(Kunze kweMishonga Yezvipembenene, Chikunguru 8, 2024) Ndapota tumirai mhinduro musi weChitatu, Chikunguru 31, 2024. Acephate mushonga wezvipembenene uri wemhuri ye organophosphate (OP) ine chepfu yakanyanya uye ine chepfu zvekuti Environmental Protection Agency yakati urambidzwe kunze kwekunge miti yatoiswa mumiti. Nguva yekutaura yave kushanda, uye EPA ichagamuchira mhinduro kusvika Chitatu, Chikunguru 31, zvichitevera kuwedzerwa kwenguva yakatarwa muna Chikunguru. Muchiitiko ichi chasara chekushandisa, EPA haisati yaziva kuti systemic neonicotinoidmishonga yezvipembenenezvinogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza nekuisa chepfu kuzvinhu zvipenyu zvisina tsarukano.
>> Tumira mashoko pamusoro peacephate uye uudze EPA kuti mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene haifanirwe kushandiswa kana zvirimwa zvichigona kugadzirwa nenzira yechisikigo.
EPA iri kuronga kurega kushandisa acephate, kunze kwekubaiwa miti, kubvisa njodzi dzese dzayakaona dzinopfuura mwero wayo wekutya/mvura yekunwa, njodzi dzekugara uye dzebasa, uye njodzi dzezvipenyu dzisiri dzechinangwa. Beyond Pesticides yakataura kuti kunyangwe nzira yekubaya miti isingaise njodzi dzakawandisa pakudya kana pahutano, uye isingaise njodzi dzebasa kana dzehutano hwevanhu mushure mekushandisa, sangano iri harina hanya nenjodzi huru dzezvakatipoteredza. Sangano iri hariongorore njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza dzekushandisa majekiseni emiti, asi panzvimbo pezvo rinofungidzira kuti kushandiswa uku hakuise njodzi huru kune zvisikwa zvisiri zvechinangwa. Kusiyana neizvi, kushandiswa kwemajekiseni emiti kunounza njodzi dzakakomba kune zvipembenene zvinokura muvhu uye mamwe marudzi eshiri asingagoni kuderedzwa uye nekudaro anofanira kubatanidzwa mukubviswa kweacephate.
Kana yaiswa mumiti, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inopinzwa zvakananga muhunde, yobva yakurumidza kunyudzwa uye kupararira mutsinga dzese dzeropa. Nekuti acephate uye chigadzirwa chayo chekupwanyika methamidophos mishonga inonyungudika zvikuru mumuviri, kemikari iyi inoendeswa kuzvikamu zvese zvemuti, kusanganisira mukume, muto, resin, mashizha nezvimwe. Nyuchi nedzimwe shiri dzakadai sehummingbirds, woodpeckers, sapsuckers, vines, nuthatches, chickadees, nezvimwewo zvinogona kusanganisirwa nemarara kubva mumiti yakapinzwa acephate. Nyuchi dzinosangana kwete chete pakuunganidza mukume wakasviba, asiwo pakuunganidza muto neresin zvinoshandiswa kugadzira propolis inokosha yemukoko. Saizvozvowo, shiri dzinogona kusangana nemarara ane chepfu eacephate/metamidophos kana dzichidya muto wemuti wakasviba, zvipembenene/makonye anoboora huni, uye zvipembenene/makonye anodya mashizha.
Kunyangwe data riri shoma, US Environmental Protection Agency yakaona kuti kushandiswa kweacephate kunogona kuisa njodzi kunyuchi. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvese zvevanoburitsa mbesa paacephate kana methamidophos hazvina kutaurwa, saka hapana data pamusoro pechepfu yemuromo, yevanhu vakuru, kana magonyeti kunyuchi dzeuchi; Aya maburi edata anoratidza kusava nechokwadi kukuru mukuongorora mhedzisiro yeacephate pavanoburitsa mbesa, sezvo kukanganiswa kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehupenyu uye nguva yekubatwa (vakuru kana magonye uye acute kana chronic, zvichiteerana). Zviitiko zvakashata zvine chikonzero uye mhedzisiro, kusanganisira kufa kwenyuchi, zvakabatana nekubatwa kwenyuchi neacephate uye/kana methamidophos. Zvine musoro kufunga kuti kubaya acephate mumiti hakuderedzi njodzi kunyuchi zvichienzaniswa nekurapwa kwemashizha, asi kunogona kuwedzera kubatwa kwenyuchi tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwakawanda hwemadose akaiswa mumuti, nokudaro zvichiwedzera njodzi yekubatwa nehupfu. Sangano iri rakapa chirevo chengozi yekukuvadza nyuchi pakubaya miti chaiti, "Chigadzirwa ichi chine chepfu yakanyanya kunyuchi. Chirevo ichi hachina kukwana zvachose kudzivirira nyuchi nezvimwe zvipenyu kana kuratidza kuoma kwenjodzi yacho."
Njodzi dzekushandisa nzira dzekubaya acetate nemiti hadzina kuongororwa zvizere kune mhuka dziri munjodzi. EPA isati yapedza kuongorora kwayo kunyoreswa kweacephate, inofanira kupedzisa kuongororwa kwemhando dzakanyorwa uye chero kubvunzana kunodiwa neUS Fish and Wildlife Service neNational Marine Fisheries Service, ichinyanya kutarisisa shiri nezvipembenene zvakanyorwa uye mhando idzi dzeshiri nezvipembenene. Shandisa miti yakabayiwa jekiseni pakutsvaga, kutsvaga zvekudya uye kuvaka matendere.
Muna 2015, sangano iri rakapedza ongororo yakazara ye endocrine disruptor acephates uye rakagumisa kuti hapana rumwe ruzivo rwaidiwa kuti riongorore migumisiro inogona kuitika pa estrogen, androgen, kana thyroid pathways muvanhu kana mhuka dzesango. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwazvino rwunoratidza kuti endocrine disruption potential ye acephate uye kukanganiswa kwayo kwe methamidophos kuburikidza nenzira dzisingabatanidzwi nema receptor zvinogona kukonzera kunetseka, saka EPA inofanira kugadzirisa ongororo yayo ye endocrine disruption agent ye acephate.
Pamusoro pezvo, mukuongorora kwayo kushanda zvakanaka, Environmental Protection Agency yakagumisa kuti kubatsira kwekuisa acetate mukurwisa zvipembenene zvemiti kushoma nekuti pane dzimwe nzira shoma dzinoshanda dzezvipembenene zvakawanda. Saka, njodzi huru kunyuchi neshiri dzinobatanidzwa nekurapa miti neacephate haina kururama kubva pakuona njodzi nerubatsiro.
> Tumira mhinduro pamusoro peacephate uye uudze EPA kuti kana zvirimwa zvichigona kurimwa zvisina organic, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene haifanirwe kushandiswa.
Kunyangwe zvakatanga kukoshesa kuongororwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inonzi organophosphate, EPA yakundikana kutora matanho ekudzivirira avo vari panjodzi huru yekukuvadzwa nepfungwa dzavo - varimi nevana. Muna 2021, Earthjustice nedzimwe sangano dzakakumbira Environmental Protection Agency kuti ibvise kunyoreswa kwemishonga iyi ine chepfu zvakanyanya muuropi. Chirimo chino, Consumer Reports (CR) yakaita ongororo yakazara yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muzvirimwa, ichiona kuti kusangana nemapoka maviri makuru emakemikari - organophosphates necarbamates - ndiyo ine njodzi huru, uye inobatanidzwawo nenjodzi yakawedzera yechirwere chegomarara, chirwere cheshuga nechirwere chemwoyo. Zvichibva pane zvakawanikwa izvi, CR yakakumbira Environmental Protection Agency kuti "irambidze kushandiswa kwemishonga iyi pamichero nemiriwo."
Pamusoro penyaya dziri pamusoro apa, EPA haina kugadzirisa kukanganiswa kwemasero emuropa. EPA haifungiwo nezvevanhu vari munjodzi, kusangana nemisanganiswa, uye kudyidzana kwenhengo dzakasiyana-siyana pakuisa huwandu hwezvimedu zvekudya zvinogamuchirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inosvibisa mvura nemhepo yedu, inokuvadza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, inokuvadza vashandi vepapurazi, uye inouraya nyuchi, shiri, hove, nedzimwe mhuka dzesango.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chikafu cheorganic chakabvumidzwa neUSDA hachishandisi mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine chepfu mukugadzirwa kwacho. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inowanikwa muzvirimwa zveorganic, kunze kwezvishoma, imhedzisiro yekusvibiswa kwekurima kusingatarisirwi nemakemikari nekuda kwekuyerera kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, kusvibiswa nemvura, kana kuti ivhu remuvhu. Kugadzirwa kwechikafu cheorganic hakusi kungori nani pahutano hwevanhu nenharaunda pane kugadzirwa kwemishonga yemakemikari chete, sainzi yazvino iri kuratidzawo zvinotaurwa nevanotsigira organic kwenguva refu: chikafu cheorganic chiri nani, pamusoro pekuve chisina mishonga yechepfu inobva muzvigadzirwa zvechikafu zvechinyakare. Chine hutano uye hachipi chepfu kuvanhu kana kusvibisa nharaunda dzinorimwa chikafu.
Tsvagiridzo yakaburitswa neThe Organic Center inoratidza kuti chikafu cheorganic chinowana mapuroteni akawanda munzvimbo dzakakosha, dzakadai sehuwandu hwemaantioxidant, huwandu hwemapolyphenols, uye maflavonoid maviri akakosha, quercetin nekaempferol, ese ane mabhenefiti ekudya. Iyo Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry yakanyatsoongorora huwandu hwemaphenolic eblueberries, mastrawberry, uye chibage uye yakawana kuti chikafu chakarimwa cheorganic chine huwandu hwakawanda hwephenolic. Maphenolic compounds akakosha pahutano hwezvirimwa (kudzivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere) uye hutano hwevanhu nekuti ane "simba reantioxidant uye akasiyana-siyana emishonga, kusanganisira kurwisa kenza, antioxidant, uye platelet aggregation inhibitory activity."
Zvichienderana nemabhenefiti ekurima zvirimwa zvisina makemikari, EPA inofanira kushandisa kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvisina makemikari senzira yekuyera njodzi nemabhenefiti ezvipembenene. Kana zvirimwa zvichigona kurimwa zvisina makemikari, mishonga yezvipembenene haifanirwe kushandiswa.
>> Tumira mhinduro yako pa ACEPHATE woudza EPA kuti kana chirimwa ichi chichigona kurimwa nenzira ye organic, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene haifanirwe kushandiswa.
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Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-15-2024