Aedes aegypti ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera mavhairasi akawanda e-arbovirus (akadai sedengue, chikungunya, uye Zika) anokonzera kupararira kwezvirwere zvevanhu munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dziri pasi pemvura. Kudzora kupararira kwezvirwere izvi kunoenderana nekudzora kupararira kwezvirwere, kazhinji kuburikidza nekupfapfaidza zvipembenene zvinonanga umhutu hwechikadzi hwakura. Zvisinei, kufukidzwa kwenzvimbo uye kuwanda kwekupfapfaidza kunodiwa kuti zvibudirire hazvina kujeka. Muchidzidzo chino, tinotsanangura kukanganisa kupfapfaidza zvipembenene mumba ne-ultra-low volume (ULV) pyrethroid muhuwandu hweumhutu hweAedes aegypti hwemhuri.
Zvakabuda muongororo yedu zvinoratidza kuti kudzikira kwehuwandu hweAedes aegypti mumhuri kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekupfapfaidza kuri kuitika mumhuri imwe chete, pasina chimwe chinokonzerwa nekupfapfaidza mumhuri dziri pedyo. Kushanda zvakanaka kwepfapfaidza kunofanirwa kuyerwa zvichienderana nenguva kubva pakupfapfaidza kwekupedzisira, sezvo tisina kuwana mhedzisiro yakawanda kubva mukupfapfaidza kwakatevedzana. Zvichibva pamuenzaniso wedu, tinofungidzira kuti kushanda zvakanaka kwepfapfaidza kunoderera ne50% anenge mazuva makumi maviri nemasere mushure mekupfapfaidza.
Kuderera kwehuwandu hweAedes aegypti mumhuri kwainyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hwemazuva kubva pakaitwa kupfapfaidza kwekupedzisira mumhuri iyoyo, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekupfapfaidza munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru, nekuwanda kwekupfapfaidza kunoenderana nekupararira kwehutachiona munharaunda.
Muchidzidzo ichi, takashandisa data kubva mumiedzo miviri mikuru yekupfapfaidza pyrethroid inodzokororwa kakawanda muguta reIquitos, mudunhu rePeruvian Amazon kuti tifungidzire kukanganiswa kwekupfapfaidza pyrethroid inopararira zvakanyanya muhuwandu hwemumhutu weAedes aegypti uri mumba, zvichipfuura miganhu yemhuri imwe chete. Ongororo yapfuura yakafungidzira mhedzisiro yekurapa pyrethroid inopararira zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekuti mhuri dziri mukati here kana kunze kwenzvimbo yakakura yekupindira. Muchidzidzo ichi, chinangwa chedu ndechekuparadzanisa mhedzisiro yekurapa padanho rakanaka remhuri imwe neimwe kuti tinzwisise mupiro wekurapa mukati memhuri zvichienzaniswa nekurapa mumhuri dziri pedyo. Nekufamba kwenguva, takafungidzira mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwekupfapfaidza kudzokorora zvichienzaniswa nekuderedza kupfapfaidza kwazvino paAedes aegypti mudzimba dzehuku kuti tinzwisise kuwanda kwekupfapfaidza kunodiwa uye kuongorora kudzikira kwekushanda kwekupfapfaidza nekufamba kwenguva. Ongororo iyi inogona kubatsira mukuvandudza nzira dzekudzora vector uye kupa ruzivo rwekuenzanisa mamodheru kuti afanotaura kushanda kwawo.
Mhedzisiro yekufarira inotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwese hweAedes aegypti yevakuru yakaunganidzwa pamhuri i uye nguva t, iyo inoenzanisirwa muchimiro cheBayesian chemazinga akawanda uchishandisa kugoverwa kwebinomial kutsanangura kupararira kwakanyanya, kunyanya sezvo nhamba huru yeAedes aegypti adults yakaunganidzwa. Zvichienderana nemusiyano wenzvimbo uye magadzirirwo ekuyedza pakati pezvidzidzo zviviri, mamodheru ese akasarudzwa akaiswa mudatasets eS-2013 neL-2014, zvichiteerana. Mamodheru akasarudzwa anogadzirwa zvichienderana nefomu rakajairika:
a inomiririra chero imwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzinoyera simba rekupfapfaidza pamba panguva t, sezvakatsanangurwa pazasi.
b inomiririra chero imwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzinoyera simba rekupfapfaidza pavavakidzani vari pedyo nemba panguva t, sezvakatsanangurwa pazasi.
Takaedza nhamba iri nyore ye b nekuverenga huwandu hwemhuri dziri mukati me ring padaro rakatarwa kubva kumhuri i dzakapfapfaidzwa vhiki isati yasvika t.
apo h iri nhamba yemhuri dziri mu ring r, uye r iri daro riri pakati pe ring nemhuri i. Daro riri pakati pe ring rinopihwa zvichibva pazvinhu zvinotevera:
Muenzaniso wemhando yepamusoro unokodzera mabasa ekushandisa spray mukati memba. Mutsetse mutsvuku wakakora unomiririra muenzaniso unonyatsokodzera, mutsetse wakakora uchimiririra muenzaniso unonyatsokodzera uye mimwe mitsetse yakakora ichimiririra mamodheru ane WAIC isina kusiyana zvakanyanya neWAIC yemuenzaniso unonyatsokodzera. Basa rekuora kweBA rinoshandiswa kune huwandu hwemazuva kubva pakupfapfaidza kwekupedzisira ari mumamodheru mashanu akanakisa akakodzera zvichienderana neavhareji yeWAIC ranking mukuyedza kuviri.
Modhi iyi yakafungidzira kuti kushanda kwemushonga wekupfapfaidza kwakaderera ne50% mazuva makumi maviri nemasere mushure mekupfapfaidza, nepo huwandu hwemushonga weAedes aegypti hwakanga hwava pedyo nekupora mushure memazuva makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu mushure mekupfapfaidza.
Muchidzidzo chino, tinotsanangura kukanganisa kwekupfapfaidza kwepyrethrin mukati meimba pahuwandu hweAedes aegypti hwemukati maererano nezviitiko zvekupfapfaidza zvinoitika panguva uye munzvimbo dziri pedyo nemba. Kunzwisisa zviri nani nguva uye huwandu hwenzvimbo yekupfapfaidza pahuwandu hweAedes aegypti kuchabatsira kuona zvinangwa zvakanakisisa zvekufukidza nzvimbo uye kuwanda kwekupfapfaidza kunodiwa panguva yekupindira kwekudzora vector, uye zvichapa hwaro hwekuenzanisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzora vector. ruzivo. Zvatakawana zvinoratidza kuti kudzikira kwehuwandu hweAedes aegypti hwemukati memba kunokonzerwa nekupfapfaidza mumba imwe chete, pasina imwe mhedzisiro kubva mukupfapfaidza nemhuri dziri munzvimbo dziri pedyo. Mhedzisiro yekupfapfaidza pahuwandu hweAedes aegypti hwemukati inoenderana nenguva kubva pakupfapfaidza kwekupedzisira uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemazuva makumi matanhatu. Hapana kudzikira kwehuwandu hweAedes aegypti kwakaonekwa nekuda kwemhedzisiro yakawanda yezviitiko zvakawanda zvekupfapfaidza mukati memba. Kazhinji, huwandu hweAedes aegypti hwaderera. Huwandu hweumhutu hweAedes aegypti mumba hunonyanya kuenderana nenguva yapfuura kubva payakapedzisira kupfapfaidzwa mumba iyoyo.
Chinhu chakakosha pakudzidza kwedu ndechekuti hatina kudzora zera reumhutu hweAedes aegypti hwakaunganidzwa. Ongororo dzakapfuura dzekuedza uku [14] dzakaratidza kuti kupararira kwezera reumhutu hweAedes aegypti hwaiwanzova hudiki (huwandu hwakawanda hwehumhutu hweunulliparous) munzvimbo yekupfapfaidza yeL-2014 zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo yebuffer. Saka, kunyangwe tisina kuwana rimwe basa rekuwedzera rezviitiko zvekupfapfaidza mumhuri dzakapoteredza pakuwanda kweAedes aegypti mumhuri yakapihwa, hatigone kuva nechokwadi chekuti hapana mhedzisiro yenzvimbo pahuwandu hweAedes aegypti munzvimbo dzinoitika zviitiko zvekupfapfaidza kakawanda.
Zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvechidzidzo chedu zvinosanganisira kusakwanisa kutaura nezvekupfapfaidza kwechimbichimbi kwakaitwa neBazi reHutano, kwakaitika mwedzi miviri isati yaitwa L-2014, nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo rwakadzama nezvenzvimbo yacho nenguva yayo. Ongororo dzakapfuura dzakaratidza kuti mapfapfaidzo aya aive nemigumisiro yakafanana munzvimbo yese yeongororo, zvichigadzira huwandu hwakajairika hweAedes aegypti; kutaura chokwadi, panguva iyo kuedza kwakatanga, huwandu hweAedes aegypti hwakanga hwatanga kupora. Uyezve, musiyano wemhedzisiro pakati penguva mbiri dzekuedza unogona kunge uri nekuda kwekusiyana kwekugadzirwa kwekudzidza uye mukana wakasiyana weAedes aegypti ku cypermethrin, neS-2013 iri nyore kunzwisisa kupfuura L-2014.
Pakupedzisira, zvatakawana zvinoratidza kuti migumisiro yekupfapfaidza mumba yakangogumira mumhuri yaishandiswa kupfapfaidza, uye kuti kupfapfaidza mumhuri dziri pedyo hakuna kuderedza huwandu hweAedes aegypti. Umhutu hweAedes aegypti hwakakura hunogona kuramba huri pedyo kana mukati medzimba, huchiungana mukati memamita gumi uye huchifamba avhareji yemamita zana nematanhatu. Saka, kupfapfaidza nzvimbo yakatenderedza imba kungasave nekukanganisa kukuru pahuwandu hweAedes aegypti mumba iyoyo. Izvi zvinotsigira zvakawanikwa kare zvekuti kupfapfaidza kunze kana kutenderedza imba hakuna zvakunobatsira. Zvisinei, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, panogona kunge paine kukanganisa kwenharaunda pahuwandu hweAedes aegypti, uye modhi yedu haina kugadzirwa kuti ione mhedzisiro yakadaro.
Zvichitorwa pamwe chete, zvatakawana zvinoratidza kukosha kwekusvika kumhuri yega yega iri panjodzi huru yekutapurirana panguva yekupararira kwechirwere, sezvo mhuri dzisina kupfapfaidzwa nguva pfupi yadarika dzisingakwanise kuvimba nezvirongwa zviri pedyo kana kunyange zvirongwa zvakawanda zvekare kuderedza huwandu hweumhutu huripo. Nekuti dzimwe dzimba dzakanga dzisingasvikike, kuedza kwekutanga kupfapfaidza kwaigara kuchikonzera kufukidzwa kushoma. Kushanya kakawanda kumhuri dzisina kubatwa kunogona kuwedzera kufukidzwa, asi kudzoka kunoderera nekuyedza kwega kwega uye mutengo wemhuri unowedzera. Saka mapurogiramu ekudzora vector anofanirwa kuvandudzwa nekutarisa nzvimbo dzine njodzi yekupararira kwedengue yakakwira. Kupararira kwedengue kwakasiyana munzvimbo nenguva, uye kuongororwa kwenzvimbo dzine njodzi huru, kusanganisira mamiriro ehuwandu hwevanhu, nharaunda uye magariro, kunofanirwa kutungamira kuedza kwakanangana kwevector. Dzimwe nzira dzakanangwa, dzakadai sekubatanidza kupfapfaidza kwemukati nekutevera kubata, dzave dzichishanda kare uye dzinogona kubudirira mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mamodheru emasvomhu anogonawo kubatsira kusarudza nzira dzakanakisa dzekudzora vector kuderedza kupararira munzvimbo yega yega yemuno pasina kudiwa kwemiedzo inodhura uye yakaoma yemumunda. Mhedzisiro yedu inopa parameter yakadzama yemhedzisiro yenzvimbo uye yenguva yekupfapfaidza kwemukati kwakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kuedza kwemuenzaniso mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-13-2025