Musika wepasi rose wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba waona kukura kukuru sezvo kukura kwemaguta kuri kukurumidza uye vanhu vava kuziva hutano nehutsanana. Kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvinotapukira zvakadai sedengue fever nemalaria kwakawedzera kudiwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba mumakore achangopfuura. Semuenzaniso, World Health Organization yakashuma kuti nyaya dzinopfuura mamiriyoni mazana maviri emarariya dzakashumwa pasi rose gore rapera, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwematanho ekudzivirira zvipembenene anoshanda. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo matambudziko ezvipembenene ari kuwedzera, huwandu hwemhuri dzinoshandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene hwakawedzera zvakanyanya, nemayuniti anopfuura mabhiriyoni 1.5 akatengeswa pasi rose gore rapfuura chete. Kukura uku kuri kukonzerwawo nekukura kwevanhu vepakati nepakati, izvo zviri kukurudzira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvezuva nezuva zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza hupenyu.
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye hunyanzvi zvakabatsira zvikuru mukugadzira musika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba. Kuunzwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene isingakuvadzi nharaunda uye isina chepfu yakawanda kwakakwezva vatengi vane hanya nezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inobva mumiti yakawana mukurumbira wakanyanya, nezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinopfuura makumi mashanu zvakazara mumusika uye zvichipinda muzvitoro zvikuru muEurope neNorth America. Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakangwara senge misungo yeumhutu inongoerekana yapinda mudzimba iri kuramba ichifarirwa, nekutengesa kwepasi rose kwakadarika mamiriyoni gumi emamiriyoni gore rapfuura. Indasitiri yekutengeserana paindaneti yakapesvedzerawo zvakanyanya mafambiro emusika, nekutengesa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba paindaneti kuri kukura ne20%, zvichiita kuti ive nzira yakakosha yekuparadzira.
Kubva pamaonero edunhu, Asia Pacific inoramba iri musika mukuru wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mudzimba, zvichikonzerwa nehuwandu hwevanhu munharaunda iyi uye ruzivo rwuri kukura rwekudzivirira zvirwere. Dunhu iri rine anopfuura 40% yemugove wese wemusika, India neChina dziri ivo vatengi vakawanda. Panguva iyi, Latin America yakabuda semusika uri kukura nekukurumidza, Brazil ichiona kukura kukuru mukudiwa kwayo sezvo ichiramba ichirwisa zvirwere zvinotapukirwa neumhutu. Musika uyu wakaonawo kuwedzera kwevagadziri vemuno, nemakambani matsva anopfuura 200 achipinda muindasitiri iyi mumakore maviri apfuura. Pamwe chete, zvinhu izvi zvinoratidza kukura kwakasimba kwemusika wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mudzimba, zvichikonzerwa nekuvandudzwa, mutsauko wekudiwa kwemishonga mudunhu, uye kuchinja kwezvinodiwa nevatengi.
Mafuta Akakosha: Kushandisa Simba Rezvisikwa Kuchinja Mishonga Yezvipembenene Yemumba Kuita Remangwana Rakachengeteka Uye Rakaringana
Musika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba uri kusangana nekuchinja kukuru kuenda kune mhinduro dzechisikigo uye dzinochengetedza nharaunda, nemafuta akakosha ari iwo anonyanya kufarirwa. Maitiro aya ari kutungamirwa nevatengi vari kuwedzera kuziva nezvemhedzisiro yemakemikari akagadzirwa anoshandiswa mumishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Mafuta akakosha akadai se lemongrass, neem, uye eucalyptus anozivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwawo hwekubvisa zvipembenene, zvichiita kuti ive imwe nzira inokwezva. Musika wemafuta akakosha ezvipembenene pasi rose unotarisirwa kusvika US$1.2 bhiriyoni muna 2023, zvichiratidza kuwedzera kwekuda kwevanhu zvigadzirwa zvechisikigo. Kudiwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inobva mumafuta akakosha munzvimbo dzemaguta kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, nekutengesa kwepasi rose kusvika kumayuniti zana nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni, zvichiratidza kuchinja kwezvinodiwa nevatengi kuenda kune mhinduro dzakachengeteka uye dzinogara kwenguva refu. Pamusoro pezvo, mari inodarika US$500 miriyoni yakaiswa mukutsvaga nekugadzira mafuta akakosha, zvichiratidza kuzvipira kweindasitiri mukuvandudza nekuchengetedza.
Kukwezva kwemafuta anokosha mumusika wezvipembenene zvemumba kuri kuwedzera sezvo achipa mabhenefiti akasiyana-siyana anoshanda, kusanganisira kunhuhwirira kwakanaka uye zvinhu zvisina chepfu, zvinoenderana nemararamiro evatengi vemazuva ano. Muna 2023, mhuri dzinopfuura mamiriyoni makumi manomwe muNorth America chete dzichachinja kushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine mafuta anokosha. Mutengesi mukuru akataura kuti nzvimbo yezvigadzirwa izvi yakawedzera ne20%, zvichiratidza kukura kwemusika wayo. Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kwekugadzira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine mafuta anokosha munzvimbo yeAsia Pacific kwakawedzera ne30%, zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekuda kwevatengi uye rutsigiro rwakanaka rwemitemo. Mapuratifomu epamhepo akaitawo basa guru, nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mitsva inodarika 500,000 yakatangwa gore rapfuura. Sezvo musika uchiramba uchichinja, mafuta anokosha akagadzirira kutonga chikamu chemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yemumba nekuda kwekushanda kwayo, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuwirirana nekuchinja kwenyika kune mhinduro dzehupenyu hwegirinhi.
Mishonga yezvipembenene yakagadzirwa inoita 56% yemusika: inotungamira mukurwisa zvipembenene pasi rose nekuda kwehunyanzvi hutsva uye kuvimba nevatengi
Musika wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mudzimba uri kuona kukura kusati kwamboitika mukudiwa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakagadzirwa, zvichikonzerwa nekushanda kwayo kwepamusoro uye kushanduka-shanduka. Kudiwa uku kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakakosha zvakasiyana, kusanganisira kugona kwayo kuuraya zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana nekukurumidza uye kupa dziviriro inogara kwenguva refu iyo dzimwe nzira dzechisikigo dzisingagoni kazhinji. Zvakakosha kuti mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakagadzirwa senge pyrethroids, organophosphates, uye carbamates yave chinhu chikuru mudzimba, ine mayuniti anopfuura mabhiriyoni matatu akatengeswa pasi rese gore rapfuura chete. Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinonyanya kufarirwa nekuda kwekushanda kwayo nekukurumidza uye kushanda kwayo munzvimbo dzemaguta uko zvipembenene zvinowanzoonekwa. Kuti zvigutse zvinodiwa nevatengi, indasitiri iyi yakawedzera kugona kwayo kugadzira, ine mafekitori anopfuura mazana mana pasi rese anonyanya kugadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakagadzirwa, ichivimbisa kuti kune cheni yekugovera yakagadzikana uye kuendesa kune vatengi.
Pasi rose, mhinduro kumusika wemishonga yemumba yakagadzirwa yave yakanaka, nyika dzakadai seUS neChina dziri kutungamira mukugadzirwa nekushandiswa, nehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwegore negore hwemayuniti anopfuura mamiriyoni makumi mashanu. Pamusoro pezvo, indasitiri yemishonga yemumba yakagadzirwa yakaona mari yakawanda muR&D mumakore achangopfuura, inodarika mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora, nechinangwa chekugadzira mishonga yemumba yakachengeteka uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda. Zviitiko zvikuru zvinosanganisira kuunzwa kwemishonga yemumba inogona kuora, iyo inoderedza kukanganisa nharaunda pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwayo. Pamusoro pezvo, shanduko yeindasitiri kune mhinduro dzemapurasitiki dzakangwara, dzakadai semidziyo isingakuvadzi vana uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda, inoratidza kuzvipira kuchengetedzeka kwevatengi uye kugara kwenguva refu. Izvi zvitsva zvakakurudzira kukura kwemusika kwakasimba, neindasitiri yemishonga yemumba yakagadzirwa ichitarisirwa kuwana imwe mari inosvika mabhiriyoni imwe nehafu emadhora mumakore mashanu anotevera. Sezvo zvigadzirwa izvi zvichiri kuramba zvichitonga musika, kubatanidzwa kwazvo muhurongwa hwakabatanidzwa hwekutarisira zvipembenene kunoratidza basa razvo rakakosha mukutarisira dzimba kwemazuva ano, zvichiva nechokwadi chekuti zvinoramba zviri sarudzo yekutanga kune vatengi pasi rese.
Kudiwa kwemishonga inouraya umhutu mumusika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba kuri kukura zvikuru nekuda kwekudiwa kukuru kwekurwisa zvirwere zvinotapurirwa neumhutu, izvo zvinotyisidzira hutano hwepasi rose. Umhutu hunotapurirana zvimwe zvezvirwere zvine njodzi pasi rose, zvinosanganisira malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, yellow fever uye chikungunya. Sekureva kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), malaria chete inobata vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni mazana maviri uye inokonzera kufa kwevanhu vanodarika mazana mana ezviuru gore rega rega, kunyanya muAfrica iri pasi peSahara. Panguva iyi, kune vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni zana vane dengue fever gore rega rega, uye nyaya dziri kuwedzera zvakanyanya, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dziri pasi peSahara. Kunyangwe zvisingawanzoitiki, Zika virus inobatanidzwa nekuremara kwakakomba kwekuzvarwa, zvichikonzera kupararira kwemabasa ehutano hweveruzhinji. Kuwanda uku kunotyisa kwezvirwere zvinotapurirwa neumhutu ikurudziro huru kumhuri kuti dziise mari yakawanda mumishonga inouraya zvipembenene: mishonga inouraya umhutu inopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri inotengeswa pasi rese gore rega rega.
Kukura kwemishonga inouraya umhutu mumusika wepasi rose wemishonga inouraya umhutu kunowedzera kukurudzirwa nekuwedzera kweruzivo uye matanho ekuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji. Hurumende nemasangano ehutano hweveruzhinji vanoisa mari inodarika US$3 bhiriyoni pagore muzvirongwa zvekudzora umhutu, kusanganisira kugoverwa kwemambure emubhedha anorapwa zvipembenene uye zvirongwa zvekuputira mukati memba. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadzirwa kwemishonga mitsva inoshanda uye inoshanda zvakanyanya kwakaguma nekuburitswa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinopfuura mazana mashanu mumakore maviri apfuura kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevatengi. Musika wacho wakaonawo kukura kukuru mukutengesa online, nepuratifomu ye e-commerce ichishuma kuti kutengeswa kwemishonga inouraya umhutu kwakawedzera neanopfuura 300% munguva yepamusoro. Sezvo nzvimbo dzemaguta dzichiwedzera uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichichinja nzvimbo dzeumhutu, kudiwa kwemhinduro dzinoshanda dzekudzora umhutu kunotarisirwa kuramba kuchikura, nemusika unotarisirwa kuwedzera kaviri muhukuru mumakore gumi anotevera. Maitiro aya anoratidza kukosha kukuru kwemishonga inouraya umhutu sechikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwehutano hweveruzhinji hwepasi rose.
Kudiwa kukuru: Mari inowanikwa mumusika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba muAsia Pacific inosvika 47%, ichitora nzvimbo inotungamira.
Senyika inonyanya kutenga mishonga yezvipembenene mudzimba, dunhu reAsia Pacific rinoita basa guru nekuda kwenzvimbo yaro yakasiyana yezvakatipoteredza uye hupfumi hwevanhu. Maguta ane vanhu vakawanda munharaunda iyi akadai seMumbai, Tokyo neJakarta anoda nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira zvipembenene kuti achengetedze mararamiro anokanganisa vagari vemumaguta vanopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri. Nyika dzakadai seThailand, Philippines neVietnam dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya ane huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirwere zvinotapukira zvakaita sedengue fever nemalaria, uye mishonga yezvipembenene inoshandiswa mumhuri dzinopfuura mamiriyoni mazana mashanu gore rega rega. World Health Organization yakaronga dunhu iri se "nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa" nezvirwere izvi, nezviitiko zvinodarika mamiriyoni matatu zvichishumwa gore rega rega uye kudiwa kukuru kwemhinduro dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira zvipembenene. Pamusoro pezvo, vepakati nepakati, avo vanotarisirwa kusvika vanhu mabhiriyoni 1.7 panosvika gore ra2025, vari kuwedzera kuisa mari mumishonga yezvipembenene yemazuva ano uye yakasiyana-siyana, zvichiratidza shanduko mubhajeti yemhuri yekuisa hutano nehutsanana pamberi.
Zvinhu zvakakosha mutsika nekuvandudza zvinhu zvinoitawo basa guru mukuwedzera musika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba. MuJapan, musimboti we mottainai, kana kuderedza marara, wakatungamira kukura kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoshanda zvikuru uye inogara kwenguva refu, nemakambani achinyorera mvumo dzinopfuura mazana matatu gore rapera chete. Mafambiro ekushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene isingakuvadzi nharaunda, ine chekuita nezvakatipoteredza akakosha, nehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwayo huchikwira zvakanyanya muIndonesia neMalaysia sezvo vatengi vava kunyanya kufunga nezvezvakatipoteredza. Musika weAsia Pacific unofungidzirwa kuti unokosha US$7 bhiriyoni panosvika 2023, China neIndia dzichitora chikamu chikuru nekuda kwevanhu vakawanda uye kukura kweruzivo rwehutano. Panguva imwe chete, kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta kuri kuramba kuchibudirira, nenzvimbo iyi ichitarisirwa kuwedzera vagari vemumaguta vanosvika bhiriyoni imwe chete panosvika 2050, zvichisimbisa nzvimbo yayo semusika mukuru wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mudzimba. Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichinetsa nzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzirisa zvipembenene, kuzvipira kwedunhu reAsia-Pacific mukuvandudza nekugadzirisa zvinhu kuchasimudzira kudiwa kwepasi rose kwemhinduro dzemishonga inouraya zvipembenene dzinogara kwenguva refu uye dzinoshanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-02-2024