Iyi purojekiti yakaongorora data kubva mukuyedza kwakakura kunosanganisira nhanhatu dzekupfapfaidza mukati memakore maviri muPeruvia Amazon guta reIquitos. Isu takagadzira spatial multilevel modhi yekuona zvikonzero zvekudzikira kwehuwandu hweAedes aegypti izvo zvaifambiswa ne (i) kushandiswa kwemumba kwemazuva ano kweakanyanya-low volume (ULV) mishonga yezvipembenene uye (ii) kushandiswa kweULV mudzimba dzepedyo kana dziri pedyo. Isu takafananidza kukwana kweiyo modhi kune huwandu hwezvinogona kupfapfaidza huremu hwezvirongwa zvinoenderana neakasiyana enguva uye nzvimbo yekuora mabasa kuti atore yakasaririra mhedzisiro yeULV tupukanana.
Mhedzisiro yedu inoratidza kuti kuderedzwa kweA. aegypti kuwanda mukati memba kwainyanya kukonzerwa nekupfapfaidza mukati meimba imwe chete, nepo kupfapfaidza mudzimba dzakavakidzana hakuna chimwe chinhu. Kubudirira kwezviitwa zvekupfapfaidza kunofanirwa kuongororwa zvichienderana nenguva kubva pakupfapfaidza kwekupedzisira, sezvo hatina kuwana mhedzisiro kubva mukupfapfaidza kunotevedzana. Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso wedu, takafungidzira kuti kushanda kwepfapfaidzo kwakadzikira ne50% mazuva angangosvika makumi maviri nemasere mushure mekupfapfaidza.
Mhuri Aedes aegypti kuderedzwa kweumhutu kwainyanya kutsamira pahuwandu hwemazuva kubva pakurapwa kwekupedzisira mumhuri yakapihwa, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekufukidzwa kwepfapfaidzo munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru, nekupfapfaidza frequency kunoenderana nekutapurirana kwenzvimbo.
Aedes aegypti ndiyo yekutanga vector yeakawanda arboviruses anogona kukonzera hosha hosha, kusanganisira dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus, uye Zika virus. Mhando yehumhutu iyi inodya vanhu zvakanyanya uye kazhinji inodya vanhu. Yakagadziridzwa zvakanaka kunharaunda dzemaguta [1,2,3,4] uye yakaronga nzvimbo dzakawanda munzvimbo dzinopisa uye subtropics [5]. Munzvimbo dzakawanda idzi, dengue inoputika inodzoka nguva nenguva, zvichiita kuti inofungidzirwa mamiriyoni emamiriyoni e390 gore negore [6, 7]. Kana pasina kurapwa kana mushonga unoshanda uye unowanikwa zvakanyanya, kudzivirira uye kudzora kutapurirana kwedengue kunovimba nekuderedza huwandu hweumhutu kuburikidza neakasiyana siyana ekudzora mavector, kazhinji kupfapfaidza mishonga inouraya umhutu [8].
Muchidzidzo ichi, takashandisa data kubva kune maviri makuru-akakura, akadzokororwa emumunda maedzo e-ultra-low volume indoor pyrethroid spraying muguta reIquitos, muPeruvia Amazon [14], kufungidzira mhedzisiro yenzvimbo uye yenguva pfupi yekupfapfaidza yakaderera-yakaderera paimba Aedes aegypti kuwanda kupfuura mhuri. Ongororo yapfuura yakaongorora mhedzisiro ye-ultra-low volume treatment zvichienderana nekuti dzimba dziri mukati kana kunze kwenzvimbo yakakura yekupindira. Muchidzidzo ichi, takatsvaga kuodza kurapwa pamwero wakanaka, padanho remhuri rega rega, kuti tinzwisise mupiro unoenderana wekurapwa kwemumba zvichienzaniswa nekurapwa mudzimba dzakavakidzana. Nenguva, isu takafungidzira kuwedzera kwekuita kwekudzokorora kupfapfaidza tichienzanisa neazvino kupfapfaidza pakuderedza mhuri Aedes aegypti kuwanda kuti tinzwisise kuwanda kwekupfapfaidza kunodiwa uye kuongorora kuderera kwepfapfaidzo inoshanda nekufamba kwenguva. Ongororo iyi inogona kubatsira mukuvandudza nzira dzekudzora vector uye kupa ruzivo rweparameterization yemamodheru kufanotaura kushanda kwavo [22, 23, 24].
Chiratidziro chinooneka chechirongwa chemhete chemhete chakashandiswa kuverenga chikamu chedzimba dziri mukati merin'i pachinhambwe chakapihwa kubva kumhuri i dzakarapwa nemishonga yezvipembenene musvondo rakatangira t (dzimba dzose dziri mukati me1000 m yenzvimbo yebuffer). Mumuenzaniso uyu kubva kuL-2014, mhuri ndaive munzvimbo yakarapwa uye ongororo yevakuru yakaitwa mushure mechikamu chechipiri chekupfapfaidza. Mhete dzemhete dzinobva pamadaro ayo mosquito dzeAedes aegypti dzinozivikanwa nekubhururuka. Distance mhete B inobva pakugovera yunifomu yega yega 100 m.
Takaedza chiyero chakareruka b nekuverenga huwandu hwemhuri mukati memhete pachinhambwe chakapihwa kubva kumhuri i iyo yakarapwa nemishonga yezvipembenene musvondo rakapfuura t (Yekuwedzera faira 1: Tafura 4).
apo h inhamba yedzimba dziri mumhete r, uye r chinhambwe chiri pakati pemhete nemhuri i. Nhambwe dziri pakati pemhete dzakatemerwa tichifunga zvinotevera zvinhu:
Relative modhi inokodzera yenguva-yakayerwa mukati-yeimba spray effect function. Mitsetse mitsvuku yakakora inomiririra mhando dzinonyatsokodzera, uko mutsetse wakakobvu unomiririra mhando dzinonyatsokodzera uye mimwe mitsetse mikobvu inomiririra mhando dzine WAIC isina kunyanya kusiyana neWAIC yemhando inonyatsokodzera. B Kuora basa rakashandiswa kumazuva kubva kupfapfaidza kwekupedzisira kwaive mumamodheru mashanu epamusoro akanyatsokodzera, akaiswa paavhareji WAIC mune zvese zviedzo.
Kuderedzwa kunofungidzirwa kwenhamba dzeAedes aegypti pamhuri kune hukama nehuwandu hwemazuva kubva pakupedzisira kumwaya. Equation yakapihwa inoburitsa kudzikiswa sereshiyo, uko chiyero chechiyero (RR) ireshiyo yechiitiko chekupfapfaidza kune yekutanga-isina-spray.
Iyo modhi inofungidzira kuti kushanda kwepfapfaidzo kwakadzikira ne50% mazuva angangosvika makumi maviri nemasere mushure mekupfapfaidza, nepo vanhu veAedes aegypti vaive vatopora mazuva angangoita 50-60 mushure mekupfapfaidza.
Muchidzidzo ichi, tinotsanangura mhedzisiro yemukati-yakaderera vhoriyamu pyrethroid yekupfapfaidza paimba Aedes aegypti kuwanda sebasa renguva uye nzvimbo yekupfapfaidza pedyo nemba. Kunzwisisa kuri nani kwehurefu uye hukuru hwenzvimbo yekupfapfaidza mhedzisiro paAedes aegypti vanhu vanozobatsira kuona zvakanangana zvinangwa zvekufukidzwa kwenzvimbo uye kupfapfaidza frequency inodiwa panguva yekupindira kwevector control uye kuzivisa modhi ichienzanisa akasiyana angangoita vector ekudzora nzira. Mhedzisiro yedu inoratidza kuti kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hweAedes aegypti mukati meimba imwe chete kwaifambiswa nekupfapfaidza mukati meimba imwe chete, nepo kupfapfaidza dzimba munzvimbo dzakavakidzana hakuna imwe mhedzisiro. Mhedzisiro yekupfapfaidza paimba yeAedes aegypti kuwanda yainyanya kuenderana nenguva kubva pakupedzisira kupfapfaidza uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakadzikira pamusoro pemazuva makumi matanhatu. Hapana kumwe kudzikiswa kwehuwandu hweAedes aegypti hwakaonekwa semhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwekuita kwekupfapfaidza kwemhuri kwakawanda. Muchidimbu, nhamba yeAedes aegypti yadzikira. Huwandu hweumhutu hweAedes aegypti mumba hunoenderana zvakanyanya nenguva yakapfuura kubva pakupfapfaidza kwekupedzisira mumba iyoyo.
Chinhu chakakosha chekudzidza kwedu ndechekuti isu hatina kudzora kwezera revakuru veAedes aegypti mosquito yakaunganidzwa. Ongororo yapfuura yezviedzo izvi [14] yakawana maitiro ekugoverwa kwezera diki revakadzi vakuru (yakawedzera chikamu chevakadzi vasina nulliparous) munzvimbo dzakarapwa L-2014 zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo yebuffer. Nokudaro, kunyange zvazvo tisina kuwana imwe tsanangudzo inotsanangura yekupfira mudzimba dziri pedyo paA. aegypti kuwanda mumhuri yakapiwa, hatigoni kuva nechivimbo chokuti hapana nharaunda inokonzerwa neA.
Zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvechidzidzo chedu zvinosanganisira kusakwanisa kuzvidavirira kwekupfapfaidza kwechimbichimbi kunoitwa neBazi reHutano mwedzi ingangoita 2 mwedzi isati yaitwa L-2014 yekupfapfaidza yekupfapfaidza nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro penzvimbo uye nguva. Ongororo yapfuura yakaratidza kuti masprayiri aya aive nemhedzisiro yakafanana munzvimbo yese yekudzidza, achigadzira hwaro hwekutanga hweAedes aegypti densities; zvirokwazvo, vanhu veAedes aegypti vakatanga kupora apo kupfapfaidza kwekuyedza kwakaitwa [14]. Uyezve, kusiyana kwemigumisiro pakati penguva mbiri dzekuedza inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nekusiyana kwekugadzirwa kwekudzidza uye kukanganisa kwakasiyana kweAedes aegypti kune cypermethrin, uye S-2013 ichinyanya kuoma kupfuura L-2014 [14]. Isu tinoshuma zvinonyatsoenderana mhedzisiro kubva muzvidzidzo zviviri uye tinosanganisira modhi yakarongedzerwa kuongororo yeL-2014 semuenzaniso wedu wekupedzisira. Tichifunga kuti L-2014 yekuedza dhizaini inonyanya kukodzera pakuongorora kukanganisa kwechangobva kupfapfaidza pamusoro peAedes aegypti mosquito populations, uye kuti vanhu vemunharaunda yeAedes aegypti vakanga vatanga kurwisa pyrethroids mukupera kwa2014 [41], takaona muenzaniso uyu sechisarudzo chekuchengetedza uye chakakodzera kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekudzidza uku.
Kutenuka kwakati sandarara kwepfapfaidzo yekuora curve inocherechedzwa muchidzidzo ichi inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwekuderera kweiyo cypermethrin uye mosquito dynamics. Iyo cypermethrin insecticide inoshandiswa muchidzidzo ichi ipyrethroid inoderedza kunyanya kuburikidza nephotolysis uye hydrolysis (DT50 = 2.6-3.6 mazuva) [44]. Kunyange zvazvo pyrethroids inowanzoonekwa seyakashata nokukurumidza mushure mekushandiswa uye kuti zvisara zvishoma, chiyero chekuora kwepyrethroids chinononoka zvikuru mukati meimba kupfuura kunze, uye zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti cypermethrin inogona kuramba iri mumhepo yemukati uye guruva kwemwedzi mushure mekupfapfaidza [45,46,47]. Dzimba dziri muIquitos dzinowanzovakwa mumakoridho ane rima, akamanikana ane mahwindo mashoma, izvo zvinogona kutsanangura kuderedzwa kuderera kwehuwandu nekuda kwephotolysis [14]. Mukuwedzera, cypermethrin inotyisa zvikuru kune inobatwa neAedes aegypti mosquito pamitengo yakaderera (LD50 ≤ 0.001 ppm) [48]. Nekuda kweiyo hydrophobic chimiro cheyakasara cypermethrin, hazvibviri kukanganisa mhute yemumvura, ichitsanangura kudzoreredzwa kwevanhu vakuru kubva kunzvimbo dzinoshanda dzemakombi nekufamba kwenguva sezvakatsanangurwa muchidzidzo chepakutanga, ine chikamu chepamusoro chevakadzi vasina-oiparous munzvimbo dzakarapwa kupfuura munzvimbo dzebuffer [14]. Hupenyu hweumhutu hweAedes aegypti kubva muzai kusvika kune mukuru hunogona kutora mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi zvichienderana nekupisa uye rudzi rweumhutu.[49] Kunonoka kwekudzorerwa kwevanhu vakuru veumhutu kunogona kutsanangurwa zvakare nechokwadi chokuti cypermethrin yakasara inouraya kana kuti inodzinga vamwe vanhu vachangobva kubuda uye vamwe vakasuma vanhu vakuru kubva munzvimbo dzisina kumbobatwa, pamwe nekuderedza mazai evha nekuda kwekuderedza nhamba dzevanhu vakuru [22, 50].
Mienzaniso yaisanganisira nhoroondo yese yekupfapfaidza mhuri yakange iine hurombo husina kunaka uye husina simba hwekufungidzira pane mhando yaisanganisira chete ichangopfuura zuva rekupfapfaidza. Izvi hazvifanirwe kutorwa seumboo hwekuti mhuri yega yega haifanirwe kurapwa patsva. Kudzorerwa kweA. aegypti vanhu vakaonekwa muchidzidzo chedu, pamwe chete nezvidzidzo zvakapfuura [14], nguva pfupi mushure mekupfapfaidza, zvinoratidza kuti dzimba dzinoda kudzokororwa zvakare pane imwe nguva inotarwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwemunharaunda kuti hugadzirise zvakare A. aegypti kudzvinyirira. Kupfapfaidza nguva kunofanirwa kuve kwakanangana nekudzikisa mukana wekutapukirwa kwemukadzi weAedes aegypti, izvo zvinotariswa nehurefu hunotarisirwa hweextrinsic incubation period (EIP) - nguva inotora kuti vheta rinenge ranyura paropa rine hutachiona kuti ritapukire kune anotevera. Nekudaro, EIP ichaenderana nehutachiona hwehutachiwana, tembiricha, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Semuyenzaniso, kana iri dengue fever, kunyangwe kupfapfaidza zvipembenene kunouraya vanhu vakuru vane utachiona, huwandu hwevanhu hunogona kuramba huchitapukira kwemazuva gumi nemana uye hunogona kutapurira umhutu huchangobuda [54]. Kuti udzivise kupararira kwefivha yedengue, nguva dziri pakati pekupfapfaidza dzinofanira kuva pfupi pane nguva dziri pakati pemishonga yezvipembenene kubvisa umhutu huchangobva kubuda uhwo hungaruma hoho dzine utachiona husati hwatapurira humwe umhutu. Mazuva manomwe anogona kushandiswa segwara uye chiyero chiri nyore chekuyera kune vector control agency. Nokudaro, kupfapfaidza kwevhiki nevhiki kwezvipembenene kwemavhiki matatu (kuvhara nguva yose inotapukira yemuiti) inenge yakakwana kudzivirira kutapurirwa kwe dengue fever, uye zvigumisiro zvedu zvinoratidza kuti kushanda kwekupfapfaidza kwekare kwaisazoderedzwa zvakanyanya nenguva iyoyo [13]. Chokwadi, muIquitos, zviremera zvehutano zvakabudirira kudzikisa kutapuriranwa kwedengue panguva yedenda nekuita denderedzwa nhatu dzekupfapfaidza zvipembenene zvakanyanya-pasi-vhoriyamu munzvimbo dzakavharika kwenhambo yevhiki dzinoverengeka kusvika kumwedzi yakati wandei.
Chekupedzisira, mhedzisiro yedu inoratidza kuti kukanganisa kwekupfapfaidza kwemukati kwaingogumira kudzimba uko kwaiitwa, uye kumwaya mishonga yedzimba dzakavakidzana hakuna kuwedzera kuderedza huwandu hweAedes aegypti. Umhutu hweAedes aegypti hwakura hunogona kuramba huri pedyo kana kuti mukati memba yahunochochonya, hukaungana kusvika pamamita gumi, uye huchifamba daro reavhareji yemamita 106.[36] Saka, kupfapfaidza nzvimbo yakatenderedza imba kunogona kusave nemhedzisiro yakakosha panhamba dzeAedes aegypti mumusha iwoyo. Izvi zvinotsigira zvakawanikwa kare kuti kupfirira kunze kana kutenderedza dzimba hakuna zvakunoita [18, 55]. Zvisinei, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, panogona kuva nemigumisiro yenharaunda paA.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-06-2025