Mushure meHondo Yenyika II muma1950, hutachiona hwezvipembenene hwakanga hwava kuda kupera pasi rose kuburikidza nekushandisa nzira yemushonga wezvipembenenedichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, inozivikanwa zviri nani seDDT, kemikari yakarambidzwa kubvira ipapo. Zvisinei, zvipembenene zvemumaguta zvakadzokazve pasi rose, uye zvakava nekudzivirira kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana emishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa kuzvirwisa.
Chidzidzo chakaburitswa muJournal of Medical Entomology chinotsanangura kuti chikwata chevaongorori kubva kuVirginia Tech, chinotungamirwa nenyanzvi yezvipembenene mumaguta Warren Booth, chakawana sei shanduko dzemajini dzinogona kukonzera kusabatwa kwezvipembenene.
Kuwanikwa uku kwakakonzerwa neongororo yakarongwa naBooth yemudzidzi wepayunivhesiti Camilla Block kuti avandudze hunyanzvi hwake mukutsvagisa mamorekuru.
Booth, uyo anonyanya kugadzira zvipembenene zvemumaguta, akanga aona kwenguva refu kuchinja kwemajini mumasero etsinga dzemapete emuGerman nenhunzi chena izvo zvakaita kuti dzisabatwa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Booth akapa zano rekuti Block itore sampuro yezvipembenene zvemubhedha mumwe chete kubva kune imwe neimwe yezvipembenene zvemubhedha 134 zvakasiyana zvakaunganidzwa nemakambani ekuNorth America ekudzivirira zvipembenene pakati pa2008 na2022 kuti vaone kana zvese zvaive nekuchinja kwemasero kwakafanana. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti zvipembenene zviviri zvemubhedha kubva mumarudzi maviri akasiyana zvaive nekuchinja kwemasero kwakafanana.
"Idzi ndidzo sampuro dzangu dzekupedzisira makumi maviri nemana," akadaro Bullock, uyo anodzidza nezvezvipembenene uye ari nhengo yeInvasive Species Partnership. "Handisati ndamboita tsvakurudzo yemamorekuru kare, saka kuva nehunyanzvi hwese hwemamorekuru kwaikosha kwandiri."
Nekuti hutachiona hwezvikwekwe pamubhedha hwakafanana majini nekuda kwekuberekana kwezvikwekwe zvakawanda, muenzaniso mumwe chete kubva pamuenzaniso wega wega unowanzo ratidza huwandu hwevanhu. Asi Booth aida kusimbisa kuti Bullock akawana shanduko iyi zvechokwadi, saka vakaedza mienzaniso yese kubva kumarudzi ese maviri akawanikwa.
"Patakadzokera shure tikaongorora vanhu vashoma kubva mumapoka ese ari maviri, takaona kuti mumwe nemumwe wavo aive nekuchinja kwemuviri," akadaro Booth. "Saka kuchinja kwavo kwakagadzikana, uye ndiko kuchinja kwakafanana kwatakawana muGerman cockroach."
Nekudzidza nezvemapete ekuGermany, Booth akadzidza kuti kuramba kwawo mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kwakakonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini mumasero etsinga uye kuti mashandiro aya aisarudzwa nezvakatipoteredza.
"Kune gene rinonzi Rdl gene. Gene iri rakawanikwa mune dzimwe mhando dzakawanda dzezvipembenene uye rinobatanidzwa nekudzivirira mushonga wezvipembenene unonzi dieldrin," akadaro Booth, uyo anoshandawo kuFralin Institute of Life Sciences. "Kuchinja uku kuripo mumapete ese ekuGermany. Zvinoshamisa kuti hatina kuwana huwandu husina kuchinja uku."
Fipronil na dieldrin, mishonga miviri yezvipembenene yakaratidzwa kuti inoshanda pakurwisa zvipembenene zvepamubhedha murabhoritari, inoshanda nenzira imwe chete, saka shanduko iyi yakaita kuti zvipembenene zvisarambe kubatwa nazvo, akadaro Booth. Dieldrin yakarambidzwa kubvira kuma1990, asi fipronil ikozvino inoshandiswa chete pakurwisa nhata dzekatsi nembwa, kwete zvipembenene zvepamubhedha.
Booth anofungidzira kuti varidzi vazhinji vezvipfuyo vanoshandisa mishonga ye fipronil inobvisa utachiona vanobvumira katsi nembwa dzavo kurara nadzo, zvichiita kuti magumbeze avo asvibirwe ne fipronil residues. Kana zvipembenene zvikaiswa munzvimbo yakadaro, zvinogona kusvibirwa ne fipronil netsaona, uye shanduko yacho inogona kusarudzwa muhuwandu hwezvipembenene.
"Hatizivi kana shanduko iyi iri itsva, kana yakaitika mushure meizvi, kana kuti yakaitika munguva iyi, kana kuti yaitovapo muvanhu ava makore zana apfuura," akadaro Booth.
Danho rinotevera richave rekuwedzera kutsvaga nekutsvaga shanduko idzi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi rose, kunyanya muEurope, uye panguva dzakasiyana pakati pezvinhu zvemumiziyamu, sezvo tsikidzi dzavepo kwemakore anopfuura miriyoni.
Muna Mbudzi 2024, rabhoritari yaBooth yakakwanisa kurongeka magene ese echirwere chegonye kekutanga.
Booth akataura kuti dambudziko riripo neDNA yemumyuziyamu nderekuti inopatsanuka kuita zvidimbu zvidiki nekukurumidza, asi zvino vaongorori zvavava nematemplate padanho rechromosome, vanogona kutora zvidimbu izvozvo vozvigadzirisa kuita machromosome, vachivakazve majini negenome.
Booth akataura kuti rabhoritari yake inoshanda pamwe chete nemakambani ekudzivirira zvipembenene, saka basa ravo rekuongorora majini rinogona kuvabatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti zvipembenene zvinowanikwa kupi pasi rose uye kuti vangabatsira sei kuzvibvisa.
Zvino Bullock zvaavandudza hunyanzvi hwake hwemamorekuru, ari kutarisira kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga kwake nezvekushanduka-shanduka kwemaguta.
"Ndinoda shanduko. Ndinofunga kuti zvinonakidza chaizvo," akadaro Block. "Vanhu vari kuwedzera hukama hwakadzama nemarudzi aya emumaguta, uye ndinofunga kuti zviri nyore kuita kuti vanhu vafarire zvipembenene zvepamubhedha nekuti vanogona kuzvinzwisisa vega."
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-13-2025