Chiedza chinopa zvirimwa simba rinodiwa pakugadzira photosynthesis, zvichivabvumira kugadzira zvinhu zvipenyushandura simba panguva yekukura nekukuraChiedza chinopa zvirimwa simba rinodiwa uye ndicho hwaro hwekupatsanurwa kwemasero nekusiyana, kugadzirwa kwechlorophyll, kukura kwenyama uye kufamba kwedumbu. Kusimba kwechiedza, photoperiod uye kunaka kwechiedza zvinoita basa rakakosha mumaitiro aya. Kugadziriswa kweshuga muzvirimwa kunosanganisira nzira dzakawanda dzekutonga. Chiedza, sechimwe chezvinhu zvinodzora, chinokanganisa kuumbwa kwemadziro esero, starch granules, kugadzirwa kwesucrose uye kuumbwa kwemasumbu etsinga. Saizvozvowo, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushandurwa kweshuga kwakadzorwa nechiedza, mhando dzeshuga nemajini zvinokanganiswawo. Takaongorora dhatabhesi dziripo uye takawana ongororo shoma dzakakodzera. Nokudaro, chinyorwa chino chinopfupikisa mhedzisiro yechiedza pakukura kwezvirimwa pamwe nekushandurwa kweshuga uye chinokurukura nzira dzemhedzisiro yechiedza pazvirimwa zvakadzama, zvichipa nzwisiso itsva muhurongwa hwekutonga hwekukura kwezvirimwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana echiedza.
Chiedza chinopa simba rekugadzira photosynthesis yezvirimwa uye chinoshanda sechiratidzo chezvakatipoteredza chinodzora zvinhu zvakawanda zvemuviri wezvirimwa. Zvirimwa zvinogona kunzwa shanduko mumamiriro ekunze echiedza kuburikidza nemaphotoreceptor akasiyana-siyana akadai sephytochromes nephototropins uye zvinogadzira nzira dzakakodzera dzekuratidza kuti zvinodzora kukura nekukura kwazvo. Kana chiedza chisina kudzika, huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaoma zvezvirimwa hunoderera, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwephotosynthesis, huwandu hwekufema, kufema kwemukati, uye dhayamita yemuti. Pamusoro pezvo, kusimba kwechiedza inzira yakakosha inodzora maitiro akadai sekumera kwezvirimwa, kuwanda kwemashizha nekukura, kukura kwedumbu, photosynthesis, uye kupatsanurwa kwemasero. Hunhu hwechiedza chinotumirwa kuburikidza nemaphotoreceptors hunodzora hupenyu hwese hwezvirimwa, nehunhu hwakasiyana hwechiedza hune mhedzisiro yakasiyana pachimiro chezvirimwa, photosynthesis, kukura uye kukura kwenhengo. Zvirimwa zvinogona kudzora kukura nekukura kwazvo zvichienderana nenguva yephoto, iyo inokurudzira maitiro akadai sekumera kwembeu, kutumbuka kwemaruva uye kuibva kwemichero. Inobatanidzwawo mukupindura kwezvirimwa kuzvinhu zvakaipa, zvichichinjika kune shanduko dzakasiyana dzemwaka (Bao et al., 2024; Chen et al., 2024; Shibaeva et al., 2024).
Shuga, chinhu chakakosha pakukura nekukura kwezvirimwa, inofamba nenzira yakaoma yekufambisa nekuunganidza zvinhu iyo inopesvedzerwa uye inodzorwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. Kugadziriswa kweshuga muzvirimwa kunosanganisira kugadzirwa, catabolism, kushandiswa, uye kushandurwa kweshuga muzvirimwa, kusanganisira kutakurwa kwesucrose, signal transduction, uye kugadzirwa kwestarch ne cellulose (Kudo et al., 2023; Li et al., 2023b; Lo Piccolo et al., 2024). Kugadziriswa kweshuga kunoshandisa uye kudzora shuga zvinobudirira, kunobatanidzwa mukuchinja kwezvirimwa, uye kunopa simba rekukura nekukura kwezvirimwa. Chiedza chinokanganisa kushandiswa kweshuga muzvirimwa kuburikidza ne photosynthesis, sugar signaling, uye photoperiod regulation, nekuchinja kwemamiriro echiedza zvichikonzera shanduko mu metabolites yezvirimwa (Lopes et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2024). Ongororo iyi inotarisa pamhedzisiro yechiedza pakushanda kwe photosynthesis yezvirimwa, kukura nekukura, uye metabolism yeshuga. Chinyorwa ichi chinotaurawo nezvekufambira mberi kwekutsvaga pamusoro pemhedzisiro yechiedza pahunhu hwemuviri wezvirimwa, nechinangwa chekupa hwaro hwedzidziso yekushandisa chiedza kudzora kukura kwezvirimwa nekuvandudza goho uye mhando. Hukama huripo pakati pechiedza nekukura kwezvirimwa hahuna kujeka uye hunoratidza nzira dzinogona kushandiswa pakutsvagisa.
Chiedza chine zvinhu zvakawanda, asi kusimba kwacho uye kunaka kwazvo zvine simba guru pazvirimwa. Kusimba kwechiedza kunowanzo shandiswa kuyera kupenya kwechiedza kana simba remwaranzi. Zvichibva pahurefu hwemwenje, chiedza chinogona kukamurwa kuita ultraviolet, inooneka, uye infrared. Chiedza chinoonekwa chinokamurwazve kuita tsvuku, orenji, yero, girini, bhuruu, indigo, uye violet. Zvirimwa zvinonyanya kutora chiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu sesimba guru rekugadzira photosynthesis (Liang et al., 2021).
Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzechiedza mumunda, kudzora nguva yechiedza, uye mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwechiedza pazvirimwa matambudziko akaomarara anofanirwa kugadziriswa. Nokudaro, tinotenda kuti kushandiswa zvine musoro kwemamiriro echiedza kunogona kukurudzira zvinobudirira kukura kwe ecology yezvirimwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu nesimba, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwezvirimwa uye mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza. Tichishandisa dzidziso ye ecological optimization, kuchinjika kwe plant photosynthesis kuchiedza chepakati neparefu kunosanganisirwa mu Earth system model kuderedza kusava nechokwadi kwe photosynthesis modeling uye kuvandudza kururama kwemuenzaniso (Luo naKeenan, 2020). Zvirimwa zvinowanzo chinjika kuchiedza chepakati neparefu, uye kugona kwazvo kugadzira photosynthesis uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba rechiedza munguva yepakati neparefu zvinogona kuvandudzwa, nokudaro zvichibudirira kuwana ecological modeling yekurima mumunda. Pamusoro pezvo, kana uchishandisa munda wekudyara, simba rechiedza rinogadziriswa zvichienderana nemhando yezvirimwa uye hunhu hwekukura kuti zvikurudzire kukura kwezvirimwa zvine hutano. Panguva imwe chete, nekugadzirisa chiyero chemhando yechiedza uye kutevedzera kutenderera kwechiedza chechisikigo, zvinokwanisika kukurumidzisa kana kunonotsa kutumbuka kwemiti nemichero, nokudaro zvichiita kuti pave nekugadziriswa kwakanyatsojeka kwemamiriro ekunze ekugadzira modeling yemunda.
Kugayiwa kweshuga kwakagadziriswa nechiedza muzvirimwa kunobatsira mukuvandudza kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa, kugadziriswa uye kuramba zvinhu zvinokanganisa nharaunda. Shuga, semamorekuru ekuratidza zviratidzo, inodzora kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa nekubatana nemamwe mamorekuru ekuratidza zviratidzo (semuenzaniso, ma phytohormones), nokudaro ichipesvedzera maitiro emuviri wezvirimwa (Mukarram et al., 2023). Tinotenda kuti kudzidza nzira dzinodzora dzinobatanidza nzvimbo yechiedza nekukura kwezvirimwa uye metabolism yeshuga ichave nzira inoshanda yehupfumi yekutungamira maitiro ekubereka nekugadzira. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, tsvakiridzo yeramangwana pamusoro pesarudzo yenzvimbo dzechiedza, dzakadai sematekinoroji emwenje ekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwema LED, zvinogona kuitwa kuvandudza kushanda kwemwenje uye goho rezvirimwa, zvichipa maturusi akawanda ekutonga ekukura nekutsvaga kukura kwezvirimwa (Ngcobo naBertling, 2024). Zvisinei, mawavelength echiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa mukutsvagurudza kwazvino pamusoro pemhedzisiro yemhando yechiedza pazvirimwa. Saka, nekutsvaga mhedzisiro yemhando dzakasiyana dzechiedza dzakadai seorenji, yero negirini pakukura nekukura kwezvirimwa, tinogona kugadzira nzira dzekushanda kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzechiedza pazvirimwa, nokudaro tichishandisa hunhu hwakasiyana hwechiedza mukushandiswa kunoshanda. Izvi zvinoda kudzidza kwakawanda uye kuvandudzwa. Maitiro mazhinji ekukura kwezvirimwa anodzorwa ne phytochromes ne phytohormones. Nokudaro, simba rekubatana kwesimba re spectral nezvinhu zve endogenous pakukura kwezvirimwa richava gwara guru rekutsvagisa mune ramangwana. Uyezve, kudzidza kwakadzama kwemaitiro emamorekuru ayo mamiriro akasiyana echiedza anokanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa, metabolism yeshuga, pamwe nemhedzisiro yekubatana kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvakatipoteredza pazvirimwa, zvichabatsira mukukura nekushandiswa kwesimba rezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvichabvumira kushandiswa kwazvo munzvimbo dzakadai sekurima ne biomedicine.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-11-2025