Chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti fungus inonzi *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 yakabviswa mumidzi yemupunga inosimudzira kukura kwemiti, ichikurudzira kukura kwemupunga uye inouraya zvipembenene, ichidzora kuputika kwemupunga kunokonzerwa ne *Pyricularia oryzae*. Kuedza kwakaitwa muzvimbuzi pamashizha matsva emupunga wejasmine wemhando yeKhao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105). Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti NP19 yakadzivirira kumera kwe *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia. *Pyricularia oryzae* hutachiona hwakadzivirirwa pasi pemamiriro matatu akasiyana ekurapa: chekutanga, mupunga wakaiswa muNP19 uye wakabayiwa ne *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia; chechipiri, musanganiswa weNP19 ne *Pyricularia oryzae* conidia wakaiswa pamashizha;
Utachiona hwerhizosphere *Kosakonia oryziphila* NP1914yakabviswa mumidzi yemupunga (*Oryza sativa* L. cv. RD6). *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 ine hunhu hunokurudzira kukura kwemiti, kusanganisira nitrogen fixation, indoleacetic acid (IAA), uye phosphate solubilization. Zvinofadza kuti, *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 inogadzira chitinase14.Kushandiswa kwe *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 kumbeu dzemupunga dzeKDML105 kwakavandudza kupona kwemupunga mushure mekubatwa nechirwere che *rice blast. Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi ndecheku (i) kutsanangura mashandiro e *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 pakurwisa rice blast uye (ii) kuferefeta mashandiro e *Kosakonia oryphila* NP19 mukudzivirira rice blast.
Zvinovaka muviri zvinoita basa guru mukukura nekukura kwezvirimwa, zvichishanda sezvinhu zvinodzora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutachiona. Kudya kwemuriwo kunoratidza kuti zvirimwa hazvipindi zvirwere, hunhu hwemuviri kana kuti hwemuviri, uye kupararira kwazvo, kana kugona kurarama nezvirwere. Phosphorus inogona kunonoka kukura kwayo uye kuderedza kuoma kwekuputika kwemupunga nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemakemikari ephenolic. Potassium inowanzo deredza kuwanda kwezvirwere zvakawanda zvemupunga, zvakaita sekuputika kwemupunga, nzvimbo yebhakitiriya yemashizha, nzvimbo yemashizha, kuora kwemuti, uye nzvimbo yemashizha. Ongororo yakaitwa naPerrenoud yakaratidza kuti fertilizer ine potassium yakawanda inogonawo kuderedza kuwanda kwezvirwere zvefungus zvemupunga uye kuwedzera goho. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti fertilizer yesulfur inogona kuvandudza kusimba kwezvirimwa kuzvirwere zvefungus.27Magnesium yakawandisa (chikamu che chlorophyll) inogona kukonzera kuputika kwemupunga.21Zinc inogona kuuraya utachiona zvakananga, nokudaro ichideredza kuoma kwechirwere.22Kuedzwa kwemumunda kwakaratidza kuti kunyangwe huwandu hwephosphorus, potassium, sarufa, uye zinc muvhu remumunda hwaive hwakakwira kupfuura hwakaitwa muhari, kuputika kwemupunga kwakaramba kuchipararira kuburikidza nemashizha emupunga. Zvinovaka muviri muvhu zvinogona kunge zvisingabatsiri zvakanyanya mukudzora kuputika kwemupunga, sezvo hunyoro netembiricha zvisina kunaka pakupararira kwakasimba kwehutachiona.
Mumiedzo yemumunda, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, P. dispersa, Xanthomonas sacchari, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia diffusa, Burkholderia vietnamiensis uye C. gleum zvakaonekwa mukurapa kwese. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia yakabviswa kubva mu rhizosphere yegorosi, oats, cucumber, chibage, nembatatisi uye yakaratidza kudzora muviri.chiitikokurwisa Colletotrichum nymphaeae.28 Uyezve, P. dispersa yakataurwa kuti inoshanda pakurwisa blackkuora kwembatatisi.29 Uyezve, mhando yeR1 yeXanthomonas sacchari yakaratidza kushanda kwakasimba mukurwisa rice blast uye panicle rot inokonzerwa neBurkholderia.glumae.30Burkholderia oryzae NP19 inogona kuumba hukama hwekubatana nenyama yemupunga panguva yekumera uye inova fungus inobatana kune mamwe marudzi emupunga. Kunyange hazvo mamwe mabhakitiriya emuvhu achigona kugara mupunga mushure mekuisirwa, fungus yeblast NP19, kana yangoiswa muhuswa, inokanganisa zvinhu zvakawanda mukudzivirira kwemupunga kubva kuchirwere ichi. NP19 haingodziviriri kukura kweP. oryzae neanopfuura 50% (ona Supplementary Table S1 mu online appendix), asi inoderedzawo huwandu hwemaronda ekuputika pamashizha uye inowedzera goho remupunga wakabayiwa kana wakaiswa muhuswa neNP19 (RBf, RFf-B, uye RBFf-B) mumiedzo yemumunda (Mufananidzo S3).
Howa inonzi Pyricularia oryzae, iyo inokonzera kuputika kwezvirimwa, ihowa rinogara richikura rinoda zvinovaka muviri kubva kumiti panguva yehutachiona. Zvirimwa zvinogadzira reactive oxygen species (ROS) kuti zvidzivirire hutachiona hwefungus; zvisinei, Pyricularia oryzae inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kurwisa ROS inogadzirwa nemiti.31Zvinoita sekuti maperoxidases ane basa guru mukudzivirira utachiona, kusanganisira kubatanidza mapuroteni emadziro emasero, kukora kwemadziro exylem, kugadzirwa kweROS, uye kuderedza hydrogen peroxide.32Maenzymes eAntioxidant anogona kushanda senzira chaiyo yekubvisa ROS. Kuburikidza nemaitiro avo eantioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) uye peroxidase (POD) zvinobatsira kutanga mhinduro dzekudzivirira, SOD ichishanda senzira yekutanga yekudzivirira.33Mupunga, kushanda kweperoxidase yezvirimwa kunokonzerwa mushure mekutapukirwa nehutachiona hwezvirimwa hwakadai se *Pyricularia oryzae* uye *Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae*.32Muchidzidzo ichi, kushanda kweperoxidase kwakawedzera mupunga wakatorwa uye/kana kubaiwa ne *Magnaporthe oryzae* NP19; zvisinei, *Magnaporthe oryzae* haina kukanganisa kushanda kweperoxidase. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), seH₂O₂ synthase, inokonzeresa kudzikiswa kweO₂⁻ kuenda kuH₂O₂. SOD inoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira zvirimwa kumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana nekuenzanisa huwandu hweH₂O₂ mukati mechirimwa, nokudaro ichisimudzira kushivirira kwezvirimwa kumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana³⁴. Muchidzidzo ichi, mukuyedza kwehari, mazuva makumi matatu mushure mekubaiwa ne *Magnaporthe oryzae* (30 DAT), mabasa eSOD mumapoka eRF neRBF aive 121.9% uye 104.5% akakwira kupfuura ari muboka reR, zvichiteerana, zvichiratidza mhinduro yeSOD kuhutachiona hwe *Magnaporthe oryzae*. Muzviedzo zvemuhari nemumunda, mabasa eSOD mumupunga wakapinzwa *Magnaporthe oryzae* NP19 aive akakwira ne67.7% uye 28.8% kupfuura ari mumupunga usina kupinzwa mazuva makumi matatu mushure mekupinzwa, zvichiteerana. Mhinduro dzemakemikari emiti dzinokanganiswa nenzvimbo, kushushikana, uye rudzi rwemuti³⁵. Mabasa eenzyme inorwisa mabhakitiriya emiti anokanganiswa zvakananga nezvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinokanganisa mabasa eenzyme inorwisa mabhakitiriya emiti nekuchinja nharaunda yehutachiona hwemiti.
Chikosoro cherice blast disease (Kosakonia oryziphil NP19, NCBI accession number PP861312) chakashandiswa muongororo iyi chaive chemhando ye strawberry.13Yakabviswa pamidzi yemupunga weRD6 muNakhon Phanom Province, Thailand (16° 59′ 42.9″ N 104° 22′ 17.9″ E). Rudzi urwu rwakarimwa mumuto une zvinovaka muviri (NB) pa30°C uye 150 rpm kwemaawa gumi nemasere. Kuti paverengwe huwandu hwebhakitiriya, kunyudzwa kwebhakitiriya pa600 nm kwakayerwa. Kuwanda kwebhakitiriya kwakagadziriswa kuti10⁶CFU/mL nemvura isina tsvina yakabviswa maion (dH₂O). Rice blast fungus (Pyricularia oryzae) yakabayiwa netsvina pa potato dextrose agar (PDA) ndokuiswa pa 25°C kwemazuva manomwe. Fungus mycelium yakaendeswa kune rice bran agar medium (2% (w/v) rice bran, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, uye 2% (w/v) agar yakanyungudutswa mumvura yakabviswa ion, pH 7) ndokuiswa pa 25°C kwemazuva manomwe. Shizha rakaiswa sterilium remhando yemupunga inobatwa nehutachiona (KDML105) rakaiswa pa mycelium kuti riite conidia uye rakaiswa pa 25°C kwemazuva mashanu pasi pe UV yakabatana uye chiedza chena. Conidia yakaunganidzwa nekupukuta zvinyoro nyoro mycelium neshizha rine hutachiona pamusoro ne 10 ml ye 0.025% (v/v) Tween 20 solution yakasanganiswa. Fungus solution yakasefetwa kuburikidza nezvikamu zvisere zve cheesecloth kubvisa mycelium, agar, nemashizha emupunga. Kuwanda kweconidia mu suspension kwakagadziridzwa kuita 5 × 10⁵ conidia/ml kuti iongororwe zvakanyanya.
Marudzi matsva emasero eKosakonia oryphila NP19 akagadzirwa nekuagadzira muNB medium pa37 °C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Mushure mekutenderera (3047 × g, 10 min), ganda remasero rakaunganidzwa, rikagezwa kaviri ne10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2), uye rakaiswazve mubuffer imwechete. Kuwanda kwemasero emasero kwakayerwa pa600 nm, zvichiwana kukosha kweinenge 1.0 (yakaenzana ne1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/μl yakatsanangurwa nekuputira pamaplate e nutrient agar). Conidia yeP. oryzae yakawanikwa nekuaisa muPBS solution uye kuaverenga uchishandisa hemocytometer. Kumiswa kwe *K. oryphila* NP19 uye *P. Pakuyedza smear yemashizha, K. oryphila* conidia yakagadzirwa pamashizha emupunga matsva pahuwandu hwe1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/μL uye 5.0 × 10² conidia/μL, zvichiteerana. Nzira yekugadzira sampuro yemupunga yaive seinotevera: Mashizha emupunga akareba 5 cm akachekwa ndokuiswa mundiro dzePetri dzakaputirwa nepepa rakanyoroveswa rinonyudza. Mapoka mashanu ekurapa akagadzwa: (i) R: mashizha emupunga asina kubaiwa mabhakitiriya senzira yekudzora, akawedzerwa ne 0.025% (v/v) Pakati pe20 solution; (ii) RB + F: mupunga wakabayiwa ne K. oryphila NP19, wakawedzerwa ne 2 μL ye conidia suspension yefungus inokonzera rice blast; (iii) R + BF: Mupunga uri muboka R wakawedzerwa ne 4 μl yemusanganiswa we blast fungal conidia suspension uye K. oryphila NP19 (volume ratio 1:1); (iv) R + F: Mupunga uri muboka R wakawedzeredzwa ne2 μl yeblast fungal conidia suspension; (v) RF + B: Mupunga uri muboka R wakawedzeredzwa ne2 μl yeblast fungal conidia suspension wakachengeterwa kwemaawa makumi matatu, uye ipapo 2 μl yeK. oryphila NP19 yakawedzerwa panzvimbo imwe chete. Madhishi ese ePetri akachengeterwa pa25°C murima kwemaawa makumi matatu ndokuzoiswa pasi pechiedza chinoenderera mberi. Boka rega rega rakaumbwa katatu. Mushure memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri ekumera, matishu emiti akacherechedzwa uye akaongororwa ne scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Muchidimbu, matishu emiti akaiswa mu phosphate buffer ine 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde uye akaomeswa nemvura kuburikidza nemhinduro dze ethanol. Mushure mekuomeswa ne carbon dioxide, sampuro dzakaputirwa negoridhe uye pakupedzisira dzakaongororwa uchishandisa scanning electron microscope.15
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-15-2025