Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, mishonga yezvipembenene ine hutsanana munyika yangu yakawedzera nekukurumidza. Chekutanga, nekuda kwekuunzwa kwemarudzi mazhinji matsva uye matekinoroji epamusoro kubva kunze kwenyika, uye chechipiri, kuedza kwemayuniti akakodzera emumba kwakaita kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvepakutanga uye mhando dzemishonga yezvipembenene ine hutsanana zvigadzirwe. uye kutaura nezvemhando yepamusoro uye kukura kwemhando itsva dzemishonga. Kunyangwe paine mhando dzakawanda dzemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, maererano nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine hutsanana, mishonga yepyrethroids ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya parizvino. Nekuti zvipembenene zvakagadzira mwero wakasiyana wekudzivirira pyrethroids mune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye kune kuramba kuchinjika, izvo zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kwayo. Zvisinei, nekuti ine mabhenefiti akawanda akasiyana akadai sekushaikwa kwechepfu uye kushanda zvakanaka, zvakaoma kutsiviwa nedzimwe mhando mukati menguva yakati. Mhando dzinonyanya kushandiswa ndeidzi tetramethrin, Es-bio-allethrin, d-allethrin, methothrin, pyrethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin uye rich dextramethrin Allethrin nezvimwewo. Pakati padzo, rich D-trans allethrin yakagadzirwa uye inogadzirwa yega munyika yangu. Chikamu cheacid checommon allethrin chinoparadzaniswa kubva ku cis ne trans isomers uye isomers dzekuruboshwe nedzekurudyi dzinoparadzaniswa kuti dziwedzere chiyero chemuviri wayo unoshanda, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda kweChigadzirwa. Panguva imwe chete, muviri usina simba unoshandurwa kuita muviri unoshanda, zvichideredza mutengo. Zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwepyrethroids munyika yangu kwapinda mumunda wekusimudzira kwakazvimirira uye kupinda mumunda we stereochemistry uye tekinoroji yekushanda kwepamusoro. Dichlorvos pakati pemishonga yezvipembenene inonzi organophosphorus ndiyo mhando ine goho guru uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rayo rekudonha, kugona kwayo kuuraya zvakanyanya uye kushanda kwayo kwezvisikwa, asi DDVP nechlorpyrifos zvakarambidzwa kushandiswa. Muna 1999, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, zvichienderana nekurudziro yeWHO, yakagadzira mushonga wezvipembenene une spectrum yakakura, unoshanda nekukurumidza uye pirimiphos-methyl, unogona kushandiswa kudzora umhutu, nhunzi, mapete nezvipembenene.
Pakati pemacarbamate, propoxur neZhongbucarb zvinoshandiswa zvakawanda. Zvisinei, zvichienderana nedata rakakodzera, chigadzirwa chekuora che sec-butacarb, methyl isocyanate, chine matambudziko echepfu. Chigadzirwa ichi hachina kuiswa pane runyorwa rwezvigadzirwa zvezvipembenene zvehutsanana hwemumba zvakaburitswa neWorld Health Organisation muna 1997, uye kunze kweChina, hapana imwe nyika pasi rose yakashandisa chigadzirwa ichi kugadzira zvipembenene zvehutsanana hwemumba. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mishonga yezvipembenene yehutsanana hwemumba yakachengeteka uye kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa pasi rose, Pesticide Control Institute yeMinistry of Agriculture pamwe nemamiriro enyika yangu, musi wa23 Kurume, 2000, yeZhongbuwei, mitemo yakakodzera yekuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pakurega kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene yehutsanana hwemumba yakaitwa.
Kune vaongorori vakawanda vezvekurapa kukura kwezvipembenene, uye kune mhando dzakawanda, dzakadai se: diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, nezvimwewo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzinoshandiswa kudzora honye munzvimbo dzinoberekera umhutu nenhunzi, uye dzakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Dziri kufarirwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye dziri kushandiswa.
Mumakore achangopfuura, makambani akadai seFudan University akaongorora nekugadzira mapheromone enhunzi dzemumba, uye Wuhan University yakagadzira yega ma cockroach parvoviruses. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvine mikana yakawanda yekushandisa. Zvigadzirwa zvezvipembenene zve microbial zviri kugadzirwa, zvakaita se: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus, cockroach virus neMetarhizium anisopliae zvakanyoreswa sezvigadzirwa zvehutsanana. Zvinonyanya kushandisa synergists ipiperonyl butoxide, octachlorodipropyl ether, uye synergist amine. Pamusoro pezvo, mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwedambudziko rekushandiswa kwe octachlorodipropyl ether, Nanjing Forestry Research Institute yakabvisa AI-1 synergist kubva kuturpentine, uye Shanghai Entomology Research Institute neNanjing Agricultural University vakagadzira 94o synergist. agent. Kunewo follow-up synergistic amines, synergists, uye kugadzirwa kweS-855 plant-derived synergists.
Parizvino, kune huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene zvinosvika makumi masere nenomwe munyika medu, izvo: 46 (52.87%) yepyrethroids, 8 (9.20%) yeorganophosphorus, 5 yemacarbamate, 1 (5.75%), 5 inorganic substances (5.75%), 4 microorganisms (4.60%), 1 organochlorine (1.15%), uye mamwe marudzi gumi nemasere (20.68%).
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-20-2023