Lambda-cyhalothrin, inozivikanwawo se cyhalothrin uye kungfu cyhalothrin, yakagadzirwa zvinobudirira nechikwata cheAR Jutsum muna 1984. Maitiro ayo ekushanda ndeyekuchinja kupenya kwemukati metsinga dzezvipembenene, kudzivirira kufambiswa kwetsinga dzezvipembenene, kuparadza mashandiro etsinga dzeuropi nekubatana ne sodium ion channel, kuita kuti zvipembenene zvine chepfu zvifare zvakanyanya, zviome uye zvife, uye zvinogona kukurumidza kudonhedza zvipembenene. Lambda-cyhalothrin ine hunhu hwekuuraya zvipembenene, inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inoshanda kwenguva refu, uye yakakodzera kudzora zvipembenene muzvirimwa zvakaita segorosi, chibage, miti yemichero, donje, miriwo inopisirwa pamuchinjikwa, nezvimwewo.
1 Mamiriro ezvinhu ekutanga
高效氯氟氰菊酯Zita rechiRungu: Lambda-cyhalothrin; Fomura yemasero: C23H19ClF3NO3; Pokufashaira: 187～190℃/0.2 mmHg; Nhamba yeCAS: 91465-08-633.
Chimiro chechigadzirwa chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1 Fomura yekuvaka ye beta-cyhalothrin
2 Zvinangwa zvekukuvadza uye kudzora chepfu
Beta-cyhalothrin ine simba rekuuraya vanhu pamwe nekuuraya dumbu, uye ine simba rekudzivirira uye haina simba remuviri. Ine simba rekudzivirira zvipembenene zvinotsenga muromo zvakaita seLepidoptera larvae nedzimwe zvipembenene zveColeoptera, uye inogonawo kushandiswa kudzora zvipembenene zvinobaya muromo zvakaita sepear psyllium. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinodzora beta-cyhalothrin midges, armyworms, corn borers, beet armyworms, heartworms, leaf rollers, armyworms, swallowtail butterflies, fruit armyworms, cotton bollworms, red bollworms, cabbage caterpillars, nezvimwewo. Mumagaka, magaka uye zvirimwa zvakaoma, inogona kudzivirira nekudzora grassborer, nezvimwewo. Shandisa mwaka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi: China, kunyanya kubva munaKurume kusvika Nyamavhuvhu; South/North America, kubva munaKurume kusvika Chivabvu naGunyana kusvika Zvita; Southeast Asia, kubva munaZvita kusvika Chivabvu; Europe, kubva munaKurume kusvika Chivabvu naGunyana kusvika Zvita mwedzi.
3 Maitiro ekugadzira uye main intermediates
(1) Kugadzirwa kwe trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid chloride
Trifluorochlorochrysanthemum acid (Kung fu acid) inopindirana nethionyl chloride, yobvisa makemikari mumuviri uye yogadzirisa zvinhu kuti iwane trifluorochlorochrysanthemic acid chloride.
(2) Kugadzirwa kwemafuta asina kucheneswa echlorofluorocyanide
Chlorofluroyl chloride, m-phenoxybenzaldehyde (ether aldehyde) uye sodium cyanide zvinogadzirwa kuti zvigadzire chlorofluorocyanide crude oil pasi pesimba re catalyst.
(3) Kugadzirwa kwe beta-cyhalothrin
Pasi pekushanda kwema organic amines, crude chlorofluorocyanide inopfuudzwa kuti igadzire beta-cyhalothrin.
4 Mamiriro emusika wemuno
Sekureva kweChina Pesticide Information Network query, kusvika musi wa20 Chivabvu 2022, huwandu hwemanyorerwo ehunyanzvi hwealpha-cyhalothrin hwaive makumi mana nemashanu, uye huwandu hwemanyorerwo hwakanga huri 81%, 95%, 97%, 96%, uye 98%. Pakati pavo, huwandu hwemanyorerwo ane 95%, 96%, uye 98% hwakanga hwakakosha.
Sekureva kweChina Pesticide Information Network query, kubva musi wa20 Chivabvu, 2022. Ruzivo rwekunyoreswa kwemishonga ye beta-cyhalothrin munyika runoratidza kuti kune misanganiswa yemushonga mumwe chete, iyo 621 iri mumushonga mumwe chete uye 216 yakasanganiswa. Dose imwe chete: 621 yakanyoreswa, mishonga mikuru ndeye 2.5%, 2.7%, 5%, 25g/L microemulsion, 5%, 10%, 25g/L, 2.5% water emulsion, 5%, 2.5%, 25% g/L, 50 g/L EC, 25%, 10%, 2.5% WP, 2.5%, 10%, 25 g/L microcapsule suspension, nezvimwewo. Misanganiswa yecompounding: 216 yakanyoreswa, kunyanya neAcitretin, Acitrate, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Phoxim, Triazophos, Dextromethrin, Pymetrozine nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa. Mhando huru dzemuyero ndeidzi: 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 22%, 44% emulsion yemvura, 16%, 20%, 25%, 26% EC, 15%, 22%, 30% suspending agent, 2%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 30% microemulsion, 2%, 4% granules, 4.5%, 22%, 24%, 30% wedtable powder, nezvimwewo.
5 Mamiriro emusika wekunze kwenyika
5.1 Kunyoreswa kwekugadzirira kunze kwenyika
Madosi makuru akanyoreswa ndeaya 25 g/L, 50 g/L, 2.5% EC, 2.5%, 10% WP.
Misanganiswa mikuru ndeiyi: beta-cyhalothrin 9.4% + thiamethoxam 12.6% microcapsule suspension, beta-cyhalothrin 1.7% + abamectin 0.3% EC, thiamethoxam 14.1% + high-efficiency chlorofluorocarbon Cypermethrin 10.6% suspending agent, Acetamiprid 2% + Beta-cyhalothrin 1.5% EC.
5.2 Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika neChina
Kubva muna 2015 kusvika 2019, makambani anosvika 582 akatumira kunze zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi uye zvekugadzirira zve cyhalothrin zvine simba guru, uye huwandu hwemakambani gumi epamusoro hwakaita 45% yehuwandu hwese hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika (kuunganidza kwemakore mashanu). Makambani gumi epamusoro akanyorwa muTafura 2.
Avhareji yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvehunyanzvi zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika i2,400 matani pagore, uye huwandu hwepamusoro hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika i3,000 matani pagore. Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hwakawedzera gore negore kubva muna 2015 kusvika 2019. Avhareji yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa kunze kwenyika i14,800 matani pagore, uye huwandu hwepamusoro hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika i17,000 matani (2017), uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika hwakagadzikana; avhareji yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinogadzirwa kunze kwenyika i460 matani pagore, uye yakakwira i515 matani pagore.
Kubva muna 2015 kusvika 2019, zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi uye zvekugadzira zve cyhalothrin zvakatengeswa kumisika 77. Misika mishanu yepamusoro yaive United States, Belgium, India, Argentina, nePakistan. Misika mishanu yepamusoro yaive ne57% yezvese zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika neChina. (makore mashanu akaunganidzwa).
6 Mafambiro emusika matsva
Sekureva kwenhau, musi wa7 Chivabvu 2022, panguva yemuno, fekitari yekambani yemishonga yekurima yeIndia Bharat Rasayan, iyo inonyanya kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepyrethroid nezvimwe zvine chekuita nazvo, yakabatira moto mushure mekuputika kwebhoyila.
India ndeimwe yemakambani makuru anogadzira mishonga yezvipembenene isina kodzero yepamutemo pasi rose, pakati payo simba rekugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene yakakosha, methyl betinate ne ether aldehyde, rakakwira. Muna 2021, Bharat Rasayan ichatumira kunze kwenyika mishonga yemishonga yezvipembenene inodarika matani 6,000, mishonga yemishonga yezvipembenene, kugadzirira uye mishonga yezvipembenene, iyo 61% iri mishonga yehunyanzvi, 13% yekugadzirira uye 26% yemishonga yepakati (kunyanya mishonga yepakati yepyrethroid). Semushonga wepakati unokosha wekugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene yepyrethroid, ether aldehyde inoda matani 6,000 pagore, ayo anoda kusvika hafu yacho inofanira kutengwa kubva kuIndia.
Sezvo musika wemuno we cyhalothrin wava pedyo nekuguma, uye kambani yeIndia haisi iyo kambani huru inogadzira zvinhu zvine chekuita ne alpha-cyhalothrin zvakaita se ether aldehydes, kukanganisa kwacho pamusika wemuno kudiki, uye zvinonyanya kukosha kutarisisa kutengeswa kwechangobva kutengeswa. Makotesheni.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-08-2022