Mushonga wezvipembeneneMambure eumhutu akarapwa inzira inoshanda pakuderedza marariya uye anofanira kurapwa nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye kuraswa nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mambure eumhutu akarapwa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inzira inoshanda zvikuru munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwemarariya. Sekureva kwemushumo weWorld Health Organization we2020, vanhu vanosvika hafu yepasi rose vari panjodzi yekubatwa nemarariya, uye vanhu vazhinji vanobatwa nemarariya vari kuSouth-Saharan Africa, kusanganisira Ethiopia. Zvisinei, huwandu hwakawanda hwevanhu vanobatwa nemarariya nerufu hwakataurwawo munzvimbo dzeWHO dzakadai seSouth-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific neAmerica.
Marariya chirwere chinotapukira chinogona kuurayisa chinokonzerwa neutachiona hunotapuriranwa kuvanhu kuburikidza nekurumwa neumhutu hwechikadzi hunonzi Anopheles. Dambudziko iri rinoramba riripo rinoratidza kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekuedza kwehutano hweveruzhinji kurwisa chirwere ichi.
Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga yekudzivirira marariya kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwechirwere chemalaria, nefungidziro dziri pakati pe45% kusvika 50%.
Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwekurumwa kwekunze kunounza matambudziko anogona kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandiswa kweITNs kwakakodzera. Kugadzirisa kuruma kwekunze kwakakosha mukuderedza kutapurirana kwemarariya nekuvandudza hutano hweveruzhinji. Kuchinja kwemaitiro uku kunogona kunge kuri mhinduro yekumanikidzwa kwakasarudzwa kunoitwa neITNs, iyo inonyanya kutarisana nenzvimbo dzemukati. Saka, kuwedzera kwekurumwa kweumhutu hwekunze kunoratidza mukana wekupararira kwemarariya panze, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwenzira dzakanangana dzekudzora zvipembenene zvekunze. Saka, nyika zhinji dzine malaria dzine mitemo inotsigira kushandiswa kweITNs pasi rose kudzora kurumwa kwezvipembenene panze, asi chikamu chevanhu vanorara pasi pemambure eumhutu muSub-Saharan Africa chakafungidzirwa kuva 55% muna 2015. 5,24
Takaita ongororo yenharaunda kuti tione mashandisirwo emambure eumhutu akarapwa zvipembenene nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nawo kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu kusvika Gunyana 2021.
Chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa muPawi woreda, imwe yematunhu manomwe eMetekel County muBenishangul-Gumuz State. Dunhu rePawi riri muBenishangul-Gumuz State, 550 km maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero kweAddis Ababa uye 420 km kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAssosa.
Muenzaniso wechidzidzo ichi waisanganisira mukuru wemhuri kana chero nhengo yemhuri ine makore gumi nemasere zvichikwira yakagara mumba umu kwemwedzi mitanhatu.
Vanhu vakapindura vairwara zvakanyanya kana kuti zvakanyanya uye vaisakwanisa kutaura panguva yekuunganidza data vakabviswa mumuenzaniso.
Zvishandiso: Data rakaunganidzwa pachishandiswa mibvunzo inobvunzwa nemubvunzurudzo uye cheki yekutarisa yakagadzirwa zvichibva pane zvidzidzo zvakaburitswa zvine zvimwe zvigadziriso31. Mibvunzo inobvunzwa yaive nezvikamu zvishanu: hunhu hwevanhu, mashandisirwo neruzivo rweICH, chimiro chemhuri nehukuru, uye hunhu/maitiro, zvakagadzirirwa kuunganidza ruzivo rwekutanga nezvevatori vechikamu. Cheki iyi ine mukana wekutenderedza zvakacherechedzwa zvakaitwa. Yakasungirirwa pamubvunzo wega wega wemhuri kuitira kuti vashandi vemumunda vagone kutarisa zvavakaona pasina kukanganisa kubvunzurudza. Sekutaura kwetsika, takataura kuti zvidzidzo zvedu zvaisanganisira vanhu vanotora chikamu uye zvidzidzo zvinosanganisira vanhu vanotora chikamu zvinofanirwa kuenderana neChiziviso cheHelsinki. Nokudaro, Bhodhi reKuongorora reKoreji yeMishonga neHutano, Bahir Dar University rakabvumidza maitiro ese kusanganisira chero ruzivo rwakakosha rwakaitwa zvichienderana nemirairo nemitemo yakakodzera uye mvumo yakaziviswa yakawanikwa kubva kune vese vanotora chikamu.
Kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti data rakagadzirwa zvakanaka muchidzidzo chedu, takaita mazano akati wandei akakosha. Kutanga, vaunganidzi vedata vakadzidziswa zvakakwana kuti vanzwisise zvinangwa zvechidzidzo uye zviri mumubvunzo wekuderedza zvikanganiso. Tisati tatanga kuita zvese, takaedza mubvunzo wekutsvaga kuti tione nekugadzirisa chero matambudziko. Takashandisa nzira dzakajairwa dzekuunganidza data kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti data rakarongeka, uye takagadzira nzira dzekutarisa nguva dzose dzekutarisira vashandi vemumunda uye kuona kuti maprotocol aiteverwa. Kuongororwa kwechokwadi kwakabatanidzwa mumubvunzo wekutsvaga kuti pave nekutevedzana kwemhinduro kwakarongeka. Kupinda kaviri kwedata kwakashandiswa pahuwandu hwedata kuti kuderedzwa zvikanganiso zvekupinda, uye data rakaunganidzwa raiongororwa nguva dzose kuti rive nechokwadi chekuti rakakwana uye rakarurama. Pamusoro pezvo, takagadzira nzira dzemhinduro dzevaunganidzi vedata kuti vavandudze maitiro uye vave nechokwadi chekuti maitiro etsika, zvichibatsira kuwedzera kuvimba kwevatori vechikamu uye kuvandudza hunhu hwemhinduro.
Pakupedzisira, multivariate logistic regression yakashandiswa kuona zvinofanotaura zvemhedzisiro uye kugadzirisa ma covariates. Kunaka kwekukodzera kwe binary logistic regression model kwakaedzwa uchishandisa Hosmer naLemeshow test. Pakuyedzwa kwese kwestatistiki, P value < 0.05 yaionekwa se cutoff point yehuwandu hwestatistiki. Multicollinearity ye independent variables yakaongororwa uchishandisa tolerance and variance inflation factor (VIF). COR, AOR, uye 95% confidence interval zvakashandiswa kuona simba rekubatana pakati pe independent categorical uye binary dependent variables.
Kuziva nezvekushandiswa kwemambure eumhutu ane mishonga yezvipembenene muParweredas, Benishangul-Gumuz Dunhu, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweEthiopia.
Mambure eumhutu anorapwa nemishonga yezvipembenene ave chishandiso chakakosha chekudzivirira malaria munzvimbo dzakanyanya kupararira dzakadai sePawi County. Pasinei nekuedza kukuru kwakaitwa neFederal Ministry of Health yeEthiopia kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemambure eumhutu anorapwa mishonga yezvipembenene, zvipingamupinyi pakushandiswa kwawo zvakanyanya zvichiripo.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, panogona kunge paine kusanzwisisana kana kuramba kushandiswa kwemambure akacherwa mishonga yezvipembenene, zvichikonzera kuti huwandu hwevanhu vanotora mishonga iyi huve hushoma. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogona kusangana nematambudziko akadai sekusawirirana, kutama kwevanhu kana urombo hwakanyanya izvo zvinogona kudzikamisa kugoverwa nekushandiswa kwemambure akacherwa mishonga yezvipembenene, senge nzvimbo yeBenishangul-Gumuz-Metekel.
Kusiyana uku kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwezvinhu zvakati wandei, kusanganisira nguva iri pakati pezvidzidzo (paavhareji, makore matanhatu), musiyano mukuziva nekudzidzisa nezvekudzivirira malaria, uye musiyano wenzvimbo mumabasa ekusimudzira. Kushandiswa kweITNs kunowanzo kuve kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzine dzidzo inoshanda uye zvivakwa zvehutano zviri nani. Pamusoro pezvo, tsika netsika dzemunharaunda zvinogona kukanganisa kugamuchirwa kwekushandiswa kwemambure emubhedha. Sezvo chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa munzvimbo dzine malaria ine zvivakwa zvehutano zviri nani uye kugoverwa kweITN, kuwanikwa kwemambure emubhedha kunogona kunge kwakanyanya zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dzisina kushandiswa kwakawanda.
Kubatana kuripo pakati pezera nekushandiswa kweITN kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwezvinhu zvakati wandei: vechidiki vanowanzo shandisa maITN kakawanda nekuti vanofunga kuti vane mutoro wehutano hwevana vavo. Pamusoro pezvo, zvirongwa zvehutano zvechangobva kuitwa zvakanangana nevechidiki, zvichisimudzira ruzivo nezvekudzivirira malaria. Kupesvedzera kwevanhu, kusanganisira vezera ravo netsika dzemunharaunda, zvinogonawo kuita basa iri, sezvo vechidiki vanowanzo gamuchira mazano matsva ehutano.
Pamusoro pezvo, vanowanzova neruzivo rwakakwana rwezviwanikwa uye vanowanzoda kushandisa maitiro matsva netekinoroji, zvichiita kuti zvinyanye kuva nyore kuti vashandise maIPO nguva dzose.
Izvi zvingangove zvichikonzerwa nekuti dzidzo ine chekuita nezvinhu zvakawanda zvine chekuita nayo. Vanhu vane dzidzo yepamusoro vanowanzova neruzivo rwakawanda uye vanonzwisisa kukosha kweITNs mukudzivirira malaria. Vanowanzova neruzivo rwakanyanya rwehutano, zvichivabvumira kutsanangura ruzivo rwehutano zvinobudirira uye kutaurirana nevanoona nezveutano. Pamusoro pezvo, dzidzo inowanzobatanidzwa nekuvandudzika kwehupfumi hwevanhu, izvo zvinopa vanhu zviwanikwa zvekuwana nekuchengetedza ITNs. Vanhu vakadzidza vanogonawo kupikisa zvitendero zvetsika, kugamuchira matekinoroji matsva ehutano, uye kuita maitiro akanaka ehutano, nokudaro zvichipesvedzera kushandiswa kweITNs nevamwe vavo.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-12-2025