Beauveriabassiana neMetarhizium anisopliae ndidzo mbiri dzefungus dzinonyanya kukosha uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudzivirira zvipembenene (EPFs). Ongororo dzichangoburwa dzakaratidza kuti dzinogonawo kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa mushure mekubayiwa majekiseni ekugadzira. Kuti tinyatsoongorora kupararira kwezvirimwa kubva muzvirimwa uye migumisiro yekukura kwezvirimwa izvi.Beauveria bassianauye Metarhizium anisopliae pazvirimwa zvekurima, muchidzidzo ichi, mbesa dzechibage dzakarapwa nemarudzi gumi nematatu eBeauveria bassiana uye makumi manomwe nematatu eMetarhizium anisopliae, zvichiteerana, serhizosphere fungi mu hydroponic system. Zviyero zvekukura kwembesa, kusanganisira kureba kwembesa, kureba kwemidzi, uye huremu hutsva, zvakatariswa uye zvakanyorwa kwemazuva makumi matatu nemashanu akatevedzana kusimbisa mhedzisiro yekukura kwe entomopathogenic fungal inoculation. Mhedzisiro yekuongorora fungal recovery rate (FRR) yakaratidza kuti ese ari maviri Beauveria bassiana neMetarhizium anisopliae anokwanisa kupinda mu endophytic tishu dzechibage. Pazuva rechinomwe, chiyero chekuonekwa kweBeauveria bassiana chaive 100% mumadzinde nemashizha, asi pakasvika zuva rechi28, chiyero chekuonekwa mumadzinde chakaderera kusvika pa11.1% uye mumashizha kusvika pa22.2%. Zvisinei, *Beauveria bassiana* haina kuonekwa mumidzi kusvika pazuva rechi28, nechiyero chekuonekwa che33.3%. Munguva yese yekutarisa, marudzi e *Metarhizium anisopliae* akaparadzaniswa kubva pamidzi, madzinde, nemashizha emuti uyu nekukwanisa kuona zvakawanda. Kuwedzerwa kwePCR kwemaDNA efungus-specific fungal kwakawedzera kusimbisa kuunganidzwa kwe *Beauveria bassiana* ne *Metarhizium anisopliae* mumatishu akasiyana-siyana; nzira iyi yakaratidza kunzwa kwakanyanya kwekuona uye 100% positive reaction. Zvichienzaniswa nehukuru hwekutanga mu hydroponic solution, pazuva rechi21, huwandu hwefungus hwakaderera kusvika pasi pe1%. Saka, marudzi maviri akasarudzwa e entomopathogenic fungi akabudirira kusimbisa endophytic colonization, pane colonization, ye corn rhizosphere uye zvakasimudzira kukura kwayo zvakanyanya mu hydroponic system. Entomopathogenic fungi ine mukana mukuru wekushandiswa mukurima kwe organic, kusanganisira se biopesticides uye biofertilizers.
Mafungi eEntomopathogenic (EPFs) aratidza kukosha kwawo semishonga yekudzivirira zvipembenene (BCAs) pakuchengetedza zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwenzvimbo dzazvo dzakasiyana-siyana, nyore kugadzira, kugadzikana, uye hutachiona hwakawanda.1, 2, 3MuChina, *Beauveria bassiana* ne *Metarhizium anisopliae* zvinoshandiswa mukutengeserana kudzora zvipembenene zvikuru zvechibage (zvakaita sechibage chinoboora nedonje remubobo) kudzivirira kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene.4Mukugadzirisa zvipembenene nefungus, hukama hwetriangles pakati pezvirimwa, zvipembenene, nefungus hwakaoma kupfuura hukama huripo pakati pezvipembenene nezvirwere zvefungus.
Zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinorarama pamwe chete nefungi dze endophytic5, zvinogara mumiti isingakuvadzi zvakanyanya6Mafungi e endophytic zvipenyu zvinoumbwa mushure mekuva nehukama hwekubatana nemuviri wazvo.7Zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga uye kuwedzera kugona kwadzo kuchinjika kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kusanganisira biotic uye abiotic stress8, 9, 10. Howa hwe endophytic hune hunhu hwakakosha hwe phylogenetic uye mararamiro, akadai sekugara mudzimba, kupararira, chimiro chemiti chaiyo, uye kugara mudzimba dzakasiyana dzemiti.11Kushandiswa kwefungus dzinopinda mumasero emuviri sezvisikwa zvinopinda mumasero emuviri kwakakwezva kutsvagurudza kwakapararira uye kwakaratidza mabhenefiti akawanda akasiyana pane zvipenyu zvechinyakare zvinopinda mumasero emuviri.
Zvirwere zveBeauveria bassiana neMetarhizium anisopliae zvinogona kukanganisa zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira gorosi, soya, mupunga, nyemba, hanyanisi, domasi, muchindwe, mazambiringa, mbatatisi, nedonje asi kwete chete.12Utachiona hwemunzvimbo kana kuti hwemuviri hunonyanya kuitika mumidzi, madzinde, mashizha, uye mukati memiti.11Kutapurirana kwezvipembenene kuburikidza nekurapa mbeu, kuisa mashizha, uye kudiridza ivhu zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa kuburikidza nekutapurirana kwefungus kubva mu endophytic.13, 14, 15, 16Kurapa mbeu dzezvirimwa neBeauveria bassiana neMetarhizium anisopliae kwakabatsira kukonzera hutachiona mumasero emiti uye kwakasimudzira kukura kwemiti nekuwedzera hurefu hwehunde, kureba kwemidzi, huremu hwemidzi mitsva, uye huremu hwehunde itsva.17, 18, 19Kubaya ivhu uyemashizhaKupfapfaidza Beauveria bassiana ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa, iyo inogona kukurudzira kukura kwembeu dzechibage.20
Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuongorora mhedzisiro inokurudzira kukura uye hunhu hwembeu dzechibage dzinobva kuBeauveria bassiana neMetarhizium anisopliae pamwe nemhedzisiro yadzo pakukura kwezvirimwa mu hydroponic systems.
Mukuedza kwemazuva makumi matatu nemashanu, kurapwa nefungi reBeauveria bassiana neMetarhizium anisopliae kwakakurudzira kukura kwechibage zvakanyanya. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1, simba refungus panhengo dzakasiyana dzechibage raienderana nedanho radzo rekukura.
Kukura kwembeu dzechibage pasi pekurapwa kwakasiyana nekufamba kwenguva. Kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, mitsetse ine mavara akasiyana inomiririra mbeu dzechibage dziri muboka rekutarisira, boka reBeauveria bassiana rakarapwa, uye boka reMetarhizium anisopliae rakarapwa, zvichiteerana.
Kuunganidzwa kwematumbu echibage ne *Beauveria bassiana* uye *Metarhizium anisopliae* kwakaongororwazve uchishandisa PCR amplification. Tafura 5 inoratidza kuti *Beauveria bassiana* yakaunganidza 100% yetumbu dzese dzechibage panzvimbo yega yega yekutora sampuli (mazuva 7-35). Zvakafanana zvakaonekwa pa *Metarhizium anisopliae* mutumbu dzemashizha, asi kubatanidzwa kwefungus uku hakuna kugara kuri 100% muhunde dzechibage nemashizha.
Nzira dzekubaya nadzo dzakakosha pakuita kuti fungus ipinde mumatumbu.28Parsa nevamwe.29Vakaona kuti *Beauveria bassiana* inogona kugara mumiti nekunze kwemuviri kana ikapfapfaidzwa kana kudiridzwa, nepo kugara mumidzi kuchingogoneka nekudiridza. Mumapfunde, Tefera naVidal vakataura kuti kubaya mashizha kwakawedzera mwero wekupararira kwe *Beauveria bassiana* mudzinde, nepo kubaya mbeu kwakawedzera mwero wekupararira mumidzi nemidzi. Muchidzidzo ichi, takabaya midzi nefungi mbiri nekuwedzera simbi inonyungudika zvakananga ku hydroponic system. Nzira iyi inogona kuvandudza kushanda kwekupararira kwefungi, sezvo mvura inoyerera ichigona kubatsira kufamba kwefungi conidia kuenda kumidzi yechibage. Kuwedzera kune nzira dzekubaya, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita setupukanana twevhu, tembiricha, hunyoro, chekudya, makore ezvirimwa nemarudzi, kuwanda kwembeu, uye mhando dzefungus zvinogona kukanganisa kubudirira kwekupararira kwemiti yakasiyana-siyana nefungi.28
Uyezve, kuwedzera kwePCR kweDNA bands yefungus kunomiririra nzira itsva uye inonzwisisika yekuona fungus endophytes. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekuchera tissue dzemiti pane selective fungus media, nhamba shoma yefree detector receptor (FRR) yakawanikwa ye *Beauveria bassiana*, asi PCR analysis yakaburitsa 100% detection. Kuwanda kwe endophytic fungi mumiti kana biotic inhibition yemiti zvinogona kunge zviri chikonzero chekusabudirira kwekukura kwefungus pane selective media. PCR amplification inogona kushandiswa zvakavimbika pakudzidza endophytic fungi.
Zvidzidzo zvekare zvakaratidza kuti zvimwe zvipembenene zvinotapukira mudumbu zvinogona kushanda semafetiraiza ehupenyu nekukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa. Jaber et al. [16]yakashuma kuti mbeu dzegorosi dzakabayiwa neBeauveria bassiana kwemazuva gumi nemana dzaive nehurefu hwakakura hwehunde, kureba kwemidzi, huremu hwemidzi mitsva, uye huremu hwehunde kupfuura zvirimwa zvisina kubayiwa. Russo nevamwe.[30]yakashuma kuti kupfapfaidza chibage neBeauveria bassiana pamashizha kwakawedzera kureba kwemuti, huwandu hwemashizha, uye huwandu hwemafundo enzeve yekutanga.
Muchidzidzo chedu, howa mbiri dzakasarudzwa dzinokonzera fungus, Beauveria bassiana naMetarhizium anisopliae, dzakasimudzirawo kukura kwechibage muchirongwa chekurima zvirimwa zve hydroponic uye dzakaita kuti pave nekupararira kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana embeu dzechibage, izvo zvinotarisirwa kukurudzira kukura kwenguva refu.
Kusiyana neizvi, Moloignane nevamwe vake vakaona kuti kunyangwe mavhiki mana mushure mekudiridza ivhu, pakanga pasina musiyano mukuru pakureba kwemiti, huwandu hwemidzi, huwandu hwemashizha, huremu hutsva, uye huremu hwakaoma pakati pemiti yemizambiringa yakarapwa uye isina kurapwa ne *Beauveria bassiana*. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo kugona kwemarudzi chaiwo efungus e endophytic kunogona kunge kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemarudzi emiti, mhando yemiti, mamiriro ekudya, uye nharaunda. Tull naMeying vakaongorora mhedzisiro ye *Beauveria bassiana* seed treatment (GHA) pakukura kwechibage. Vakaona kuti *Beauveria bassiana* yakashanda semukurudziri wekukura muchibage chete mumamiriro ezvinhu ane zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana, uye hapana mhedzisiro yekukurudzira yakaonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina zvinovaka muviri. Saka, maitiro emhinduro yemiti kumhedzisiro yefungus e endophytic haana kujeka uye anoda kuferefetwa kwakawanda.
Takaongorora migumisiro yefungus dzinokonzera entomopathogenic *Beauveria bassiana* uye *Metarhizium anisopliae* senzira dzinokurudzira kukura kwechibage. Zvisinei, hazvisati zvajeka kuti nzira huru ndeye rhizosphere here kana kuti endophytic. Takaongorora huwandu hwe *Beauveria bassiana* uye *Metarhizium anisopliae* mu hydroponic solutions uye plant tissues kuti tinzwisise mashandiro adzo. Tichishandisa mayuniti ekugadzira koloni (CFU) sechiratidzo, takaona kuti kuwanda kwe *Beauveria bassiana* uye *Metarhizium anisopliae* mu hydroponic solution kwakadzikira nekukurumidza. Mushure mevhiki imwe chete, huwandu hwakasara hwe *Metarhizium anisopliae* hwaive pasi pe10%, uye *Beauveria bassiana* hwaive pasi pe1%. Mu hydroponic maize solution, fungus dzese dzakatonyangarika pazuva rechi28. Kuedza kwekudzora kwakaratidza kuti conidia yefungus dzese dzakaramba dzichirarama zvakanyanya mu hydroponic system mushure mevhiki imwe chete. Saka, howa dzemu endophytic, dzinokanganiswa nekunamatira kwemukati, kuzivikanwa kwemugadziri, uye nzira dzemukati, ndidzo dzinonyanya kukonzera kudzikira kukuru kwekuwanda kwehowa mu hydroponic system. Uyezve, basa rekukura kwehowa rinonyanya kukonzerwa nebasa radzo re endophytic, kwete basa re rhizosphere.
Mabasa ehupenyu anowanzobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwevanhu. Nekuyera huwandu hwefungi dzinopinda mumiti chete ndipo patinogona kuumba hukama huripo pakati pekukurudzira kukura kwemiti uye huwandu hwefungi dzinopinda mumiti. Nzira dzinoshandiswa kukurudzira kukura kwemiti mukudyidzana kwefungi nemiti dzinopinda mumiti dzinoda kuongororwa kwakawanda. Fungi dzinopinda mumiti hadzina chete mukana wekudzivirira zvipembenene asiwo dzinoita basa rakakosha mukukurudzira kukura kwemiti, zvichivhura maonero matsva pamusoro pekudyidzana kwezvakatipoteredza pakati pemiti, zvipembenene, uye fungi dzinopinda mumiti.
Mbeu dzechibage makumi mapfumbamwe dzakakura zvakaenzana uye dzine hutano dzakasarudzwa zvisina kurongeka kubva muboka rega rega rekuyedza. Nzvimbo yekumera yakatenderedza midzi yembeu yega yega yakasukurudzwa nemvura yakacheneswa kuti isakuvadze midzi. Mbeu dzechibage dzakarapwa, idzo dzaikura zvakaenzana muzvikamu zviri pamusoro nepasi pevhu, dzakazodyarwa muhurongwa hwekurimisa chibage hwe hydroponic.
Ruzivo rwese rwekuyedza rwakaongororwa uchishandisa imwe nzira yekuongorora kusiyana (ANOVA) muIBM SPSS Statistics (vhezheni 20.0), uye kukosha kwemusiyano pakati pekurapa kwakatsanangurwa uchishandisa bvunzo yaTukey yeHSD (P ≤ 0.05).
Sezvo zvinhu zvemuti zvakatengwa kubva kumutengesi ane certification wemunharaunda, hapana rezenisi raidiwa. Kushandiswa kwemiti kana zvinhu zvemuti muchidzidzo ichi kunoenderana nemirairo yakakodzera yepasi rose, yenyika, uye/kana yemasangano.
Mukupedzisa, howa mbiri dzinokonzera fungus, *Beauveria bassiana* uye *Metarhizium anisopliae*, dzakaita basa rakanaka mukusimudzira kukura kwembeu yechibage mushure mekubayiwa rhizosphere ne hydroponic system. Howa idzi mbiri dzakakwanisa kutanga kuunganidzwa kwenhengo dzese dzechibage nematishu kuburikidza nemidzi mukati mevhiki imwe chete. Kushanduka kwehuwandu hwefungus mu hydroponic solution uye kuunganidzwa kwematishu echibage kwakaratidza kuti, pamusoro pekushanda kwe rhizosphere, kushanda kwe endophytic kwehowa kwakaita mupiro wakakosha mukusimudzirwa kwekukura kwezvirimwa kwakaonekwa. Maitiro e endophytic ehowa akaratidza humwe hunhu hwakasiyana. Kuwedzera kwe fungus-specific DNA bands uchishandisa PCR kwakaratidza kuti kwakanyatsonaka kupfuura nzira dzekuona koloni uchishandisa fungus-selective media. Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa kunyatsotevera fungus colonization uye kupararira kwayo munzvimbo mumatishu emiti. Tsvagiridzo yakawanda inodiwa kuti ijekese nzira idzo zvirimwa nezvipembenene zvemiti zvinopindura mhedzisiro ye endophytic yehowa (ruzivo rwakawedzerwa).
Datasets dzakagadzirwa panguva yekudzidza uku dzinowanikwa kubva kumunyori anoenderana nadzo kana zvikakumbirwa zvine musoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-20-2026