Utunga nezvirwere zvinotapurirwa nehumhutu zviri kuramba zvichikura pasi rose. Zvinotorwa mumiti uye/kana mafuta zvinogona kushandiswa senzira yekurapa zvipembenene zvakagadzirwa. Muchidzidzo ichi, mafuta makumi matatu nemaviri (pa 1000 ppm) akaedzwa kuti aone kana achirwisa larvicidal larvae yechina muCulex pipiens uye mafuta akanakisa akaongororwa kuti aone kana achirwisa adult blood uye akaongororwa negas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) uye high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Umhutu imhando yezvipembenene zvekare,uye zvirwere zvinotapurirwa nehumhutu zviri kuwedzera kutyisidzira hutano hwepasi rose, zvichityisidzira vanhu vanopfuura 40% vepasi rose. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2050, vanhu vanosvika hafu yevanhu vepasi rose vanenge vava panjodzi yekutapurirwa humhutu. 1 Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) umhutu hwakapararira hunotapurirana zvirwere zvine njodzi zvinokonzera kurwara kwakanyanya uye dzimwe nguva rufu kuvanhu nemhuka.
Kudzora zvipembenene ndiyo nzira huru yekuderedza kunetseka kweveruzhinji nezvezvirwere zvinotapurirwa neumhutu. Kudzora umhutu hwakura nehwakakura nekushandisa mishonga inodzinga zvipembenene ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushanda yekuderedza kurumwa neumhutu. Kushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakagadzirwa kunogona kukonzera kusabatwa nezvipembenene, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu nezvisikwa zvisingatarisirwi.
Pane chikonzero chekukurumidzira chekutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda zvakanaka pakuchengetedza nharaunda panzvimbo pezvinhu zvinobva mumiti zvakaita semafuta anokosha (EOs). Mafuta anokosha zvinhu zvinoshanduka-shanduka zvinowanikwa mumhuri zhinji dzemiti dzakadai seAsteraceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, uye Cupressaceae14. Mafuta anokosha ane musanganiswa wakaoma wemakemikari akadai sephenols, sesquiterpenes, uye monoterpenes15.
Mafuta anokosha ane simba rekurwisa mabhakitiriya, antiviral uye antifungal. Ane simba rekuuraya zvipembenene uye anogona kukonzera chepfu muuropi nekuvhiringidza mashandiro emuviri, metabolic, maitiro uye biochemical ezvipembenene kana mafuta anokosha akafemerwa, akadyiwa kana kunyudzwa neganda16. Mafuta anokosha anogona kushandiswa semishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, mishonga yerukonye, mishonga yekudzingira zvipembenene uye mishonga yekudzingira zvipembenene. Haana chepfu yakawanda, haaparadzike uye anogona kukunda kusawirirana nezvipembenene.
Mafuta anokosha ari kuwedzera kufarirwa nevagadziri vemafuta emuorivhi nevatengi vane hanya nezvakatipoteredza uye akakodzera nzvimbo dzemaguta, dzimba nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinonyanya kukanganiswa nezvakatipoteredza.
Basa remafuta anokosha mukudzivirira umhutu rakakurukurwa15,19. Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuongorora nekuongorora hunhu hwemafuta akakosha makumi matatu nemaviri anouraya mabukira uye kuongorora mashandiro eadenocidal uye phytochemicals yemafuta anokosha anoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa Culex pipiens.
Muchidzidzo ichi, mafuta eAn. graveolens neV. odorata akaonekwa kuti anoshanda zvakanyanya pakurwisa vanhu vakuru, achiteverwa neT. vulgaris neN. sativa. Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidza kuti Anopheles vulgare mushonga une simba wezvipembenene. Saizvozvowo, mafuta ayo anogona kudzora Anopheles atroparvus, Culex quinquefasciatus neAedes aegypti. Kunyangwe Anopheles vulgaris yakaratidza kushanda kwezvipembenene muchidzidzo ichi, haina kushanda zvakanyanya pakurwisa vanhu vakuru. Kusiyana neizvi, ine hunhu hwe adenocidal pakurwisa Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Ruzivo rwedu runoratidza kuti Anopheles sinensis inoshanda zvikuru semuurayi wemakonye asi haishande zvakanyanya semuurayi mukuru. Kusiyana neizvi, mishonga inotorwa kubva kuAnopheles sinensis yaidzinga makonye makuru eCulex pipiens, ichidzivirira zvakanyanya (100%) kubva pakurumwa neumhutu hwechikadzi husina kudya pahuwandu hwe6 mg/cm2. Pamusoro pezvo, chidimbu chayo chemashizha chakaratidzawo simba rekuuraya makonye paAnopheles arabiensis neAnopheles gambiae (ss).
Muchidzidzo ichi, thyme (An. graveolens) yakaratidza simba guru rekuuraya mabundu uye rekuuraya vanhu vakuru. Saizvozvowo, thyme yakaratidza simba guru rekuuraya mabundu paCx. quinquefasciatus28 neAedes aegypti29. Thyme yakaratidza simba guru rekuuraya mabundu paCulex pipiens larvae pahuwandu hwe200 ppm nekufa kwe100% nepo LC25 neLC50 values dzakaratidza kusashanda pabasa reacetylcholinesterase (AChE) uye detoxification system activation, kuwedzera kweGST activity uye kudzikira kweGSH content ne30%.
Mamwe emafuta anokosha akashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi akaratidza kushanda kwakafanana kwekuuraya mabuu eCulex pipiens seN. sativa32,33 neS. officinalis34. Mamwe mafuta anokosha akadai seT. vulgaris, S. officinalis, C. sempervirens neA. graveolens akaratidza kushanda kwekuuraya mabuu eumhutu ane LC90 values iri pasi pe200–300 ppm. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira kuti chikamu chezvikamu zvikuru zvacho chinosiyana zvichienderana nekwakabva mafuta emuriwo, mhando yemafuta, kunzwisiswa kwemhando yemafuta anoshandiswa, mamiriro ekuchengetedza mafuta uye mamiriro ehunyanzvi.
Muchidzidzo ichi, turmeric yakanga isingashande zvakanyanya, asi zvikamu zvayo makumi maviri nenomwe zvakaita se curcumin ne monocarbonyl derivatives ye curcumin zvakaratidza kushanda kwe larvicidal kurwisa Culex pipiens ne Aedes albopictus43, uye hexane extract ye turmeric pahuwandu hwe 1000 ppm kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana44 zvichiri kuratidza kushanda kwe larvicidal 100% kurwisa Culex pipiens ne Aedes albopictus.
Migumisiro yakafanana yekuuraya mabuu yakataurwa nezve hexane extracts ye rosemary (80 ne 160 ppm), iyo yakaderedza kufa ne 100% muchikamu chechitatu nechina cheCulex pipiens larvae uye yakawedzera chepfu ne 50% mu pupae nevakuru.
Kuongororwa kwemakemikari emuviri muchidzidzo ichi kwakaratidza zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshanda mumafuta akaongororwa. Mafuta etii yegirini mushonga unoshanda zvikuru uye une huwandu hwakawanda hwemapolyphenols ane antioxidant activity, sezvakawanikwa muchidzidzo ichi. Zvakafanana zvakawanikwa59. Data redu rinoratidza kuti mafuta etii yegirini anewo mapolyphenols akadai segallic acid, catechins, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, naringenin, uye kaempferol, izvo zvinogona kubatsira mukuuraya zvipembenene.
Ongororo yemakemikari yakaratidza kuti mafuta anokosha eRhodiola rosea anokanganisa matura esimba, kunyanya mapuroteni nemafuta30. Kusiyana kuripo pakati pezvatakawana nezvimwe zvidzidzo kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwebasa rezvipenyu uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari emafuta anokosha, izvo zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezera remuti, chimiro chenyama, kwakabva, zvikamu zvinoshandiswa mukunyungudutswa, rudzi rwekunyungudutswa, uye rudzi rwembeu. Saka, mhando uye zviri mukati mezvinhu zvinoshanda mumafuta anokosha ega ega zvinogona kukonzera mutsauko mukukwanisa kwawo kurwisa kukuvara16.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-13-2025