Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukura kwevanhu nekukurumidza zvave matambudziko makuru kukuchengetedzwa kwechikafu pasi rose. Imwe mhinduro ine tariro ndeyekushandisavanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa(PGRs) kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa uye kukunda mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka akadai senzvimbo dzegwenga. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, carotenoid zaxinone nezvimwe zviviri zvakafanana nayo (MiZax3 naMiZax5) zvakaratidza basa rinovimbisa rekusimudzira kukura muzvirimwa zvezviyo nemiriwo pasi pemamiriro egreenhouse uye mumunda. Pano, takaongorora zvakare mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwakasiyana hweMiZax3 naMiZax5 (5 μM na 10 μM muna 2021; 2.5 μM na 5 μM muna 2022) pakukura negoho rezvirimwa zviviri zvemiriwo zvine mutengo mukuru muCambodia: mbatatisi nestrawberry yeSaudi Arabia. Arabia. Mumiedzo mishanu yakazvimirira kubva muna 2021 kusvika 2022, kushandiswa kweMiZax kwakavandudza zvakanyanya hunhu hwezvirimwa, zvikamu zvegoho uye goho rese. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti MiZax inoshandiswa muhuwandu hwakaderera kupfuura humic acid (chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutengeserana chinoshandiswa pano kuenzanisa). Saka, zvatakawana zvinoratidza kuti MiZax inyanzvi yekukura kwezvirimwa inogona kushandiswa kukurudzira kukura nekugohorera kwezvirimwa zvemuriwo kunyangwe munzvimbo dzegwenga uye pahuwandu hushoma.
Sekureva kweSangano reFood and Agriculture Organization reUnited Nations (FAO), masisitimu edu ekugadzira chikafu anofanira kuwedzera katatu panosvika 2050 kuti vanhu vepasi rose vape chikafu chiri kukura (FAO: Nyika ichada 70% yekudya zvakanyanya panosvika 20501). Kutaura zvazviri, kukura kwevanhu nekukurumidza, kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kufamba kwezvipembenene, uye kunyanya tembiricha yakakwira uye kusanaya kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zvese zvinotarisana nekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu pasi rose2. Panyaya iyi, kuwedzera goho guru rezvirimwa zvekurima mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka ndeimwe yemhinduro dzisingarambiki kudambudziko iri guru. Zvisinei, kukura kwezvirimwa kunonyanya kutsamira pakuwanikwa kwezvinovaka muviri muvhu uye zvinodziviswa zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvakaipa zvezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kusanaya kwemvura, munyu kana kushushikana kwezvipenyu3,4,5. Kushushikana uku kunogona kukanganisa hutano nekukura kwezvirimwa uye pakupedzisira kutungamira mukudzikira kwegoho rezvirimwa6. Pamusoro pezvo, kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvemvura yakachena kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kudiridza zvirimwa, nepo kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose kunoderedza nzvimbo yevhu rinorimwa uye zviitiko zvakaita semafungu ekupisa zvinoderedza kubereka kwezvirimwa7,8. Kupisa kwakanyanya kwakajairika munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi, kusanganisira Saudi Arabia. Kushandisa mishonga inosimudzira kukura kwezvirimwa (biostimulants) kana mishonga inodzora kukura kwezvirimwa (PGRs) kunobatsira pakupfupisa kukura kwezvirimwa uye kuwedzera goho. Zvinogona kuvandudza kusimba kwezvirimwa uye kugonesa zvirimwa kurarama nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka ekukura9. Panyaya iyi, mishonga inosimudzira kukura kwezvirimwa nemidziyo inodzora kukura kwezvirimwa inogona kushandiswa muhuwandu hwakakwana hwekuvandudza kukura kwezvirimwa nekubudirira kwazvo10,11.
MaCarotenoids itetraterpenoids anoshandawo senzira dzekutanga mahormone e phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) uye strigolactone (SL)12,13,14, pamwe chete nezvinogadzirisa kukura zve zaxinone, anorene uye cyclocitral15,16,17,18,19 zvakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura. Zvisinei, akawanda ma metabolites chaiwo, kusanganisira carotenoid derivatives, ane manyuko mashoma echisikigo uye/kana kuti haana kugadzikana, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kwawo zvakananga mumunda uyu kuve kwakaoma. Saka, mumakore mashoma apfuura, maA analogues/mimetics akati wandei eABA neSL akagadzirwa uye akaedzwa kuti ashandiswe mukurima20,21,22,23,24,25. Saizvozvowo, munguva pfupi yapfuura takagadzira mimetics ye zaxinone (MiZax), metabolite inokurudzira kukura inogona kuita mhedzisiro yayo nekuwedzera metabolism yeshuga uye kudzora SL homeostasis mumidzi yemupunga19,26. Mimetics ye zaxinone 3 (MiZax3) neMiZax5 (makemikari anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1A) yakaratidza mashandiro ehupenyu akafanana ne zaxinone mumiti yemupunga yemusango inorimwa mumvura uye muvhu26. Uyezve, kurapwa kwematomatisi, muti wemuchindwe, mhiripiri yegirini nemanhanga ne zaxinone, MiZax3 neMiZx5 zvakavandudza kukura kwezvirimwa nekubudirira, kureva, goho remhiripiri nehunhu, pasi pemamiriro egreenhouse nemunda wakashama, zvichiratidza basa razvo se biostimulants uye kushandiswa kwePGR27. . Zvinofadza kuti, MiZax3 neMiZax5 zvakavandudzawo kushivirira munyu kwemhiripiri yegirini inorimwa pasi pemamiriro emunyu wakawanda, uye MiZax3 yakawedzera huwandu hwe zinc mumichero payakafukidzwa ne zinc-containing metal-organic frameworks7,28.
(A) Maumbirwo emakemikari eMiZax3 neMiZax5. (B) Mhedzisiro yekupfapfaidza MZ3 neMZ5 pamashizha e5 µM ne10 µM pamiti yembatatisi pasi pemamiriro ekunze. Kuedza uku kuchaitika muna 2021. Data rinoratidzwa seavhareji ± SD. n≥15. Kuongororwa kwenhamba kwakaitwa uchishandisa imwe nzira yekuongorora kusiyana (ANOVA) uye bvunzo yaTukey's post hoc. Nyeredzi dzinoratidza mutsauko wakakosha wehuwandu kana tichienzanisa nesimulation (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kwete kukosha). HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Mubasa iri, takaongorora MiZax (MiZax3 naMiZax5) pahuwandu hutatu hwemashizha (5 µM ne10 µM muna 2021 uye 2.5 µM ne5 µM muna 2022) uye takazvienzanisa nembatatisi (Solanum tuberosum L). Commercial growth regulator humic acid (HA) yakaenzaniswa nemastrawberry (Fragaria ananassa) mukuyedzwa kwestrawberry greenhouse muna 2021 na2022 uye mukuyedzwa kwemunda mina muUmambo hweSaudi Arabia, nzvimbo inowanzo shandiswa mugwenga. Kunyangwe HA iri biostimulant inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ine mhedzisiro yakawanda inobatsira, kusanganisira kuwedzera kuwanikwa kwezvinovaka muviri muvhu uye kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa nekudzora homostasis yehomoni, zvatakawana zvinoratidza kuti MiZax iri nani pane HA.
Midzi yembatatisi yemhando yeDiamond yakatengwa kubva kuJabbar Nasser Al Bishi Trading Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Midzi yemhando mbiri dzestrawberry dzinoti "Sweet Charlie" ne "Festival" ne humic acid dzakatengwa kubva kuModern Agritech Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Zvese zvinoshandiswa mubasa iri zvinoenderana neIUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Endangered Species uye Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
Nzvimbo yekuyedza iri muHada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia (21°48′3″N, 39°43′25″E). Ivhu racho rakaita sejecha, pH 7.8, EC 1.79 dcm-130. Hunhu hwevhu hunoratidzwa muSupplementary Table S1.
Michero mitatu yestrawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D. var. Festival) padanho remashizha chaiwo yakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu kuti vaongorore mhedzisiro yekupfapfaidza mashizha ne10 μM MiZax3 neMiZax5 pahunhu hwekukura uye nguva yekutumbuka pasi pemamiriro egreenhouse. Kupfapfaidza mashizha nemvura (ine 0.1% acetone) kwakashandiswa senzira yekurapa. MiZax foliar sprays yakashandiswa kanomwe panguva imwe chete yevhiki. Kuedza kwakazvimirira kaviri kwakaitwa musi wa15 na28 Gunyana, 2021, zvichiteerana. Chiyero chekutanga chemusanganiswa wega wega i50 ml uye zvishoma nezvishoma chakawedzerwa kusvika padanho rekupedzisira re250 ml. Kwemavhiki maviri akateedzana, huwandu hwemiti inotumbuka hwakanyorwa zuva rega rega uye mwero wemaruva wakaverengerwa pakutanga kwevhiki yechina. Kuti vaone hunhu hwekukura, huwandu hwemashizha, huremu hwechirimwa chitsva uye chakaoma, nzvimbo yese yemashizha, uye huwandu hwestolons pachirimwa chimwe nechimwe zvakayerwa pakupera kwechikamu chekukura uye pakutanga kwechikamu chekubereka. Nzvimbo yemashizha yakayerwa uchishandisa chiyereso chemashizha uye sampuli itsva dzakaomeswa muovheni pa100°C kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.
Miedzo miviri yemunda yakaitwa: kurima kwekutanga uye kunonoka. Midzi yembatatisi yemhando ye "Diamant" inodyarwa muna Mbudzi naKukadzi, nenguva dzekuibva kwekutanga uye kunonoka, zvichiteerana. Biostimulants (MiZax-3 na -5) dzinoshandiswa muhuwandu hwe5.0 na 10.0 µM (2021) uye 2.5 na 5.0 µM (2022). Spray humic acid (HA) 1 g/l kasere pasvondo. Mvura kana acetone zvakashandiswa senzira yekudzora negative. Dhizaini yebvunzo yemunda inoratidzwa mu (Supplementary Figure S1). Dhizaini yakazara yebhuroko (RCBD) ine nzvimbo yebhuroko ye2.5 m × 3.0 m yakashandiswa kuita bvunzo dzemunda. Kurapa kwega kwega kwakadzokororwa katatu semakopi akazvimiririra. Daro riri pakati pebhuroko rega rega i1.0 m, uye daro riri pakati pebhuroko rega rega i2.0 m. Daro riri pakati pezvirimwa i0.6 m, daro riri pakati pemitsara i1 m. Zvirimwa zvembatatisi zvaidirirwa zuva nezuva nedonhwe remvura pamwero we3.4 litres padonhwe rega rega. Sisitimu iyi inoshanda kaviri pazuva kwemaminitsi gumi nguva imwe neimwe kuti ipe zvirimwa mvura. Nzira dzese dzekurima mbatatisi dzakakurudzirwa dzakashandiswa31. Mwedzi mina mushure mekudyara, kureba kwechirimwa (cm), huwandu hwematavi pachirimwa, kuumbwa kwembatatisi uye goho, uye hunhu hwetuber zvakayerwa uchishandisa nzira dzakajairwa.
Mbeu dzemhando mbiri dzestrawberry (Sweet Charlie neFestival) dzakaedzwa pasi pemamiriro emunda. Biostimulants (MiZax-3 ne -5) dzakashandiswa semashizha ekupfapfaidza pahuwandu hwe5.0 ne 10.0 µM (2021) uye 2.5 ne 5.0 µM (2022) kasere pasvondo. Shandisa 1 g yeHA pa litre sefoliar spray pamwe chete neMiZax-3 ne -5, nemusanganiswa weH2O control kana acetone se negative control. Mbeu dzestrawberry dzakadyarwa munzvimbo ine 2.5 x 3 m kutanga kwaMbudzi ne 0.6 m yemuti uye 1 m yemutsara. Kuedza uku kwakaitwa paRCD uye kwakadzokororwa katatu. Miti yakadiridzwa kwemaminitsi gumi zuva rega rega na7:00 na 17:00 uchishandisa drip irrigation system ine madripper akaparadzaniswa ne 0.6 m uye ane simba re 3.4 L. Zvikamu zve agrotechnical uye parameters yekukohwa zvakayerwa munguva yekukura. Hunhu hwemichero inosanganisira TSS (%), vhitamini C32, acidity uye total phenolic compounds33 zvakaongororwa paLaboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Technology yeKing Abdulaziz University.
Data rinoratidzwa senzira uye kusiyana kunoratidzwa senzira dzakajairwa dzekutsauka. Kukosha kwenhamba kwakaongororwa uchishandisa nzira imwe chete yeANOVA (ANOVA imwe chete) kana nzira mbiri dzeANOVA uchishandisa bvunzo yekuenzanisa yakawanda yaTukey uchishandisa mukana we p < 0.05 kana bvunzo ye t yeMudzidzi ine miswe miviri kuti aone mutsauko wakakosha (*p < 0.05, * *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). Kududzira kwese kwenhamba kwakaitwa uchishandisa GraphPad Prism version 8.3.0. Masangano akaedzwa uchishandisa principal component analysis (PCA), nzira yekuverenga nhamba yakawanda, uchishandisa R package 34.
Mumushumo wapfuura, takaratidza basa rekusimudzira kukura kweMiZax pa5 ne10 μM muzvirimwa zvekurima uye takavandudza chiratidzo chechlorophyll muSoil Plant Assay (SPAD)27. Zvichibva pane izvi zvabuda, takashandisa huwandu hwakafanana kuti tiongorore mhedzisiro yeMiZax pambatatisi, chirimwa chakakosha chepasi rose chekudya, mukuyedzwa kwemunda munzvimbo dzerenje muna 2021. Kunyanya, taida kuyedza kana MiZax yaigona kuwedzera kuunganidzwa kwestarch, chibereko chekupedzisira chephotosynthesis. Kazhinji, kushandiswa kweMiZax kwakavandudza kukura kwezvirimwa zvembatatisi zvichienzaniswa nehumic acid (HA), zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwehurefu hwezvirimwa, biomass uye huwandu hwematavi (Mufananidzo 1B). Pamusoro pezvo, takaona kuti 5 μM MiZax3 neMiZax5 zvaive nemhedzisiro yakasimba pakuwedzera hurefu hwezvirimwa, huwandu hwematavi, uye biomass yezvirimwa zvichienzaniswa ne10 μM (Mufananidzo 1B). Pamwe chete nekukura kuri nani, MiZax yakawedzerawo goho, richiyerwa nehuwandu nehuremu hwematumbu akakohwewa. Mugumisiro wekubatsira wese wakanga usina kunyatsooneka apo MiZax yakapihwa pahuwandu hwe10 μM, zvichiratidza kuti mishonga iyi inofanira kuiswa pahuwandu huri pasi peizvi (Mufananidzo 1B). Pamusoro pezvo, hatina kuona mutsauko mune zvese zvakanyorwa pakati pekurapa kweacetone (mock) uye mvura (control), zvichiratidza kuti mhedzisiro yekukura kwemuviri yakaonekwa haina kukonzerwa ne solvent, izvo zvinoenderana nemushumo wedu wekare27.
Sezvo mwaka wekurima mbatatisi muSaudi Arabia uchisanganisira kukura kwekutanga uye kunonoka, takaita chidzidzo chechipiri mumunda muna 2022 tichishandisa huwandu hwakaderera (2.5 ne5 µM) mumwaka miviri kuti tiongorore kukanganiswa kwemwaka weminda yakavhurika (Supplementary Figure S2A). Sezvaitarisirwa, kushandiswa kwe5 μM MiZax kwakaburitsa mhedzisiro yekukurudzira kukura yakafanana neyekutanga kuyedza: kureba kwezvirimwa, kuwedzera matavi, biomass yakakwira, uye kuwedzera kwenhamba yembeu (Fig. 2; Supplementary Fig. S3). Zvakakosha, takaona mhedzisiro yakakosha yePGR idzi pahuwandu hwe2.5 μM, nepo kurapwa kweGA kusina kuratidza mhedzisiro yakafanotaurwa. Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti MiZax inogona kushandiswa kunyangwe pahuwandu hwakaderera pane hwaitarisirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kweMiZax kwakawedzerawo kureba nehupamhi hwembeu (Supplementary Figure S2B). Takawanawo kuwedzera kukuru kwehuremu hwembeu, asi huwandu hwe2.5 µM hwakangoshandiswa mumwaka yese yekudyara;
Kuongororwa kwechimiro chezvirimwa kwemhedzisiro yeMiZax pazvirimwa zvembatatisi zviri kukura nekukurumidza mumunda weKAU, kwakaitwa muna 2022. Data rinomiririra avhareji ± standard deviation. n≥15. Kuongororwa kwenhamba kwakaitwa uchishandisa one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) uye bvunzo yaTukey's post hoc. Manyeredzi anoratidza mutsauko wakakosha wehuwandu kana tichienzanisa nesimulation (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kwete kukosha). HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5; HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani mhedzisiro yekurapa (T) negore (Y), ANOVA yakashandiswa nenzira mbiri kuongorora kudyidzana kwadzo (T x Y). Kunyangwe zvese zvinosimudzira (T) zvakawedzera zvakanyanya kureba kwembeu dzembatatisi uye biomass, MiZax3 neMiZax5 chete ndizvo zvakawedzera huwandu hwembeu nehuremu, zvichiratidza kuti mhinduro dzembeu dzembatatisi kuMiZax mbiri dzaive dzakafanana (Mufananidzo 3)). Pamusoro pezvo, pakutanga kwemwaka mamiriro ekunze (https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/saudi-arabia/jeddah/climate) anova kupisa zvakanyanya (avhareji 28 °C uye hunyoro 52% (2022), izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya biomass yembeu yese (Mufananidzo 2; Mufananidzo S3 Wekuwedzera).
Dzidza mhedzisiro yekurapwa kwe5 µm (T), gore (Y) uye kudyidzana kwadzo (T x Y) pamatatoes. Data rinomiririra avhareji ± standard deviation. n ≥ 30. Kuongororwa kwestatistike kwakaitwa uchishandisa two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Asterisks dzinoratidza mutsauko wakakosha westatistike zvichienzaniswa nesimulation (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kwete kukosha). HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Zvisinei, kurapwa kweMyzax kwakaramba kuchikurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa zviri kunonoka kukura. Zvose, kuedza kwedu katatu kwakaratidza pasina mubvunzo kuti kushandiswa kweMiZax kune simba guru pachimiro chemiti nekuwedzera huwandu hwematavi. Kutaura zvazviri, pakanga paine mhedzisiro yakakosha yekudyidzana pakati pe (T) na (Y) pahuwandu hwematavi mushure mekurapwa kweMiZax (Mufananidzo 3). Mhedzisiro iyi inoenderana nebasa ravo sevanotonga zvisina kunaka strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis26. Pamusoro pezvo, takamboratidza kuti kurapwa kweZaxinone kunokonzera kuunganidzwa kwestarch mumidzi yemupunga35, izvo zvinogona kutsanangura kuwedzera kwehukuru nehuremu hwematavi embatatisi mushure mekurapwa kweMiZax, sezvo matavi acho akanyanya kuumbwa nestarch.
Zvirimwa zvemichero zvinomera zvakakosha pahupfumi. Mastrawberry anonzwa kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ezvinhu asina kugadzikana akadai sekusanaya kwemvura uye kupisa kwakanyanya. Nokudaro, takaongorora mashandiro eMiZax pamastrawberry nekupfapfaidza mashizha. Takatanga tapa MiZax pahuwandu hwe10 µM kuti tiongorore mashandiro ayo pakukura kwemastrawberry (Mutambo weCultivar). Zvinofadza kuti, takaona kuti MiZax3 yakawedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwemastolon, izvo zvinoenderana nekuwedzera kwemashizha, nepo MiZax5 yakavandudza mwero wemaruva, biomass yezvirimwa, uye nzvimbo yemashizha pasi pemamiriro egreenhouse (Mufananidzo Wekuwedzera S4), zvichiratidza kuti mishonga iyi miviri inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehupenyu. Zviitiko 26,27. Kuti tinzwisise zvakanyanya mhedzisiro yavo pamastrawberry pasi pemamiriro ekurima chaiwo, takaita miedzo yemumunda tichishandisa 5 ne10 μM MiZax kuzvirimwa zvestrawberry (cv. Sweet Charlie) zvakarimwa muvhu rine jecha shoma muna 2021 (mufananidzo S5A). Zvichienzaniswa neGC, hatina kuona kuwedzera kwebiomass yezvirimwa, asi takawana mafambiro ekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemichero (Mufananidzo C6A-B). Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweMiZax kwakakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwehuremu hwemuchero mumwe chete uye kwakaratidza kuti huwandu hwemichero hunotsamira pahuwandu hwemichero (Supplementary Figure S5B; Supplementary Figure S6B), zvichiratidza kuti mishonga iyi inodzora kukura kwezvirimwa ine simba pamhando yemichero yestrawberry kana ikashandiswa mumamiriro ekunze egwenga.
Kuti tinzwisise kana mhedzisiro yekukura ichienderana nerudzi rwembeu, takasarudza mhando mbiri dzemastrawberry ekutengesa muSaudi Arabia (Sweet Charlie neMutambo) uye takaita zvidzidzo zviviri mumunda muna 2022 tichishandisa huwandu hwakaderera hweMiZax (2.5 ne5 µM). Kune Sweet Charlie, kunyangwe huwandu hwemichero yese husina kuwedzera zvakanyanya, michero yakawanda yaive yakakwira kune zvirimwa zvakarapwa neMiZax, uye huwandu hwemichero pamunda hwakawedzera mushure mekurapwa neMiZax3 (Mufananidzo 4). Ruzivo urwu runoratidza zvakare kuti mabasa eMiZax3 neMiZax5 anogona kusiyana. Pamusoro pezvo, mushure mekurapwa neMyzax, takaona kuwedzera kwehuremu hutsva uye hwakaoma hwezvirimwa, pamwe nehurefu hwemabukira ezvirimwa. Nezvehuwandu hwemastolons nezvirimwa zvitsva, takawana kuwedzera pa5 μM MiZax (Mufananidzo 4), zvichiratidza kuti kubatana kwakanaka kweMiZax kunoenderana nemhando yezvirimwa.
Mhedzisiro yeMiZax pachimiro chezvirimwa uye goho restrawberry (rudzi rweSweet Charlie) kubva kuminda yeKAU, yakaitwa muna 2022. Data rinomiririra avhareji ± kutsauka kwakajairwa. n ≥ 15, asi huwandu hwemichero pamunda hwakaverengerwa paavhareji kubva pazvirimwa gumi nezvishanu kubva kumapurati matatu (n = 3). Kuongororwa kwenhamba kwakaitwa uchishandisa ongororo yeumwe-nzira yekuchinja (ANOVA) uye bvunzo yeTukey's post hoc kana bvunzo yeT Student's t ine tailed two-tailed. Manyeredzi anoratidza mutsauko wakakosha wehuwandu kana tichienzanisa nesimulation (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kwete kukosha). HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Takaonawo chiitiko chakafanana chekukuchidzira kukura maererano nehuremu hwemichero uye biomass yezvirimwa mumastrawberry emhando yeMutambo (Mufananidzo 5), zvisinei, hatina kuwana mutsauko wakakura muhuwandu hwemichero pachirimwa chimwe nechimwe kana pamunda (Mufananidzo 5); . Zvinofadza kuti, kushandiswa kweMiZax kwakawedzera hurefu hwezvirimwa nehuwandu hwestolons, zvichiratidza kuti izvi zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kukura kwezvirimwa zvemichero (Mufananidzo 5). Pamusoro pezvo, takayera maparamita akati wandei ebiochemical kuti tinzwisise mhando yemichero yezvirimwa zviviri zvakatorwa mumunda, asi hatina kuwana mutsauko pakati pemishonga yese (Mufananidzo S7; Mufananidzo S8).
Mhedzisiro yeMiZax pachimiro chezvirimwa uye goho restrawberry mumunda weKAU (Mutambo), 2022. Data iri pakati ± kutsauka kwakajairwa. n ≥ 15, asi huwandu hwemichero pamunda hwakaverengerwa paavhareji kubva pazvirimwa gumi nezvishanu kubva pamunda mitatu (n = 3). Kuongororwa kwenhamba kwakaitwa uchishandisa ongororo yeumwe-nzira yekuchinja (ANOVA) uye bvunzo yaTukey yepost hoc kana bvunzo yeT Student's t ine tailed two-tailed. Nyeredzi dzinoratidza mutsauko wakakosha wehuwandu kana tichienzanisa nesimulation (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kwete kukosha). HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Muzvidzidzo zvedu pamusoro pemastrawberry, mabasa eMiZax3 neMiZax5 ehupenyu akachinja. Takatanga taongorora mhedzisiro yekurapa (T) negore (Y) pamhando imwe chete (Sweet Charlie) tichishandisa nzira mbiri dzeANOVA kuti tione kudyidzana kwadzo (T x Y). Saka, GA haina kukanganisa mhando yemastrawberry (Sweet Charlie), nepo 5 μM MiZax3 neMiZax5 zvakawedzera zvakanyanya biomass yezvirimwa nemichero (Mufananidzo 6), zvichiratidza kuti kudyidzana kweMiZax mbiri idzi kwakafanana zvikuru mukusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemastrawberry.
Ongorora mhedzisiro yekurapwa kwe5 µM (T), gore (Y) uye kudyidzana kwavo (T x Y) pamastrawberry (cv. Sweet Charlie). Data rinomiririra avhareji ± standard deviation. n ≥ 30. Kuongororwa kwestatistike kwakaitwa uchishandisa two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Asterisks dzinoratidza mutsauko wakakosha westatistike zvichienzaniswa nesimulation (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kwete kukosha). HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Pamusoro pezvo, tichifunga kuti basa reMiZax pamhando mbiri idzi rakanga rakasiyana zvishoma (Mufananidzo 4; Mufananidzo 5), takaita nzira mbiri dzeANOVA tichienzanisa kurapwa (T) nemhando mbiri idzi (C). Chekutanga, hapana kurapwa kwakakanganisa huwandu hwemichero pamunda (Mufananidzo 7), zvichiratidza kusawirirana kwakakosha pakati pe (T x C) uye zvichiratidza kuti MiZax kana HA hazvibatsiri pahuwandu hwemichero yese. Kusiyana neizvi, MiZax (asi kwete HA) yakawedzera zvakanyanya huremu hwezvirimwa, huremu hwemichero, stolons nemiti mitsva (Mufananidzo 7), zvichiratidza kuti MiZax3 neMiZax5 zvinokurudzira zvikuru kukura kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa zvestrawberry. Zvichibva panzira mbiri dzeANOVA (T x Y) ne (T x C), tinogona kugumisa kuti mabasa ekukurudzira kukura kweMiZax3 neMiZax5 pasi pemamiriro emunda akafanana zvikuru uye akafanana.
Kuongororwa kwekurapwa kwestrawberry ne 5 µM (T), mhando mbiri (C) uye kudyidzana kwadzo (T x C). Data rinomiririra avhareji ± standard deviation. n ≥ 30, asi huwandu hwemichero pamunda hwakaverengerwa paavhareji kubva pazvirimwa gumi nezvishanu kubva pamunda mitatu (n = 6). Kuongororwa kwenhamba kwakaitwa uchishandisa two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Asterisks inoratidza mutsauko wakakosha wehuwandu kana tichienzanisa nesimulation (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, kwete kukosha). HA - humic acid; MZ3, MiZax3, MiZax5;
Pakupedzisira, takashandisa kuongorora kwechikamu chikuru (PCA) kuti tiongorore mhedzisiro yemakomichi akashandiswa pamatatisi (T x Y) nemastrawberry (T x C). Nhamba idzi dzinoratidza kuti kurapwa kweHA kwakafanana neacetone mumatatisi kana mumvura mumastrawberry (Mufananidzo 8), zvichiratidza mhedzisiro diki yakanaka pakukura kwezvirimwa. Zvinofadza kuti mhedzisiro yese yeMiZax3 neMiZax5 yakaratidza kupararira kwakafanana mumatatisi (Mufananidzo 8A), nepo kupararira kwemakomichi maviri aya mustrawberry kwaive kwakasiyana (Mufananidzo 8B). Kunyangwe MiZax3 neMiZax5 zvakaratidza kupararira kwakanaka mukukura kwezvirimwa uye goho, ongororo yePCA yakaratidza kuti basa rekutonga kukura rinogonawo kutsamira pamhando dzezvirimwa.
Kuongororwa kwezvikamu zvikuru (PCA) zve (A) mbatatisi (T x Y) uye (B) mastrawberry (T x C). Mapoka emapoka ese ari maviri. Mutsetse unobatanidza chikamu chimwe nechimwe unotungamira pakati peboka.
Muchidimbu, zvichibva pazvidzidzo zvedu zvishanu zvakazvimirira mumunda pazvirimwa zviviri zvinokosha uye zvinoenderana nemishumo yedu yapfuura kubva muna 2020 kusvika 202226,27, MiZax3 neMiZax5 vanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa vanogona kuvandudza kukura kwezvirimwa. , kusanganisira zviyo, zvirimwa zvine miti (miti yemichindwe) nezvirimwa zvemichero yekurima26,27. Kunyangwe mashandiro emamorekuru anopfuura mabasa avo ehupenyu achiri nyore kuwana, ane mukana mukuru wekushandiswa mumunda. Zvakanakisa pane zvese, zvichienzaniswa ne humic acid, MiZax inoiswa muhuwandu hudiki (micromolar kana milligram level) uye mhedzisiro yakanaka inoonekwa zvakanyanya. Saka, tinofungidzira chiyero cheMiZax3 pakushandisa (kubva pakaderera kusvika pahuwandu hwakawanda): 3, 6 kana 12 g/ha, uye chiyero cheMiZx5: 4, 7 kana 13 g/ha, zvichiita kuti maPGR aya abatsire pakuvandudza goho rezvirimwa. Zvinogoneka.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-29-2024