Lambda-cyhalothrin, iyo inozivikanwawo se cyhalothrin uye kungfu cyhalothrin, yakabudirira kugadzirwa neAR Jutsum team muna 1984. Nzira yaro yekuita ndeyekushandura kupera kwehutachiona hwehutachiwana membrane, inhibit conduction of the insect nerve axon, kuparadza neuron basa kuburikidza nekubatana. neiyo sodium ion chiteshi, ita kuti chipembenene chine chepfu chiwedzere kufara, chiome mitezo uye chife, uye chinogona kukurumidza kugogodza pasi. pest. Lambda-cyhalothrin ine hunhu hweyakakura insecticidal spectrum, chiitiko chepamusoro uye nguva yakareba yekuita, uye yakakodzera kudzora zvipembenene zvezvirimwa zvakaita segorosi, chibage, miti yemichero, donje, miriwo yecruciferous, nezvimwe.
1 Basic mamiriro
高效氯氟氰菊酯Zita reChirungu: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Molecular formula: C23H19ClF3NO3; Poindi yekubikira: 187～190℃/0.2 mmHg; Nhamba yeCAS: 91465-08-633.
Chimiro chechigadzirwa chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1 Chimiro chechimiro che beta-cyhalothrin
2 Toxicity uye kudzora zvinangwa
Beta-cyhalothrin ine kubata kuuraya uye mudumbu chepfu mhedzisiro, uye zvakare ine imwe nzira yekudzivirira uye haina systemic mhedzisiro. Iyo ine yakanaka kudzora mhedzisiro yekutsenga tupukanana pamuromo seLepidoptera larvae uye mamwe maColeoptera nyuchi, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa kudzora kubaya-kuyamwa tupukanana pamuromo senge pear psyllium. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kudzora zvinhu zvebeta-cyhalothrin imidges, armyworms, corn borers, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf rollers, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, donje bollworms, red bollworms, cabbage caterpillar, nezvimwewo. zvirimwa, zvinogona kudzivirira uye kudzora uswa uswa, nezvimwe. Shandisa mwaka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi: China, kunyanya kubva munaKurume kusvika Nyamavhuvhu; South/North America, kubva muna March kusvika May uye September kusvika December; Southeast Asia, kubva munaDecember kusvika May; Europe, kubva munaKurume kusvika Chivabvu uye Gunyana kusvika Zvita mwedzi.
3 Synthesis maitiro uye makuru epakati
(1) Synthesis ye trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid (Kung fu acid) inosangana ne thionyl chloride, inobvisa uye inogadzirisa kuti iwane trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Synthesis ye chlorofluorocyanide crude oil
Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) uye sodium cyanide zvinogadzirwa kuti zviwane chlorofluorocyanide crude oil pasi pechiito checatalyst.
(3) Synthesis ye beta-cyhalothrin
Pasi pekuita kweorganic amines, crude chlorofluorocyanide inopinda epimerization kugadzira beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Mamiriro emusika wemumba
Sekureva kwemubvunzo weChina Pesticide Information Network, kubva muna Chivabvu 20, 2022, huwandu hwealpha-cyhalothrin hunyanzvi hwekunyoreswa hwaive makumi mana neshanu, uye zvakanyoreswa zvaive 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, uye 98%. Pakati pavo, kunyoresa ne95%, 96%, uye 98% zvemukati zvakaverengera chikamu chikuru.
Maererano neChina Pesticide Information Network query, kubva muna May 20, 2022. Zvinyorwa zvekunyora zvemukati zvekugadzirira beta-cyhalothrin zvinoratidza kuti kune misanganiswa yemishonga imwe chete, iyo 621 iine dosi imwe chete uye 216 inosanganiswa. Nhamba imwe chete: 621 yakanyoreswa, gadziriro huru ndeye 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g / L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g / L, 2.5% emulsion yemvura, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g / L. , 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g / L microcapsule suspension, etc. Kubatanidza misanganiswa: 216 yakanyoreswa, kunyanya neAcitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa. Mafomu makuru emushonga ndeaya: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% aqueous emulsion, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% yekumisa mumiriri, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% yakanyorova poda, nezvimwe.
5 Mhirizhonga musika mamiriro
5.1 Kunyoreswa kwegadziriro dzemhiri kwemakungwa
Mishonga mikuru imwe chete yakanyoreswa ndeye 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Misanganiswa mikuru ndeiyi: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + high-efficiency chlorofluorocarbon Cypending06d% 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 China inotengeswa kunze kwenyika
Kubva 2015 kusvika 2019, makambani mazana mashanu nemakumi masere nemaviri akatumira kunze-yakanyanya cyhalothrin tekinoroji uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirira, uye huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwemakambani gumi epamusoro akaverengera makumi mana neshanu muzana ehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika (5-makore kuunganidza). Makambani gumi epamusoro akanyorwa muTable 2.
Avhareji yevhoriyamu yekutumirwa kunze kwenyika yezvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi i2,400 matani / gore, uye huwandu hwepamusoro hwekutengesa kunze i3,000 matani / gore. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera gore negore kubva ku2015 kusvika ku2019. Ivhareji yekutengesa kunze kwehuwandu hwekugadzirira kwemuviri ndeye 14,800 matani / gore, uye iyo yepamusoro yekutengesa kunze ndeye 17,000 matani (2017), uye ipapo ivhu rekutengesa rakagadzikana; muvhareji wekutengesa kunze kwehuwandu hwekugadzirira ndeye 460 matani / gore, uye yakakwirira ndeye 515 matani / gore.
Kubva 2015 kusvika 2019, tekinoroji nekugadzirira zvigadzirwa zvecyhalothrin zvakatumirwa kune makumi manomwe nenomwe misika. Misika mishanu yepamusoro yaive United States, Belgium, India, Argentina, nePakistan. Misika mishanu yepamusoro yakaita 57% yezvese zvekutengesa kunze kweChina. (5 makore kuwanda).
6 Mazuvano pamusika maitiro
Zvinoenderana nevezvenhau, muna Chivabvu 7, 2022, nguva yemuno, fekitori yeIndia agrochemical kambani Bharat Rasayan, iyo inonyanya kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepyrethroid uye zvine chekuita nepakati, yakabatira moto mushure mekuputika kwebhailer.
India ndeimwe yevagadziri vezvipembenene vasina-patent munyika, pakati peiyo kugadzirwa kweiyo yakakosha yepakati yezvigadzirwa zvepyrethroid, methyl betinate uye ether aldehyde, yakakwira. Muna 2021, Bharat Rasayan achaendesa kunze kwenyika inodarika zviuru zvitanhatu zvematani emishonga yemishonga yezvipembenene, zvigadziriso uye zvepakati, izvo 61% mishonga yehunyanzvi, 13% yekugadzirira uye 26% yepakati (kunyanya pyrethroid intermediates). Seyakakosha yepakati pakugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene yepyrethroid, ether aldehyde ine kudiwa kwepagore kwepamusha kweanenge 6,000 matani, iyo inoda kusvika hafu inoda kutengwa kubva kuIndia.
Sezvo musika wepamusha wecyhalothrin wave kusvika kumagumo, uye kambani yeIndia isiri iyo bhizinesi guru rinogadzira alpha-cyhalothrin-ane hukama senge ether aldehydes, kukanganisa pamusika wepamba kudiki, uye zvinonyanya kukosha kubhadhara. kutarisisa kune ichangoburwa kunze kwenyika. Quotes.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-08-2022