Mufananidzo: Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuvandudza zvirimwa dzinoda kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvakaita semahormone, ayo anogona kunge akasiyana nemarudzi uye anoshandisa simba rakawanda. Muchidzidzo chitsva, masayendisiti akagadzira nzira itsva yekugadzirisa zvirimwa nekudzora mashandiro uye kutaura kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukubvisa kusiyana (kukura kwemasero) uye kusiyanisa (organogenesis) kwemasero ezvirimwa. Ona zvimwe
Nzira dzechinyakare dzekuvandudza zvirimwa dzinoda kushandiswa kwevanodzora kukura kwezvirimwazvakaita sehormonis, izvo zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinoda simba rakawanda. Muchidzidzo chitsva, masayendisiti akagadzira nzira itsva yekuvandudza zvirimwa nekudzora mashandiro uye kutaura kwemajini anobatanidzwa mukubvisa kusiyana (kukura kwemasero) uye kusiyanisa (organogenesis) kwemasero ezvirimwa.
Zvirimwa zvave zvichipa chikafu chikuru kumhuka nevanhu kwemakore mazhinji. Pamusoro pezvo, zvirimwa izvi zvinoshandiswa kubvisa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana uye mishonga. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwavo zvisina kunaka uye kuwedzera kwekuda kwechikafu zvinoratidza kudiwa kwenzira itsva dzekuberekesa zvirimwa. Kufambira mberi mu biotechnology yezvirimwa kunogona kugadzirisa kushomeka kwechikafu mune ramangwana nekugadzira zvirimwa zvakagadziriswa majini (GM) zvinobereka zvakawanda uye zvinotsungirira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Zviri pachena kuti zvirimwa zvinogona kuburitsa zvirimwa zvitsva kubva kumasero rimwe chete rekuti "totipotent" (sero rinogona kukonzera marudzi akawanda emasero) nekubvisa musiyano uye kusiyanisa kuita masero ane maumbirwo akasiyana uye mabasa. Kugadzirisa masero akadaro ekuti totipotent kuburikidza nekurima zvirimwa kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzivirira zvirimwa, kubereka, kugadzira zvisikwa zve transgenic uye nekuda kwekutsvaga kwesainzi. Netsika, kurima masero ekugadzira zvirimwa kunoda kushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa (GGRs), zvakaita seauxins ne cytokinins, kudzora kusiyana kwemasero. Zvisinei, mamiriro ekunze akanaka emahormone anogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nemarudzi ezvirimwa, mamiriro ekukura uye rudzi rwemuviri. Nokudaro, kugadzira mamiriro ekunze akanaka ekutsvaga kunogona kuva basa rinotora nguva uye rinoda simba.
Kuti vakunde dambudziko iri, Mubatsiri wePurofesa Tomoko Ikawa, pamwe chete neMubatsiri wePurofesa Mai F. Minamikawa vekuChiba University, Purofesa Hitoshi Sakakibara vekuNagoya University Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences naMikiko Kojima, nyanzvi yetekiniki kubva kuRIKEN CSRS, vakagadzira nzira yepasi rose yekudzora zvirimwa kuburikidza nemutemo. Kuratidzwa kwemajini e "developmentally regulated" (DR) masero ekusiyanisa kuti zvirimwa zvigadzirwe patsva. Yakaburitswa muVhoriyamu 15 yeFrontiers in Plant Science musi wa3 Kubvumbi, 2024, Dr. Ikawa vakapa rumwe ruzivo nezvebasa ravo rekutsvagisa, vachiti: "Sisitimu yedu haishandisi maPGR ekunze, asi panzvimbo pezvo inoshandisa majini etranscription factor kudzora kusiyana kwemasero. zvakafanana nemasero ane pluripotent anokonzerwa mumhuka dzinoyamwisa."
Vaongorori vakaratidza majini maviri eDR, BABY BOOM (BBM) neWUSCHEL (WUS), kubva kuArabidopsis thaliana (inoshandiswa semuti wemuenzaniso) uye vakaongorora mashandiro awo pakusiyana kwetsika dzefodya, lettuce nepetunia muzvikamu zvemuviri. BBM inoburitsa transcription factor inodzora kukura kwemwana ari mudumbu, nepo WUS inoburitsa transcription factor inochengetedza kuzivikanwa kwemasero ekutanga munzvimbo yemuti apical meristem.
Kuedza kwavo kwakaratidza kuti kuratidzwa kweArabidopsis BBM kana WUS chete hakuna kukwana kukonzera kusiyana kwemasero mumashizha efodya. Kusiyana neizvi, kuratidzwa kweBBM yakawedzerwa mashandiro uye WUS yakagadziriswa mashandiro kunoita kuti pave nekusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kunokurumidza. Pasina kushandisa PCR, masero emashizha e transgenic akapatsanurwa kuita callus (masero asina kurongeka), zvivakwa zvakaita senhengo dzegirini uye buds dzinobuda. Kuongororwa kwequantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), nzira inoshandiswa kuyera zvinyorwa zvemajini, yakaratidza kuti kuratidzwa kweArabidopsis BBM neWUS kwakabatana nekuumbwa kwe transgenic calli uye shoots.
Vachifunga nezvebasa guru rema phytohormones mukupatsanurwa kwemasero nekupatsanurwa kwawo, vaongorori vakayera huwandu hwema phytohormones matanhatu, anoti auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) uye metabolites ayo muzvirimwa zvezvirimwa zvakachinja genic. Zvakabuda muongororo yavo zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hwe active auxin, cytokinin, ABA, uye inactive GA hunowedzera sezvo masero achisiyana kuita nhengo, zvichiratidza mabasa awo mukupatsanurwa kwemasero ezvirimwa uye organogenesis.
Pamusoro pezvo, vaongorori vakashandisa RNA sequencing transcriptomes, nzira yekuongorora qualitative uye quantitative expression yemajini, kuti vaongorore maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemajini mumasero e transgenic anoratidza active differentiation. Zvakabuda muongororo yavo zvakaratidza kuti majini ane chekuita nekuwanda kwemasero uye auxin akapfuma mumajini akagadziriswa zvakasiyana. Ongororo yakawedzerwa uchishandisa qPCR yakaratidza kuti masero e transgenic akanga awedzera kana kuderedza kuratidzwa kwemajini mana, kusanganisira majini anodzora kusiyanisa kwemasero ezvirimwa, metabolism, organogenesis, uye auxin response.
Zvose izvi zvinoratidza nzira itsva uye inoshanda yekuvandudza zvirimwa isingade kushandiswa kwePCR kunze. Pamusoro pezvo, sisitimu inoshandiswa muchidzidzo ichi inogona kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwedu maitiro ekutanga ekusiyanisa masero ezvirimwa uye kuvandudza kusarudzwa kwebiotechnology yemarudzi emiti anobatsira.
Vachiratidza mashandisirwo angangoitwa basa ravo, Dr. Ikawa vakati, “Sisitimu iyi inogona kuvandudza kubereka kwezvirimwa nekupa chishandiso chekukonzera kusiyana kwemasero ezvirimwa zvakachinjika pasina chikonzero chePCR. Saka, zvirimwa zvakachinjika zvisati zvagamuchirwa sezvigadzirwa, nzanga ichakurumidzisa kubereka kwezvirimwa uye kuderedza mari inoenderana nazvo pakugadzira.”
Nezve Associate Purofesa Tomoko Igawa Dr. Tomoko Ikawa mubatsiri wepurofesa paGraduate School of Horticulture, Center for Molecular Plant Sciences, uye Center for Space Agriculture and Horticulture Research, Chiba University, Japan. Zvaanofarira pakutsvagisa zvinosanganisira kubereka nekukura kwezvirimwa ne biotechnology. Basa rake rinotarisa pakunzwisisa mashandiro emamorekuru ekubereka nekuita masero ezvirimwa achishandisa masisitimu akasiyana-siyana e transgenic. Ane mabhuku akati wandei muminda iyi uye inhengo yeJapan Society of Plant Biotechnology, Botanical Society of Japan, Japanese Plant Breeding Society, Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists, uye International Society for the Study of Plant Sexual Reproduction.
Kusiyanisa kwemasero e transgenic pasina kushandisa mahormone ekunze: kutaura kwemajini emukati uye maitiro e phytohormones
Vanyori vanoti tsvakiridzo iyi yakaitwa pasina hukama hwezvekutengeserana kana hwemari hunogona kutsanangurwa sekupesana kwezvido.
Chiziviso: AAAS neEurekAlert hazvina mhosva yekururama kwemashoko enhau anoburitswa paEurekAlert! Chero kushandiswa kweruzivo nesangano rinopa ruzivo kana kuburikidza nehurongwa hweEurekAlert.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-22-2024