Umhutu uye zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neumhutu idambudziko riri kukura pasi rose. Zvekudyara zvinotorwa uye/kana oiri zvinogona kushandiswa seimwe nzira yekugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene. Muchidzidzo ichi, maoiri makumi matatu nemaviri (pa1000 ppm) akaedzwa kuita kwavo kwelarvicidal vachipesana nechina instar Culex pipiens larvae uye mafuta akanakisa akaongororwa kuita kwavo kwechikuru uye akaongororwa negasi chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) uye yakakwirira-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Umhutu chinhuchipembenene chekare,uye zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neumhutu zviri kuwedzera kutyisidzira hutano hwepasi rose, zvichityisidzira vanopfuura 40% yehuwandu hwevanhu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2050, inenge hafu yevanhu pasi rose inenge yava panjodzi yeutachiona hunokonzerwa neumhutu. 1 Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) umhutu hwakapararira hunoparadzira zvirwere zvine njodzi zvinokonzeresa kurwara kwakanyanya uye dzimwe nguva kufa muvanhu nemhuka.
Vector control ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekudzikisa kushushikana neveruzhinji nezvezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa neumhutu. Kudzora kwehumhutu hwevakuru uye hwemakonye ane zvinodzinga uye mishonga yezvipembenene ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushanda yekuderedza kurumwa neumhutu. Kushandiswa kwemishonga yekugadzira zvipembenene kunogona kukonzera kuramba kwemishonga yezvipembenene, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye njodzi dzehutano kuvanhu uye zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa.
Pane chido chekukurumidzira chekutsvaga eco-hushamwari dzimwe nzira dzekudyara-based ingredients dzakadai semafuta anokosha (EOs). Mafuta anokosha zvinhu zvinoshanduka zvinowanikwa mumhuri dzakawanda dzezvirimwa seAsteraceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, uye Cupressaceae14. Mafuta anokosha ane musanganiswa wakaoma wemakomisheni akadai se phenols, sesquiterpenes, uye monoterpenes15.
Mafuta anokosha ane antibacterial, antiviral uye antifungal properties. Izvo zvakare zvine insecticidal properties uye zvinogona kukonzera neurotoxic mhedzisiro nekukanganisa physiological, metabolic, maitiro uye biochemical mabasa ezvipembenene kana akakosha mafuta anofemerwa, kumwiwa kana kunyudzwa kuburikidza neganda16. Mafuta anokosha anogona kushandiswa semishonga yezvipembenene, larvicides, repellents nemishonga inodzinga zvipembenene. Izvo hazvina muchetura zvishoma, zvinoodza uye zvinogona kukunda kurwisa kwezvipembenene.
Mafuta akakosha ari kuwedzera kufarirwa pakati pevagadziri vezve organic uye vatengi vanoziva zvakatipoteredza uye akakodzera nzvimbo dzemudhorobha, dzimba nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine hanya nenharaunda.
Basa remafuta akakosha mukudzora umhutu rakakurukurwa15,19. Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekutarisa uye kuongorora zvinouraya zvinouraya maoiri akakosha makumi matatu nemaviri uye kuongorora chiitiko cheadenocidal uye phytochemicals yemafuta akakosha akakosha kurwisa Culex pipiens.
Muchidzidzo ichi, An. graveolens uye V. odorata mafuta akawanikwa achinyanya kushanda kune vanhu vakuru, achiteverwa neT. vulgaris uye N. sativa. Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidza kuti Anopheles vulgare mushonga une simba. Saizvozvowo, mafuta ayo anogona kudzora Anopheles atroparvus, Culex quinquefasciatus uye Aedes aegypti. Kunyange zvazvo Anopheles vulgaris airatidza kushanda kwemishonga yekuuraya kuuraya mhuka muchidzidzo ichi, ndiyo yakanga isinganyanyi kushanda kuvanhu vakuru. Kusiyana neizvi, ine adenocidal properties inopesana neCx. quinquefasciatus.
Mashoko edu anoratidza kuti Anopheles sinensis inoshanda zvikuru semhondi yegonye asi isinganyanyi kushanda semunhu mukuru. Kusiyana neizvi, makemikari anotorwa eAnopheles sinensis aidzivirira kune vese makondo uye vakuru veCulex pipiens, nekudzivirira kwepamusoro (100%) kubva pakuruma kwehumhutu hwechikadzi husina kudyiwa huri kuwanikwa pachiyero che 6 mg / cm2. Pamusoro pazvo, shizha rawo rakatorwa rairatidzawo basa rekuuraya honye paAnopheles arabiensis uye Anopheles gambiae (ss).
Muchidzidzo ichi, thyme (An. graveolens) yakaratidza simba relarvicidal uye yevakuru. Saizvozvo, thyme yakaratidza larvicidal chiitiko kurwisa Cx. quinquefasciatus28 uye Aedes aegypti29. Thyme yakaratidza kuita kwelarvicidal paCulex pipiens mhute pa200 ppm kusungwa ne100% kufa nepo LC25 uye LC50 tsika dzakaratidza kusaita basa reacetylcholinesterase (AChE) uye detoxification system activation, yakawedzera GST chiitiko uye yakadzikira GSH yemukati ne30%.
Mamwe emafuta anokosha anoshandiswa muchidzidzo ichi akaratidza basa rakafanana relarvicidal rinopesana neCulex pipiens larvae seN. sativa32,33 uye S. officinalis34. Mamwe mafuta akakosha seT. Ichi chigumisiro chinogona kunge chiri nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati zvinosanganisira kuti chikamu chezvikamu zvayo zvikuru zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekwakabva mafuta emuriwo, kunaka kwemafuta, kunzwisiswa kwehutachiwana hunoshandiswa, kuchengetedza mamiriro emafuta uye hunyanzvi mamiriro.
Muchidzidzo ichi, turmeric yakanga isinganyanyi kushanda, asi iyo 27 zvikamu zvakadai se curcumin uye monocarbonyl derivatives ye curcumin yakaratidza larvicidal basa rinopesana neCulex pipiens uye Aedes albopictus43, uye hexane extract ye turmeric pamusangano we 1000 ppm kwe 24 hours404 ichiri kuratidzwa neCulex pipiens uye Aedes albopictus43. albopictus.
Similar larvicidal effects dzakashumwa nokuda kwehexane extracts dzerosemary (80 uye 160 ppm), iyo yakaderedza kufa ne100% mu3rd uye 4th nhanho Culex pipiens mhute uye yakawedzera chepfu ne50% mu pupae uye vakuru.
Kuongororwa kwePhytochemical muchidzidzo ichi kwakaratidza iwo makuru anoshanda makomisheni emafuta akaongororwa. Green tea oiri inoshanda zvakanyanya larvicide uye ine huwandu hukuru hwe polyphenols ine antioxidant chiitiko, sezvakawanikwa muchidzidzo ichi. Mibairo yakafanana yakawanikwa59. Yedu data inoratidza kuti green tea mafuta zvakare ine polyphenols senge gallic acid, makatechini, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, uye kaempferol, iyo inogona kubatsira kune yayo insecticidal kuita.
Ongororo yeBiochemical yakaratidza kuti Rhodiola rosea yakakosha mafuta inokanganisa kuchengetedza kwesimba, kunyanya mapuroteni uye lipids30. Kusiyana pakati pezvatichawana uye izvo zvezvimwe zvidzidzo zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuita kwebiology uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari emafuta akakosha, ayo anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezera rechirimwa, chimiro chetishu, nharaunda, zvikamu zvinoshandiswa mukuita distillation, mhando ye distillation, uye cultivar. Nokudaro, rudzi uye zvinyorwa zvezvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa mumafuta ega ega anokosha zvinogona kukonzera mutsauko mukurwisana kwavo-kukuvadza kunogona16.
Nguva yekutumira: May-13-2025