Mumakore 20 apfuura, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene munyika yangu yakakurumidza kukura.Chekutanga, nekuda kwekuunzwa kwemarudzi mazhinji matsva uye matekinoroji epamberi kubva kunze kwenyika, uye chechipiri, kuedza kwezvikamu zvepamba zvakagonesa kuti akawanda emhando huru yezvigadzirwa uye dosage mafomu ezvipembenene zvine hutsanana abudiswe.uye taura nezvemhando yepamusoro nekuvandudzwa kwemhando itsva dzekuvandudzwa kwezvinodhaka.Kunyangwe paine mhando dzakawanda dzemishonga yezvipembenene, maererano nehutsanana hwemishonga yezvipembenene, pyrethroids ndiyo ichiri kunyanya kushandiswa parizvino.Nokuti zvipembenene zvakagadzira madhigirii akasiyana ekupikisa pyrethroids mune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye kune kupesana-kupikisa, kunokanganisa kushandiswa kwayo.Nekudaro, nekuti ine akawanda akasarudzika mabhenefiti senge yakaderera toxicity uye yakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka, zvakaoma kutsiviwa nemamwe marudzi mukati meimwe nguva yenguva.Zvisikwa zvinowanzo shandiswa ndezvi tetramethrin, Es-bio-allethrin, d-allethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin uye rich dextramethrin Allethrin etc. Pakati pavo, D-trans allethrin yakapfuma inogadzirwa zvakasununguka uye inogadzirwa yakazvimirira uye inogadzirwa. nyika yangu.Iyo asidhi chikamu cheyakajairika allethrin inoparadzaniswa kubva kune cis uye trans isomers uye kuruboshwe uye kurudyi isomers zvakapatsanurwa kuwedzera chiyero chemuviri wayo unoshanda, nekudaro kuvandudza Chigadzirwa kushanda.Panguva imwecheteyo, muviri usina kukodzera unoshandurwa kuva muviri unoshanda, uchiwedzera kuderedza mari.Zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwepyrethroids munyika yangu kwapinda mumunda wekusimudzira yakazvimirira uye kupinda mumunda we stereochemistry uye yakakwira optical chiitiko tekinoroji.Dichlorvos pakati pemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inonzi organophosphorus ndiyo mhando ine goho rakakura uye rakapamhama kushandiswa kwayo nekuda kwesimba rayo rekugogodza, kugona kuuraya kwakasimba uye kushanduka kwechisikigo basa, asi DDVP nechlorpyrifos zvakarambidzwa mukushandiswa.Muna 1999, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, maererano nekurudziro yeWHO, yakagadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, inokurumidza kuita uye acaricide pirimiphos-methyl, inogona kushandiswa kudzora umhutu, nhunzi, mapete uye mite.
Pakati pema carbamates, propoxur uye Zhongbucarb anoshandiswa muhuwandu hukuru.Nekudaro, zvinoenderana nedata rakakodzera, iyo yekuora chigadzirwa che sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, ine huturu matambudziko.Ichi chigadzirwa hachina kuverengerwa murondedzero yezvigadzirwa zvehutsanana zvemumba zvakaburitswa neWorld Health Organisation muna 1997, uye kunze kweChina, hapana imwe nyika pasirese yakashandisa chigadzirwa ichi kugadzira mishonga yehutsanana yemumba.Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzeka kwemishonga yehutsanana yemumba uye inoenderana nemitemo yenyika, Pesticide Control Institute yeBazi rezvekurima yakasanganiswa nemamiriro emunyika yangu, Kurume 23, 2000, yeZhongbuwei, mirau yakakodzera yekuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma. kusvika pakumira kushandiswa kwemishonga yehutsanana yemumba yakaitwa.
Kune vatsvakurudzi vakawanda pamusoro pezvipembenene zvekukura kwezvipembenene, uye kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai se: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, nezvimwewo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzinoshandiswa kudzora maruva muumhutu uye nzvimbo dzekubhururuka dzinobhururuka, uye vakawana migumisiro yakanaka.Vari kufarirwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kushandiswa.
Mumakore achangopfuura, zvikamu zvakaita seFudan University zvakatsvaga nekugadzira nhunzi dzemumba, uye Wuhan University yakazvimiririra kugadzira cockroach parvoviruses.Zvigadzirwa izvi zvine tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa.Mishonga yemishonga yetupukanana iri kugadzirwa, yakadai se: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, cockroach virus neMetarhizium anisopliae zvakanyoreswa sezvigadzirwa zvehutsanana.Iwo main synergists ari piperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, uye synergist amine.Uye zvakare, mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwedambudziko retariro yekushandiswa kweoctachlorodipropyl ether, Nanjing Forestry Research Institute yakaburitsa AI-1 synergist kubva kuturpentine, uye Shanghai Entomology Research Institute neNanjing Agricultural University yakagadzira 94o synergist.mumiririri.Kune zvakare yekutevera-up synergistic amines, synergists, uye kuvandudzwa kweS-855 inogadzirwa nechirimwa synergists.
Parizvino, kune huwandu hwe87 hunoshandiswa hwezvipembenene muhutano hunobudirira hwehutsanana kunyoreswa kwezvipembenene munyika yedu , iyo: 46 (52.87%) yepyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) ye organophosphorus, 5 ye carbamates 1 (5.75) %), 5 inorganic substances (5.75%), 4 microorganisms (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), uye 18 mamwe marudzi (20.68%).
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-20-2023