Kugoverwa kwepurofiti yeindasitiri yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene "smile curve": gadziriro 50%, yepakati 20%, yepakutanga mishonga 15%, masevhisi 15%

Indasitiri yeketani yezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira kwemiti inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvina: "raw materials - intermediates - yepakutanga mishonga - kugadzirira".Kumusoro kune petroleum/makemikari indasitiri, inopa mbishi zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira chirimwa, kunyanya inorganic kemikari mbishi zvinhu zvakaita seyero phosphorus uye liquid chlorine, uye basic organic chemical raw zvinhu zvakaita semethanol uye “tribenzene”.

Indasitiri yepakati pemvura inonyanya kusanganisira yepakati uye inoshanda zvinodhaka.Pakati ndiyo nheyo yekugadzirwa kwemishonga inoshanda, uye mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa inoda zvakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira, iyo inogona kugoverwa kuva fluorine-containing intermediates, cyano-containing intermediates, uye heterocyclic intermediates.Mushonga wekutanga ndiwo chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvinoshanda uye tsvina inowanikwa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene.Zvinoenderana nechinhu chekudzora, inogona kukamurwa kuita herbicides, zvipembenene, fungicides uye zvichingodaro.

Maindasitiri epasi anonyanya kuvhara zvigadzirwa zvemishonga.Nekuda kwekusanyungudika mumvura uye nehupamhi hwezvinhu zvinoshanda, huwandu hwakawanda hwemishonga inoshanda haigone kushandiswa zvakananga, inoda kuwedzera madhipatimendi akakodzera (akadai sesolvents, emulsifiers, dispersants, nezvimwewo) inogadziriswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzeyero, inoshandiswa. mukurima, masango, kupfuya mhuka, utano nezvimwe.

01Mamiriro ekusimudzira emushonga wepakati musika muChina

Mushonga wezvipembeneneindasitiri yepakati iri pakati peiyo indasitiri yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, makambani emarudzi akawanda anodzora kumberi-yekupedzisira kutsvagisa mushonga wezvipembenene nekusimudzira uye nzira dzekutengesa dzegadziriro dzekupedzisira, vazhinji vevapakati uye vanoshanda vanoshanda vanosarudza kutenga kubva kuChina, India nedzimwe nyika, China. neIndia dzave nzvimbo huru dzekugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene uye vamiririri vanoshanda munyika.

Kubuda kwemishonga yezvipembenene muChina kwakachengetedza kukura kwakaderera, neavhareji yekukura kwepagore ye1.4% kubva 2014 kusvika 2023. Mabhizinesi ekuChina epakati pemishonga yezvipembenene anokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemutemo, uye huwandu hwese hwekushandisa huwandu hwakaderera.Mishonga yepakati inogadzirwa muChina inogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neindasitiri yemishonga yezvipembenene, asi vamwe vepakati vachiri kuda kutengwa kunze kwenyika.Mamwe acho anogadzirwa muChina, asi huwandu kana mhando haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira;Chimwe chikamu cheChina hachisati chave kukwanisa kugadzira.

Kubva 2017, kudiwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene muChina kwadzikira zvakanyanya, uye kuderera kwehukuru hwemusika kwakaderera pane kuderera kwekuda.Kunyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezero-kukura kwekuita kwemishonga yezvipembenene nefetereza, huwandu hwekushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye kugadzirwa kwemishonga isina kubikwa muChina hwakadzikiswa zvakanyanya, uye kudiwa kwepakati pemishonga yezvipembenene kwakaderedzwawo zvakanyanya.Panguva imwecheteyo, yakakanganiswa nezvirambidzo zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, mutengo wemusika wevazhinji vanouraya zvipembenene wakakwira nekukurumidza muna 2017, zvichiita kuti saizi yemusika weindasitiri igare yakagadzikana, uye mutengo wemusika wakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kubva muna 2018 kusvika 2019 sezvo kupihwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwakadzokera kune zvakajairika.Zvinoenderana nenhamba, kubva muna 2022, saizi yepakati yemusika wemishonga yezvipembenene yeChina ingangoita 68.78 bhiriyoni yuan, uye avhareji mutengo wemusika ungangoita zviuru gumi nenomwe nemazana mashanu emadhora / toni.

02Kuvandudza mamiriro emusika wekugadzirira mishonga muChina

Kugovaniswa kwepurofiti yeindasitiri yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kunopa maitiro e "smile curve": gadziriro account ye50%, yepakati 20%, yepakutanga mishonga 15%, masevhisi 15%, uye materminal gadziriro yekutengesa ndiyo musimboti wepurofiti link, inobata chinzvimbo chakakwana kugoverwa kwepurofiti yeindasitiri yemishonga yezvipembenene.Kuenzaniswa nekugadzirwa kwemushonga wepakutanga, uyo unosimbisa tekinoroji yekugadzira uye kudzora mutengo, gadziriro iri padyo nemusika wekupedzisira, uye kugona kwebhizinesi kwakawedzera.

Pamusoro pekutsvagisa tekinoroji nekusimudzira, munda wegadziriro unosimbisawo nzira uye chivakwa chemhando, mushure mekutengesa sevhisi, uye mamwe makwikwi akasiyana siyana uye yakawedzera kukosha.Nekuda kwekuitwa kwezero-kukura kwekuita kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye fetiraiza, kudiwa kwegadziriro yemishonga yezvipembenene muChina kwaramba kuchidzikira, izvo zvakanganisa zvakananga kukura kwemusika uye kukurumidza kwekusimudzira kweindasitiri.Parizvino, kuderera kwekuda kweChina kwakonzera dambudziko rakakura rekushomeka, izvo zvawedzera kukwikwidza kwemusika uye kukanganisa pundutso yemabhizinesi nekusimudzira indasitiri.

Huwandu hwekuChina hunotengeswa kunze kwenyika uye huwandu hwekugadzirira kwemishonga yezvipembenene hwakakwira zvakanyanya pane zvinotengwa kunze kwenyika, zvichiita kuti pave nekutengesa kwasara.Kubva 2020 kusvika 2022, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yeChina kuchagadzirisa, kuchinjika uye nekunatsiridza mukukwira nekudzika.Muna 2023, huwandu hwekugadzirira kwemishonga yezvipembenene muChina hwaive 974 miriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, kuwedzera kwe1.94% panguva imwe cheteyo gore rapfuura, uye nyika dzakanyanya kupinza nyika dzaive Indonesia, Japan neGermany.Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakasvika kumadhora 8.087 bhiriyoni, zvichidzika ne27.21% gore negore, nenzvimbo huru dzekutumira kunze dziri Brazil (18.3%), Australia neUnited States.70% -80% yekugadzirwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene yeChina inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, iyo iri mumusika wepasi rose inofanirwa kugayiwa, uye mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvezvipembenene zvakadzikira zvakanyanya, ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekudzikira kwehuwandu hwekugadzirira kwemishonga yezvipembenene kunze kwenyika. 2023.