Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, zvipembenene zvakaparadza pasi rose, asi muma1950 zvakapotsa zvaparadzwa zvachose nemushonga wezvipembenene dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Kemikari iyi yakazorambidzwa. Kubva ipapo, zvipembenene izvi zvemumaguta zvakadzoka pasi rose uye zvakatanga kusakwanisa kurwisa zvipembenene zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa kuzvirwisa.
Chidzidzo chakaburitswa muJournal of Medical Entomology chinotsanangura kuti chikwata chevaongorori kubva kuVirginia Tech, chinotungamirwa nenyanzvi yezvipembenene zvemumaguta Warren Booth, chakawana sei shanduko yemajini inogona kutungamira mukusadzivirira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene.
Zvakawanikwa izvi zvakabuda muongororo yakaitwa neBooth yakagadzirirwa mudzidzi wepayunivhesiti Camille Block kuti akudziridze hunyanzvi hwake mukutsvagisa mamorekuru.
"Yaiva rwendo rwekubata hove chete," akadaro Booth, purofesa wezvezvipembenene zvemumaguta muJoseph R. naMary W. Wilson College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
Booth, nyanzvi yezvipembenene muguta, aitoziva nezvekuchinja kwemajini mumasero etsinga dzemapete ekuGermany nenhunzi chena izvo zvaidzivirira zvipembenene. Booth akapa zano kuna Brooke kuti aongorore muenzaniso mumwe chete wezvipembenene kubva kune imwe neimwe yemarudzi 134 akasiyana akaunganidzwa nekambani yekuNorth America inodzora zvipembenene pakati pa2008 na2022 kuti vaone kana zvaive nekuchinja kwemasero kwakafanana. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti zvipembenene zviviri kubva mumapoka maviri akasiyana zvaive nekuchinja uku.
"Izvi (zvakawanikwa) zvakanyatso gadzirwa zvichibva pane zvandakawana makumi maviri nemana zvekupedzisira," akadaro Block, uyo anodzidza nezvezvipembenene uye ari nhengo yeInvasive Species Collaboration. "Handisati ndambodzidza nezvebiology yemamorekuru, saka kudzidza hunyanzvi uhu kwakakosha kwandiri."
Nekuti huwandu hwenhunzi dzepamubhedha hwakafanana zvikuru, kunyanya nekuda kwekuberekana kwemhuka dzakasiyana, muenzaniso mumwe chete kubva kurudzi rumwe nerumwe unowanzo kukwana kumiririra boka rese. Zvisinei, kuti aone kuti Brock akanga awana shanduko iyi zvechokwadi, Booth akaedza sampuli dzese kubva kurudzi mbiri dzakaonekwa.
"Patakaedzazve vanhu vakati wandei mumapoka ese ari maviri, takaona kuti vese vaive nekuchinja uku," akadaro Booth. "Saka vakazozivikanwa sevatakuri vekuchinja uku, uye kuchinja uku ndiko kwatakawana mumapete ekuGermany."
Kuburikidza netsvagurudzo yake pamusoro pemapete ekuGermany, Booth akadzidza kuti kuramba kwawo mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kwakakonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini mumasero etsinga dzavo, uye kuti mashandiro aya aitsamira pane zvakatipoteredza.
"Kune gene rinonzi Rdl gene. Rakawanikwa mune dzimwe mhando dzakawanda dzezvipembenene uye rine chekuita nekudzivirira zvipembenene kubva ku dieldrin," akadaro Booth, muongorori weFralin Institute of Life Sciences. "Kuchinja uku kuripo mumapete ese ekuGermany. Zvinoshamisa kuti hatina kuwana huwandu husina kuchinja uku."
Sekureva kwaBooth, fipronil nedieldrin—mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakaratidzwa kuti inoshanda pakurwisa zvipembenene pamubhedha muzvidzidzo zverabhoritari—ine nzira imwechete yekushanda, saka maererano nedzidziso, shanduko iyi inogona kutungamira mukusimudzirwa kwekusagona kurwisa mishonga yese iri miviri. Dieldrin yakarambidzwa kubvira kuma1990, asi fipronil ichiri kushandiswa kurapa nhata dzembwa nekatsi, kwete kudzora zvipembenene pamubhedha.
Booth anofungidzira kuti varidzi vazhinji vezvipfuyo vanoshandisa madonhwe efipronil kurapa zvipfuyo zvavo vanobvumira katsi nembwa dzavo kurara nadzo, zvichiita kuti magumbeze avo asvibirwe nefipronil. Kana zvikwekwe zvikapinda munzvimbo yakadaro, zvinogona kusangana nefipronil nemaune uye zvinogona kukonzera kuwanda kwerudzi urwu muvanhu.
"Hatizivi kana shanduko iyi iri itsva, kana yakaonekwa gare gare, munguva iyoyo, kana kuti yaitovapo muvanhu ava makore zana apfuura," akadaro Booth.
Danho rinotevera richave rekuwedzera kutsvaga kwekuona shanduko idzi pasi rose, kunyanya muEurope, uye muzviratidzwa zvemamiziyamu kubva panguva dzakasiyana, sezvo tsikidzi dzave dziripo kwemakore anopfuura miriyoni.
Muna Mbudzi 2024, Booth Labs yakava rabhoritari yekutanga kurongeka zvinobudirira kwe genome yese ye common bed bug.
"Iyi ndiyo nguva yekutanga kuti genome yezvipembenene izvi iongororwe," akadaro Booth. "Zvino zvatava negenome sequence, tinogona kudzidza sampuli idzi dzemumiziyamu."
Booth anoti dambudziko riripo neDNA yemumyuziyamu nderekuti inopatsanuka kuita zvidimbu zvidiki nekukurumidza, asi vaongorori ikozvino vane matemplate emazinga emakromosomu anovabvumira kubvisa zvidimbu izvi uye kuzvibatanidza nemakromosomu aya kuti vagadzirezve majini nemajini.
Booth anoti rabhoritari yake inoshanda pamwe chete nemakambani ekudzivirira zvipembenene, saka basa ravo rekuongorora majini rinogona kuvabatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani kupararira kwezvipembenene pasi rose uye nzira dzekuzviparadza.
Zvino Brock zvaavandudza hunyanzvi hwake mu molecular biology, anofara kuramba achitsvagurudza nezvekushanduka-shanduka kwemaguta.
"Ndinoda shanduko. Ndinozviona zvichinakidza zvikuru," akadaro Block. "Vanhu vanonzwa hukama hwakanaka nemarudzi aya emumaguta, uye ndinofunga kuti zviri nyore kuita kuti vanhu vafarire zvipembenene zvepamubhedha nekuti pamwe vakambosangana nazvo vega."
Lindsay Myers inyanzvi yekutsvagisa mushure me postdoctoral muDhipatimendi reEntomology uye imwe nhengo yeboka rekutsvagisa raBooth kuVirginia Tech.
Virginia Tech, seyunivhesiti yepasi rose inotsigirwa neveruzhinji, inoratidza simba rayo nekusimudzira budiriro inoenderera mberi munharaunda dzedu, muVirginia, nepasi rese.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-12-2025