Mufananidzo: Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuvandudzwa kwechirimwa dzinoda kushandiswa kwezvinomera zvinokura zvinodzora senge mahomoni, ayo anogona kunge ari emarudzi uye anoshanda zvakanyanya. Muchidzidzo chitsva, masayendisiti akagadzira hurongwa hutsva hwekuvandudzwa kwemiti kuburikidza nekugadzirisa basa uye kutaura kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukuparadzanisa (cell proliferation) uye redifferentiation (organogenesis) yemasero emiti. Ona zvimwe
Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuvandudzwa kwechirimwa dzinoda kushandiswa kwechirimwa kukura regulatorszvakaita sehormones, iyo inogona kuve yemhando chaiyo uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Muchidzidzo chitsva, masayendisiti akagadzira hurongwa hutsva hwekuvandudzwa kwemiti kuburikidza nekugadzirisa basa uye kutaura kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukuparadzanisa (cell proliferation) uye redifferentiation (organogenesis) yemasero emiti.
Zvirimwa zvave zvichinyanya kudya kumhuka nevanhu kwemakore akawanda. Mukuwedzera, zvinomera zvinoshandiswa kubvisa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yemishonga uye yekurapa. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwavo zvisizvo uye kudiwa kuri kukura kwezvokudya kunosimbisa kudikanwa kwemitoo mitsva yokuberekesa zvirimwa. Kufambira mberi kwezvinomera zvebiotechnology kunogona kugadzirisa kushomeka kwechikafu mune ramangwana kuburikidza nekugadzira zvirimwa zvakagadziridzwa (GM) zvinobereka zvakanyanya uye zvinoshingirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
Nomuzvarirwo, zvinomera zvinokwanisa kudzoreredza zvirimwa zvitsva kubva kune imwechete "totipotent" sero (sero rinogona kuunza kumarudzi akawanda emasero) nekutsaura uye kusiyanisa mumasero ane akasiyana zvimiro uye mabasa. Artificial conditioning yeakadaro totipotent masero kuburikidza nechirimwa mutishu tsika inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzivirira chirimwa, kubereka, kugadzira transgenic marudzi uye nezvinangwa zvesainzi. Nechinyakare, tsika yenyama yekuvandudzwa kwechirimwa inoda kushandiswa kwezvinomera kukura regulators (GGRs), senge auxins uye cytokinins, kudzora kusiyanisa kwesero. Nekudaro, mamiriro ehomoni akakwana anogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirimwa, mamiriro etsika uye rudzi rwematishu. Naizvozvo, kugadzira mamiriro ekuongorora akakwana anogona kuve basa rinotora nguva uye rinonyanya kushanda.
Kuti vakunde dambudziko iri, Mumwe Muzvinafundo Tomoko Ikawa, pamwe chete naProfessor Mai F. Minamikawa vanobva kuChiba University, Purofesa Hitoshi Sakakibara vanobva kuNagoya University Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences naMikiko Kojima, nyanzvi yenyanzvi kubva kuRIKEN CSRS, vakagadzira nzira yepasi rose yekudzora zvirimwa kuburikidza nemutemo. Tsanangudzo ye "developmentally regulated" (DR) masero ekusiyanisa majini kuti awane kuvandudzwa kwechirimwa. Rakadhindwa muVhoriyamu 15 yeFrontiers muPlant Science muna Kubvumbi 3, 2024, Dr. Ikawa vakapa rumwe ruzivo nezve basa ravo rekutsvagisa, vachiti: "Sitimu yedu haishandise maPGR ekunze, asi panzvimbo pezvo inoshandisa transcription factor genes kudzora kusiyanisa kwesero.
Vanotsvaga ectopically vakaratidza maviri maDR majini, BABY BOOM (BBM) uye WUSCHEL (WUS), kubva kuArabidopsis thaliana (inoshandiswa sechirimwa chemuenzaniso) uye vakaongorora maitiro avo pakusiyaniswa kwetsika yefodya, lettuce uye petunia. BBM inodhinda inodhinda chinhu chinogadzirisa kukura kwe embryonic, nepo WUS ichikodha chinyorwa chinochengetedza stem cell kuzivikanwa munharaunda yepfuti apical meristem.
Kuedza kwavo kwakaratidza kuti kutaura kweArabidopsis BBM kana WUS chete hakuna kukwana kukonzeresa kusiyanisa kwesero mumashizha efodya. Kusiyana neizvi, kuwirirana kweBBM inoshanda yakagadziridzwa uye yakagadziridzwa WUS inoita kuti iwedzere kukurumidza kusiyanisa phenotype. Pasina kushandiswa kwePCR, masero emashizha e-transgenic akasiyaniswa kuva callus (disarganized cell mass), zvimiro zvakasvibirira-zvakaita sezvivakwa uye adventitious buds. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) ongororo, nzira inoshandiswa kuverengera zvinyorwa zvejeni, yakaratidza kuti Arabidopsis BBM neWUS kutaura kwakabatana nekuumbwa kwe transgenic calli uye pfuti.
Tichifunga nezve basa rakakosha rema phytohormones mukupatsanurwa kwesero uye kusiyanisa, vaongorori vakaverengera mazinga matanhatu ephytohormones, anoti auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) uye metabolites ayo muzvirimwa zve transgenic. Mhedzisiro yavo yakaratidza kuti mazinga eanoshanda auxin, cytokinin, ABA, uye isingashande GA inowedzera sezvo masero anosiyana kuita nhengo, achisimbisa mabasa avo mukusiyanisa masero ezvirimwa uye organogenesis.
Mukuwedzera, vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa RNA sequencing transcriptomes, nzira yehutano uye huwandu hwekuongorora kwemajini ekutaura, kuongorora maitiro ekutaura kwemajini mumasero e transgenic anoratidza kushingaira kusiyanisa. Mhedzisiro yavo yakaratidza kuti majini ane chekuita nekuwanda kwesero uye auxin akafumiswa mune akasiyana akadzorwa majini. Kumwe kuongorora uchishandisa qPCR kwakaratidza kuti masero e transgenic akawedzera kana kuderera kutaura kwemajini mana, kusanganisira majini anodzora kusiyanisa masero ezvirimwa, metabolism, organogenesis, uye auxin mhinduro.
Pakazere, mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza nzira nyowani uye inosiyana-siyana yekudyara patsva isingade kushandiswa kwekunze kwePCR. Pamusoro pezvo, sisitimu inoshandiswa muchidzidzo chino inogona kunatsa manzwisisiro edu emaitiro akakosha ekusiyanisa masero ezvirimwa uye kugadzirisa kusarudzwa kwebiotechnological yemhando dzezvirimwa zvinobatsira.
Achisimbisa zvingangoitwa zvebasa rake, Dr. Ikawa akati, "Iyo nzira yakashumwa inogona kuvandudza kubereka kwemiti nekupa chigadziro chekukonzera kusiyana kwemasero emasero emiti ye transgenic pasina kudiwa kwePCR. Naizvozvo, miti ye transgenic isati yagamuchirwa sezvigadzirwa, nzanga ichakurumidzira kubereka kwemiti uye kuderedza mari yekugadzirwa kwakabatana."
Nezve Associate Purofesa Tomoko Igawa Dr. Tomoko Ikawa mubatsiri wepurofesa paGraduate School of Horticulture, Center for Molecular Plant Sciences, uye Center for Space Agriculture uye Horticulture Research, Chiba University, Japan. Zvido zvake zvekutsvagisa zvinosanganisira kuberekana kwechirimwa nekusimudzira uye chirimwa biotechnology. Basa rake rinotarisa pakunzwisisa mamorekuru ekuita zvepabonde uye kusiyanisa masero ekudyara uchishandisa akasiyana transgenic masisitimu. Ane zvinyorwa zvakati wandei mundima idzi uye inhengo yeJapan Society of Plant Biotechnology, Botanical Society yeJapan, Japanese Plant Breeding Society, Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, uye International Society for the Study of Plant Sexual Reproduction.
Kuzvimiririra kusiyanisa kwemasero e transgenic pasina kushandiswa kwekunze kwemahomoni: kutaura kwemajini ekupedzisira uye maitiro e phytohormones.
Vanyori vanozivisa kuti tsvakiridzo yakaitwa pasina hukama hwekutengesa kana hwemari hunogona kutorwa sekukonana kwekufarira.
Disclaimer: AAAS neEurekAlert havasi ivo vane mhosva yekurongeka kwenhau dzakaburitswa paEurekAlert! Chero kushandiswa kweruzivo nesangano rinopa ruzivo kana kuburikidza neEurekAlert system.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-22-2024