Pashure peHondo Yenyika II muma1950, kupararira kwetsikidzi kwakapotsa kupedzwa pasi rose kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemishonga.mushonga wezvipembenenedichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, inozivikanwa zviri nani seDDT, kemikari yakarambidzwa kubva ipapo. Zvisinei, zvipembenene zvomumaguta zvakatangazve kupota nyika yose, uye zvakavamba kusakurira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakawanda inoshandiswa kuzvidzora.
Chidzidzo chakaburitswa muJournal yeMedical Entomology inotsanangura kuti timu yekutsvagisa kubva kuVirginia Tech, inotungamirwa neanomologist yemaguta Warren Booth, yakawana shanduko yemajini inogona kutungamira mukupokana kwezvipembenene.
Kuwanikwa kwacho kwaive mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa Booth yakarongerwa mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza Camilla Block kuti avandudze hunyanzvi hwake mukutsvaga kwemamorekuru.
Booth, uyo anoona nezvezvipembenene zvemumaguta, akanga aona kwenguva refu kuchinja kwemajini mumasero etsinga dzemapete eGermany nenhunzi chena izvo zvakaita kuti dzisamirire mishonga yezvipembenene. Booth akakurudzira kuti Block itore sampuli yetsikidzi yemubhedha kubva kune yega yega 134 akasiyana twupukanana akaunganidzwa nemakambani ekuNorth America anodzora tumbuyu pakati pa2008 na2022 kuti vaone kana vese vaive nekuchinja kwesero. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti tsikidzi mbiri dzepamubhedha kubva kuvanhu vaviri vakasiyana vaive nesero mutation.
"Aya ndiwo masampuli angu ekupedzisira makumi maviri nemana," akadaro Bullock, anodzidza entomology uye inhengo yeInvasive Species Partnership. “Handisati ndamboita nzvero yemolecular, saka kuva nounyanzvi hwose uhwu hwemamorekuru kwaikosha kwandiri.”
Nekuti tsikidzi dzemubhedha dzakafanana nekuda kwekuberekana kwevanhu vakawanda, mufananidzo mumwe chete kubva kumuenzaniso wega wega unowanzomiririra huwandu hwevanhu. Asi Booth aida kusimbisa kuti Bullock aive awana shanduko, saka vakaedza masampuli ese kubva kune ese akaonekwa vanhu.
"Patakadzoka tikaongorora vanhu vashoma kubva muvanhu vese, takaona kuti mumwe nemumwe wavo aive nekuchinja," akadaro Booth. "Saka shanduko dzadzo dzakagadziriswa, uye ndidzo shanduko dzatakawana mupete reGerman."
Nekudzidza mapete eGerman, Booth akadzidza kuti kuramba kwavo mishonga yezvipembenene kwaikonzerwa nekushanduka kwemajini mumasero etsinga dzetsinga uye kuti nzira idzi dzakatemerwa zvakatipoteredza.
“Kune jini rinonzi Rdl gene. Iri jena rakawanwa mune mamwe marudzi akawanda ezvipembenene uye rinobatanidzwa nokudzivisa mushonga unouraya zvipembenene unonzi dieldrin,” akadaro Booth, anoshandawo paFralin Institute of Life Sciences. “Kuchinja uku kunowanikwa mumapete ose eGermany.
Fipronil nedieldrin, zvipembenene zviviri zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinoshanda kurwisa tsikidzi murabhoritari, zvinoshanda nenzira imwechete yekuita, saka shanduko yacho yakaita kuti chipembenene chisamirire kune ese ari maviri, akadaro Booth. Dieldrin yakarambidzwa kubva kuma1990, asi fipronil ikozvino inoshandiswa chete kune topical flea control pamakatsi nembwa, kwete yebugs.
Booth anofungidzira kuti vazhinji varidzi vezvipfuyo vanoshandisa topical fipronil kurapwa vanobvumira katsi nembwa dzavo kurara navo, vachiisa pachena mibhedha yavo kune zvakasara zvefipronil. Kana tsikidzi dzakaunzwa munzvimbo yakadai, dzinogona kuoneswa fipronil nekusaziva, uyezve shanduko yacho inogona kusarudzirwa muhuwandu hwebhedha.
"Hatizive kuti shanduko iyi itsva here, kana yakazomuka mushure meizvi, ingave yakamuka panguva iyi, kana kuti yaivepo muhuwandu makore zana apfuura," Booth akadaro.
Nhanho inotevera ichave yekuwedzera kutsvaga uye kutsvaga shanduko idzi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi, kunyanya muEurope, uye panguva dzakasiyana pakati pemienzaniso yemumuseum, sezvo tsikidzi dzemibhedha dzavepo kweanopfuura miriyoni yemakore.
MunaNovember 2024, Booth's lab yakabudirira kuteedzera genome rese reyakajairika mubhedha bug kekutanga.
Booth akacherekedza kuti dambudziko remumyuziyamu DNA nderekuti inoputsika kuita zvidimbu zvidiki nekukurumidza, asi iko zvino vaongorori vaine matemplate padanho rekromosome, vanogona kutora zvimedu izvozvo vozvirongazve kuita makromosomes, vachigadzirazve majini uye genome.
Booth akacherekedza kuti murabhoritari wake anodyidzana nemakambani anodzora zvipembenene, saka basa ravo rekutevedzana kwemajini rinogona kuvabatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani kunowanikwa tsikidzi pasi rese uye nekubatsira kubvisa.
Iye zvino Bullock akakudza hunyanzvi hwake hwemamorekuru, ari kutarisira kuenderera mberi netsvagiridzo yake mukushanduka kwemaguta.
"Ndinoda evolution. Ndinofunga inonakidza," akadaro Block. “Vanhu vari kukudziridza hukama hwakadzama nemhando dzemumaguta idzi, uye ndinofunga kuti zviri nyore kuita kuti vanhu vafarire tsikidzi nekuti vanogona kuzvinzwisisa pachavo.
Nguva yekutumira: May-13-2025