Ndeipimahormone ephytoinoita basa guru mukugadzirisa kusanaya kwemvura? Mahormone emhando yephyto anowirirana sei nekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza? Pepa rakaburitswa mujenari reTrends in Plant Science rinodudzirazve uye rinoronga mabasa emhando gumi dzemahormone emhando yephyto akawanikwa kusvika pari zvino muumambo hwezvirimwa. Mamorekuru aya anoita basa rakakosha muzvirimwa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima semishonga yekuuraya sora, biostimulants, uye mukugadzira michero nemiriwo.
Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidzawo kuti ndezvipimahormone ephytoZvakakosha pakuchinja mamiriro ekunze (kushomeka kwemvura, mafashamo, nezvimwewo) uye kuona kuti zvirimwa zvinorarama munzvimbo dzakaoma zvakanyanya. Munyori wechidzidzo ichi ndiSergi Munne-Bosch, purofesa muFaculty of Biology neInstitute of Biodiversity (IRBio) paYunivhesiti yeBarcelona uye mukuru weIntegrated Research Group on Antioxidants in Agricultural Biotechnology.
"Kubva Fritz W. Went paakawana auxin sechinhu chinopatsanura masero muna 1927, kufambira mberi kwesainzi mumahormone emiti kwakachinja biology yemiti netekinoroji yekurima," akadaro Munne-Bosch, purofesa wekushanduka-shanduka kwebiology, ecology, uye sayenzi yezvakatipoteredza.
Pasinei nebasa guru rehurongwa hwemahormone emhando yephytohormone, tsvakiridzo yekuedza munzvimbo iyi haisati yabudirira zvakanyanya. Auxins, cytokinins, uye gibberellins vanoita basa guru mukukura nekukura kwezvirimwa uye, zvichienderana nehurongwa hwemahormone hwakarongwa nevanyori, vanoonekwa sevanodzora zvinhu zvikuru.
Padanho rechipiri,asidhi yeabscisic (ABA), ethylene, salicylates, uye jasmonic acid zvinobatsira kudzora mhinduro dzakanaka dzemiti kumamiriro ekunze anochinja uye ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinosarudza mhinduro dzekushushikana. "Ethylene neabscisic acid zvinonyanya kukosha kana paine dambudziko remvura. Abscisic acid ndiyo inokonzera kuvharwa kwestomata (maburi madiki mumashizha anodzora kuchinjana kwegasi) uye dzimwe mhinduro kudambudziko remvura uye kushaya mvura. Mimwe miriwo inokwanisa kushandisa mvura zvakanaka, zvikuru nekuda kwebasa rekutonga reabscisic acid," anodaro Munne-Bosch. Brassinosteroids, peptide hormones, uye strigolactones zvinoumba nhanho yechitatu yemahormone, zvichipa zvirimwa mukana wekuita zvinoenderana nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana.
Uyezve, mamwe mamorekuru anofanirwa kushandiswa pakugadzira ma phytohormones haasati azadzisa zvese zvinodiwa uye achiri kumirira kuzivikanwa kwekupedzisira. "Melatonin ne γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mienzaniso miviri yakanaka. Melatonin inosangana nezvose zvinodiwa, asi kuzivikanwa kwereceptor yayo kuchiri mumatanho ekutanga (parizvino, PMTR1 receptor yakawanikwa chete muArabidopsis thaliana). Zvisinei, munguva pfupi iri kutevera, nzanga yesainzi inogona kusvika pakubvumirana uye kuisimbisa se phytohormone."
"Kana iri GABA, hapana mareceptor akawanikwa mumiti. GABA inodzora nzira dzemaion, asi zvinoshamisa kuti haisi neurotransmitter inozivikanwa kana hormone yemhuka mumiti," nyanzvi iyi yakati.
Mune ramangwana, tichifunga kuti mapoka e phytohormones haana kukosha kukuru kwesainzi mu biology huru chete asiwo ane kukosha kukuru muminda yekurima uye biotechnology yezvirimwa, zvakakosha kuwedzera ruzivo rwedu rwemapoka e phytohormones.
"Zvakakosha kudzidza ma phytohormones asati anzwisiswa zvakanaka, akadai se strigolactones, brassinosteroids, uye peptide hormones. Tinoda tsvakiridzo yakawanda pamusoro pekudyidzana kwema hormone, inova nzvimbo isinganzwisiswi zvakanaka, pamwe nemamorekuru asati aiswa muzvikamu zve phytohormones, akadai se melatonin ne gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)," akagumisa Sergi Munne-Bosch. Chitubu: Munne-Bosch, S. Phytohormones:
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-13-2025