Vanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa (PGRs)inzira isingadhuri yekuwedzera dziviriro yezvirimwa mumamiriro ekumanikidzwa. Chidzidzo ichi chakaongorora kugona kwevaviriMaPGR, thiourea (TU) uye arginine (Arg), kuderedza kushushikana kwemunyu mugorosi. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti TU neArg, kunyanya kana zvikashandiswa pamwe chete, zvinogona kudzora kukura kwezvirimwa pasi pekushushikana kwemunyu. Kurapa kwavo kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mashandiro ema enzymes e antioxidant ukuwo kuchideredza huwandu hwe reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), uye relative electrolyte leakage (REL) mumbeu dzegorosi. Pamusoro pezvo, kurapwa uku kwakadzikisa zvakanyanya kuwanda kweNa+ neCa2+ uye Na+/K+ ratio, ukuwo kuchikwidza zvakanyanya kuwanda kweK+, nokudaro kuchichengetedza ion-osmotic balance. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti TU neArg zvakawedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwechlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, uye gas exchange rate yembeu dzegorosi pasi pekushushikana kwemunyu. TU neArg zvinoshandiswa zvega kana zvakabatana zvinogona kuwedzera kuunganidzwa kwedry matter ne9.03–47.45%, uye kuwedzera kwacho kwakanyanya pazvakashandiswa pamwe chete. Mukupedzisa, chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti kuchengetedza redox homeostasis uye ion balance kwakakosha pakusimudzira kushivirira kwezvirimwa kushushikana kwemunyu. Pamusoro pezvo, TU neArg dzakakurudzirwa sedzinogonavanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa,kunyanya kana zvikashandiswa pamwe chete, kuwedzera goho regorosi.
Kuchinja nekukurumidza kwemamiriro ekunze uye kurima kuri kuwedzera kushatiswa kwenzvimbo dzekurima1. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakomba ndechekuwedzera kwemunyu panyika, izvo zvinotyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu pasi rose2. Kuwedzera kwemunyu panyika parizvino kunokanganisa inenge 20% yevhu rinorimwa pasi rese, uye nhamba iyi inogona kuwedzera kusvika 50% panosvika 20503. Kushushikana kwemunyu-alkali kunogona kukonzera kushushikana kwe osmotic mumidzi yezvirimwa, izvo zvinokanganisa ionic balance muchirimwa4. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akaipa anogonawo kutungamira mukuputsika kwechlorophyll nekukurumidza, kudzikira kwehuwandu hwe photosynthesis, uye kusagadzikana kwe metabolic, zvichizoguma nekudzikira kwegoho rezvirimwa5,6. Uyezve, mhedzisiro yakakomba yakajairika ndeyekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwe reactive oxygen species (ROS), iyo inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwe oxidative kune akasiyana-siyana biomolecules, kusanganisira DNA, mapuroteni, uye lipids7.
Gorosi (Triticum aestivum) ndeimwe yezvirimwa zvezviyo zvakakosha pasi rose. Harisi iro goho rezviyo rinorimwa zvakanyanya asiwo igoho rekutengeserana rinokosha8. Zvisinei, gorosi rinonzwa munyu, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kukura kwaro, kukanganisa maitiro aro emuviri uye emakemikari, uye kuderedza goho raro zvakanyanya. Nzira huru dzekuderedza migumisiro yekushushikana kwemunyu dzinosanganisira kugadziriswa kwemajini uye kushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa. Zvisikwa zvakagadziriswa majini (GM) kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa majini nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira mhando dzegorosi dzinoshivirira munyu9,10. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvinosimudzira kushivirira munyu mugorosi nekudzora mabasa emuviri uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvine chekuita nemunyu, nokudaro zvichideredza kukuvara kwekushushikana11. Zvinodzora izvi zvinowanzo gamuchirwa uye zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kupfuura nzira dze transgenic. Zvinogona kuwedzera kushivirira kwezvirimwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodzvinyirira zvisina biotic zvakaita semunyu, kusanaya kwemvura uye simbi dzinorema, uye kukurudzira kumera kwembeu, kutora zvinovaka muviri uye kukura kwekubereka, nokudaro zvichiwedzera goho rezvirimwa nemhando. 12 Zvinodzora kukura kwezvirimwa zvakakosha pakuona kukura kwezvirimwa uye kuchengetedza goho uye mhando nekuda kwehushamwari hwavo nezvakatipoteredza, nyore kushandisa, kushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda. 13 Zvisinei, sezvo mamodulators aya aine nzira dzakafanana dzekushanda, kushandisa imwe chete yacho kungasashanda. Kuwana musanganiswa wezvinhu zvinodzora kukura zvinogona kuvandudza kushivirira munyu mugorosi kwakakosha pakubereka gorosi mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, kuwedzera goho uye kuona kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu.
Hapana zvidzidzo zviri kuferefeta kushandiswa kwakabatana kweTU neArg. Hazvina kujeka kana musanganiswa uyu mutsva ungabatsira kukura kwegorosi pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemunyu. Nokudaro, chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuona kana zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinodzora kukura zvichigona kubatsira kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa yekumanikidzwa kwemunyu pagorosi. Kuti tiite izvi, takaita kuyedza kwembeu dzegorosi dzehydroponic kwenguva pfupi kuti tiongorore mabhenefiti ekushandiswa kwakabatana kweTU neArg pagorosi pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemunyu, tichitarisa pa redox ne ionic balance yezvirimwa. Takafungidzira kuti musanganiswa weTU neArg unogona kushanda pamwe chete kuderedza kukuvara kwe oxidative kunokonzerwa nemunyu uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwe ionic, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kushivirira munyu mugorosi.
Huremu hweMDA mumasampuli hwakaongororwa nenzira ye thiobarbituric acid. Yera 0.1 g yeupfu hutsva hwemuenzaniso nemazvo, bvisa ne 1 ml ye 10% trichloroacetic acid kwemaminitsi gumi, centrifuge pa 10,000 g kwemaminitsi makumi maviri, wobva waunganidza supernatant. Extract yacho yakasanganiswa nehuwandu hwakaenzana hwe 0.75% thiobarbituric acid ndokuiswa pa 100 °C kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Mushure mekuiswa, supernatant yakaunganidzwa ne centrifugation, uye OD values pa 450 nm, 532 nm, uye 600 nm dzakayerwa. Huremu hweMDA hwakaverengerwa seizvi:
Kufanana nekurapa kwemazuva matatu, kushandiswa kweArg naTu kwakawedzerawo zvakanyanya mabasa eenzayimu dzinorwisa mabhakitiriya embeu dzegorosi pasi pekurapwa kwemazuva matanhatu. Kusanganiswa kweTU naArg kwakaramba kuri kushanda zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, pamazuva matanhatu mushure mekurapwa, mabasa emaenzayimu mana anorwisa mabhakitiriya pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekurapwa akaratidza kudzikira kwemaitiro zvichienzaniswa nemazuva matatu mushure mekurapwa (Mufananidzo 6).
Photosynthesis ndiyo hwaro hwekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma mumiti uye inoitika muma chloroplasts, ayo anonyanya kunzwa munyu. Kushushikana kwemunyu kunogona kukonzera oxidation yeplasma membrane, kukanganisa cellular osmotic balance, kukuvara kwe chloroplast ultrastructure36, kukonzera kuora kwe chlorophyll, kuderedza mashandiro ema enzymes eCalvin cycle (kusanganisira Rubisco), uye kuderedza kutamiswa kwema electron kubva kuPS II kuenda kuPS I37. Pamusoro pezvo, kushushikana kwemunyu kunogona kukonzera kuvharika kwestomatal, nokudaro zvichideredza kuwanda kwe CO2 pamashizha uye kudzivirira photosynthesis38. Zvatakawana zvakasimbisa zvakawanikwa kare zvekuti kushushikana kwemunyu kunoderedza kufamba kwestomatal mugorosi, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwe transpiration yemashizha uye kuwanda kwe CO2 mukati memasero, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvaita kuti photosynthesis iderere uye kudzikira kwe biomass yegorosi (Mifananidzo 1 ne3). Zvinoshamisa kuti, kushandiswa kweTU neArg kunogona kuwedzera kushanda kwe photosynthesis kwezvirimwa zvegorosi pasi pe salt stress. Kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwe photosynthesis kwakakosha zvikuru apo TU neArg zvakashandiswa panguva imwe chete (Mufananidzo 3). Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti TU neArg zvinodzora kuvhurwa nekuvharwa kwedumbu, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kushanda kwephotosynthesis, izvo zvinotsigirwa nezvidzidzo zvekare. Semuenzaniso, Bencarti nevamwe vakaona kuti pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemunyu, TU yakawedzera zvakanyanya kufambisa kwedumbu, mwero weCO2 assimilation, uye kushanda kwakanyanya kwePSII photochemistry muAtriplex portulacoides L.39. Kunyangwe pasina mishumo yakananga inoratidza kuti Arg inogona kudzora kuvhurwa nekuvharwa kwedumbu mumiti yakakanganiswa nekumanikidzwa kwemunyu, Silveira nevamwe vavo vakaratidza kuti Arg inogona kukurudzira kuchinjana kwegasi mumashizha kana kusina mvura22.
Muchidimbu, chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti pasinei nemaitiro avo akasiyana ekushanda uye hunhu hwefizikisi, TU neArg zvinogona kupa simba rakafanana rekudzivirira kushushikana kweNaCl mumbeu dzegorosi, kunyanya kana zvikashandiswa pamwe chete. Kushandiswa kweTU neArg kunogona kumutsa sisitimu yekudzivirira maenzyme eantioxidant yembeu dzegorosi, kuderedza huwandu hweROS, uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwe membrane lipids, nokudaro kuchengetedza photosynthesis uye Na+/K+ kuenzana mumbeu. Zvisinei, chidzidzo ichi chinewo miganhu; kunyangwe mhedzisiro yekubatana kweTU neArg yakasimbiswa uye mashandiro ayo emuviri akatsanangurwa kusvika pamwero wakati, mashandiro akaomarara emorekuru haasati ajeka. Nokudaro, kudzidza kwakawanda kwemaitiro ekubatana kweTU neArg uchishandisa transcriptomic, metabolomic nedzimwe nzira kwakakosha.
Dataseti dzakashandiswa uye/kana dzakaongororwa panguva yekudzidza kuri kuitwa dziripo kubva kumunyori anoenderana nadzo kana zvikakumbirwa zvine musoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-19-2025