nzira yekurapa mbeu ndeyekushandisa methyl jasmonate, iyo inogona kukonzera kuti zvirimwa zvisakwanise kudya zvirimwa zvechibage. Ruzivo rwekutanga runoratidza kudzikira kukuru kwehuwandu hwehonye dzechibage dzinoshanda.
Dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzinosanganisira diamides, thiamethoxam, chlorantraniliprole, uye spinosad. Ruzivo rwekutanga runoratidza kuti honye dzese dzembeu dzechibage dzinoenzaniswa nedzemunda dzisina mbeu dzisina kurapwa.
Gore rino, chikwata chaCalixto chiri kupedzisa kuyedza greenhouse vachishandisa methyl jasmonate kuti vaone kuti mbesa dzinoita sei uye kuti dzisapararire sei.
"Tiri kutsvagawo mavharo," akadaro. "Mimwe miriwo inofukidza inokwezva mbeu dzechibage. Hapana musiyano mukuru pakati pekudyara zvirimwa zvinofukidza izvozvi nekudyara kare. Gore rino tiri kuona maitiro akafanana, asi hatizivi kuti sei."
Gore rinouya, timu iyi inoronga kuisa magadzirirwo matsva emisungo mumiedzo yemunda uye kuwedzera nzira dzekushandisa njodzi dzinosanganisira nzvimbo, zvirimwa zvinofukidza zvirimwa, uye nhoroondo yezvipembenene kuti ivandudze modhi; kuyedzwa kwemumunda kwemethyl jasmonate uye kurapwa kwembeu dzechinyakare nemishonga yezvipembenene yakaita sediamide nespinosad; uye kuyedza kushandiswa kwemethyl jasmonate sechinhu chekuomesa mbeu yechibage chakakodzera varimi.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-14-2023