Musika wepasi rose wemishonga yezvipembenene wepamba wakaona kukura kwakakosha sezvo kukura kwemaguta kuri kukurumidza uye vanhu vave kuziva hutano nehutsanana. Kuwanda kuri kuita zvirwere zvinotapurwa nemavheji zvakaita sedengue fever nemarariya kwawedzera kudiwa kwemishonga yemumba mumakore achangopfuura. Somuenzaniso, World Health Organization yakashuma kuti vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 200 vemarariya vakashumwa munyika yose gore rakapera, vachisimbisa kudikanwa kwokukurumidzira kwezvirongwa zvinobudirira zvokudzora tumbuyu. Mukuwedzera, sezvo zvinetso zvezvipembenene zviri kuwedzera, nhamba yedzimba dzinoshandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakawedzera zvikuru, uye mayunitsi anopfuura bhiriyoni 1,5 akatengeswa pasi rose gore rapfuura chete. Kukura uku kunofambiswawo nekukura kuri kuita kirasi yepakati, iyo iri kutyaira kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza hupenyu.
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye hutsva hwakaita basa rakakosha mukuumba musika wemumba wemishonga yezvipembenene. Kuunzwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine muchetura uye isina muchetura yakakwezva vatengi vanokoshesa zvakatipoteredza. Semuyenzaniso, zvinouraya zvipembenene zvinodyarwa zvakawana mukurumbira wakanyanya, nezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinopfuura makumi mashanu zvakafashamira pamusika uye kupinda muzvitoro zvikuru muEurope neNorth America. Pamusoro pezvo, zvipembenene zvine hungwaru zvinogadzirisa senge otomatiki indoor mosquito misungo iri kuramba ichizivikanwa, nekutengesa kwepasirese kunopfuura mamirioni gumi gore rapfuura. Indasitiri ye-e-commerce yakapesvedzerawo zvakanyanya kusimba kwemusika, nekutengesa kwepamhepo kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene iri kukura ne20%, zvichiita kuti ive nzira yakakosha yekugovera.
Kubva pamaonero edunhu, Asia Pacific inoramba iri musika mukuru wemishonga yezvipembenene yemumba, inotungamirwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwedunhu uye kuwedzera kuziva nezvekudzivirira zvirwere. Dunhu iri rinotora anopfuura makumi mana muzana ehuwandu hwemusika, neIndia neChina vari ivo vatengi vakuru. Zvichakadaro, Latin America yabuda semusika uri kukurumidza kukurumidza, neBrazil ichiona kukura kwakakura mukudiwa sezvo iri kuramba ichirwisa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehumhutu. Musika uyu wakaonawo kuwedzera kwevagadziri vemuno, nemakambani matsva anodarika mazana maviri apinda muindasitiri iyi mumakore maviri apfuura. Pamwe chete, zvinhu izvi zvinonongedza kune yakasimba kukura kwemusika wezvipembenene wemba, inotungamirwa nehunyanzvi, mutsauko wedunhu mukudiwa, uye nekuchinja zvinodiwa nevatengi.
Mafuta Akakosha: Kubatanidza Simba Rechisikigo Kushandura Mishonga Yezvipembenene Mumba kuita Ramangwana Rakachengeteka, Rakasvibira.
Musika wemushonga wezvipembenene wepamba uri kusangana nekuchinja kwakakosha kuenda kune zvakasikwa uye eco-hushamwari mhinduro, nemafuta akakosha achive izvo zvinofarirwa zvinongedzo. Maitiro aya anofambiswa nevatengi vachiwedzera kuziva nezvehutano uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemakemikari ekugadzira anoshandiswa mumishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Mafuta akakosha senge lemongrass, neem, uye eucalyptus anozivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwawo hwekudzinga, achiaita imwe inoyevedza. Musika wepasi rose wemafuta ekuuraya zvipembenene unotarisirwa kusvika US$1.2 bhiriyoni muna 2023, zvichiratidza kufarira kuri kuita kwevanhu zvinhu zvakasikwa. Kudiwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inogadzirwa nemafuta munzvimbo dzemumadhorobha kwawedzera zvakanyanya, nekutengesa kwepasirese kwasvika miriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu, zvichiratidza shanduko yezvido zvevatengi kuenda kumhinduro dzakachengeteka uye dzakasimba. Pamusoro pezvo, pamusoro peUS $500 miriyoni yakaiswa mukutsvaga nekugadzira mafuta akakosha, zvichiratidza kuzvipira kweindasitiri mukuvandudza nekuchengetedza.
Kukwezva kwemafuta akakosha mumusika wezvipembenene zvemumba kunowedzerwa zvakare sezvo vachipa akasiyana mabhenefiti anoshanda, anosanganisira anonhuhwirira anonhuhwirira uye asina-chepfu zvivakwa, zvinoenderana nemararamiro akazara evatengi vemazuva ano. Muna 2023, mhuri dzinopfuura mamirioni makumi manomwe muNorth America chete dzichachinjira kumishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakakosha. Mutengesi mukuru akashuma kuwedzera kwe20% munzvimbo yesherufu yezvigadzirwa izvi, zvichiratidza kukura kwayo kwemusika. Pamusoro pezvo, mafuta akakosha-akavakirwa pakugadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mudunhu reAsia Pacific yakawedzera ne30%, ichitungamirwa nekukwira kuri kuita kwevatengi uye nerutsigiro rwakanaka rwemitemo. Mapuratifomu epamhepo akaitawo basa rakakosha, aine 500,000 mitsva yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakatangwa gore rapfuura. Sezvo musika uchiramba uchishanduka, mafuta akakosha akagadzirira kutonga chikamu chezvipembenene zvemumba nekuda kwekuita kwavo, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuenderana nekuchinja kwepasirese kune yakasvibira kurarama mhinduro.
Synthetic pesticides account ye56% yemusika: inotungamira pasi rose kudzora zvipembenene nekuda kwehunyanzvi uye kuvimba kwevatengi.
Musika wemusha wemishonga yezvipembenene uri kusangana nekukura kusati kwamboitika mukudiwa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, inotungamirwa nekuita kwavo kwepamusoro uye kuita kwakasiyana-siyana. Kudiwa uku kunofambiswa nezvinhu zvakati wandei zvakakosha, kusanganisira kugona kwavo kukurumidza kuuraya twupukanana uye kupa dziviriro yenguva refu iyo dzimwe nzira dzechisikigo kazhinji hadzigone. Zvikuru, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene senge pyrethroids, organophosphates, uye carbamates zvave zvinhu zvemumba, nemayuniti anopfuura mabhiriyoni matatu akatengeswa pasi rose gore rapfuura chete. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinonyanya kufarirwa nekuda kwechiito chazvo chekukurumidza uye kushanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzemudhorobha uko kupararira kwezvipembenene. Kuti isangane nezvinodiwa nevatengi, indasitiri yakawedzera hunyanzvi hwayo hwekugadzira, iine anopfuura mazana mana ekugadzira zvidyarwa pasi rese achinyanya kugadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzika cheni uye kuendesa kune vatengi.
Pasi rose, mhinduro kumusika wekugadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yave yakanaka, nenyika dzakaita seUS neChina dziri kutungamira kugadzira nekushandisa, nekugadzirwa kwepagore kweanopfuura mamirioni makumi mashanu. Pamusoro pezvo, indasitiri yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yemumba yakaona kukosha kweR&D mumakore achangopfuura, inodarika mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora, nechinangwa chekugadzira maumbirwo akachengeteka uye ane hushamwari. Mabhindauko makuru anosanganisira kuunzwa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inoodegradable, iyo inoderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwayo. Pamusoro pezvo, shanduko yeindasitiri kune yakangwara yekurongedza mhinduro, senge-inodzivirira vana uye eco-inoshamwaridzika midziyo, inoratidza kuzvipira kukuchengetedza kwevatengi uye kusimba. Aya magadzirirwo akakurudzira kukura kwemusika, neindasitiri yemishonga yezvipembenene inotarisirwa kuunza imwe bhiriyoni yemadhora 1.5 mumari mumakore mashanu anotevera. Sezvo zvigadzirwa izvi zvichiramba zvichitonga pamusika, kubatanidzwa kwavo mumatanho ekugadzirisa zvipembenene zvinoratidzira basa razvo rakakosha mukuchengetwa kwemazuva ano, kuve nechokwadi kuti vanoramba vari sarudzo yekutanga yevatengi pasi rese.
Kudiwa kwemishonga inouraya mosquito mumusika wemishonga yezvipembenene kuri kukura zvakanyanya nekuda kwechimbichimbi chekurwisa zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa neumhutu, izvo zvinokanganisa hutano hwepasi rose. Umhutu hunotapurira zvimwe zvezvirwere zvine njodzi pasi rose zvinosanganisira malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, yellow fever uye chikungunya. Maererano neWorld Health Organization (WHO), marariya chete inobata vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 200 uye inokonzera nzufu dzinopfuura 400 000 gore negore, zvikurukuru kumaodzanyemba kweSahara muAfrica. Zvichakadaro, kune vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 100 vechirwere che<em>dengue gore negore, uye zvirwere zviri kuwedzera zvakanyanya, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Kunyange zvazvo isingawanzowaniki, hutachiona hweZika hune hukama nehurema hwakakomba hwekuzvarwa, zvichikurudzira kupararira kwehutano hweveruzhinji. Uku kuwanda kunotyisa kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa neumhutu ndiko kukurudzira kukuru kuti mhuri dziise mari yakawanda mumishonga yezvipembenene: mishonga inouraya umhutu inodarika mabhiriyoni maviri inotengeswa pasi rose gore negore.
Kukura kwezvipembenene zvinouraya umhutu mumusika wepasi rose wezvipembenene zvinowedzerwa nekuwedzera kuziva uye matanho ehutano hweveruzhinji. Hurumende nemasangano ezveutano hweveruzhinji vanoisa mari inodarika mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora ekuAmerica pagore muzvirongwa zvekudzivirira umhutu, zvinosanganisira kugovera mambure ane mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye zvirongwa zvefogging mukati memba. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadziridzwa kwemishonga mitsva yezvipembenene inobudirira kwakakonzera kutangwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinodarika mazana mashanu mumakore maviri apfuura kuti zvizadzise zvido zvakasiyana zvevatengi. Musika uyu wakaonawo kukura kwakakura mukutengesa kwepamhepo, paine e-commerce chikuva ichishuma kuti kutengesa kunodzinga umhutu kwakawedzera neinopfuura 300% panguva yemwaka wepamusoro. Sezvo nzvimbo dzemumadhorobha dzichiwedzera uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichichinja nzvimbo dzinogara mosquito, kudiwa kwemhinduro dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira umhutu kunotarisirwa kuramba kuchikura, nemusika unotarisirwa kuwedzera kaviri muhukuru mumakore gumi anotevera. Maitiro aya anosimbisa kukosha kwakakosha kwemishonga inouraya umhutu sechikamu chakakosha chemaitiro ehutano hweveruzhinji pasi rose.
Kudiwa kukuru: Mari yemusika wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene muAsia Pacific inosvika 47%, ichitora chinzvimbo chekutungamira.
Senyika huru yevatengi mumusika wemusha wemishonga yezvipembenene, dunhu reAsia Pacific rinoita basa rakakosha nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika ecology uye magariro nehupfumi mamiriro. Maguta edunhu ane vanhu vakawanda akadai seMumbai, Tokyo neJakarta anongoda nzira dzekudzivirira tumbuyu dzinoshanda kuchengetedza mamiriro ehupenyu anobata vanopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri vanogara mumaguta. Nyika dzakaita seThailand, Philippines neVietnam dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa ane huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirwere zvinotapurwa nemavector senge dengue fever nemarariya, uye mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa mumisha inopfuura mamirioni mazana mashanu gore rega rega. Sangano reWorld Health Organisation rakaronga dunhu iri se "nzvimbo inopisa" yezvirwere izvi, nezviitiko zvinopfuura mamirioni matatu zvinoshumwa gore negore uye kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwemhinduro dzinoshanda dzekurwisa zvipembenene. Pamusoro pezvo, kirasi yepakati, iyo inotarisirwa kusvika 1.7 bhiriyoni panosvika 2025, iri kuwedzera kuisa mari mumishonga yemazuva ano uye yakasiyana-siyana, ichiratidza kuchinja kwemabhajeti emhuri kune kukoshesa hutano nehutsanana.
Tsika dzekutanga uye hunyanzvi zvakare dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuwedzera kwemusika wemishonga yezvipembenene. MuJapan, musimboti wemottainai, kana kuti kuderedza marara, wakakurudzira kugadzirwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inobudirira zvikuru, inogara kwenguva refu, nemakambani ari kutsvaga zvibvumirano zvinodarika mazana matatu zvakakosha gore rakapera chete. Maitiro ekuenderana nemhoteredzo, bio-based mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inocherechedzwa, nemitengo yekugamuchirwa ichikwira zvakanyanya muIndonesia neMalaysia sezvo vatengi vanova nehanya nemhoteredzo. Musika weAsia Pacific unofungidzirwa kuve wakakosha US$7 bhiriyoni panosvika 2023, neChina neIndia dzichitora chikamu chakakosha nekuda kwehuwandu hwadzo uye kukura kwekuziva nezvehutano. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta kuri kuramba kuchibudirira, nedunhu rinotarisirwa kuwedzera bhiriyoni imwe yevagari vemumaguta panosvika 2050, zvichisimbisa chinzvimbo chayo semusika wakakosha wemishonga yezvipembenene. Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichinetsa nzira dzechinyakare dzekutonga zvipembenene, kuzvipira kwedunhu reAsia-Pacific kune hunyanzvi uye kugadzirisa kunofambisa kudiwa kwepasirese kwemhinduro dzakasimba uye dzinoshanda dzemishonga yezvipembenene.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-02-2024