Plant growth regulators (PGRs)inzira inodhura yekusimudzira dziviriro yechirimwa pasi pemamiriro ekushushikana. Ichi chidzidzo chakaongorora kugona kwevaviriPGRs, thiourea (TU) uye arginine (Arg), kuderedza kushungurudzika kwemunyu mugorosi. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti TU neArg, kunyanya kana yakashandiswa pamwe chete, inogona kudzora kukura kwechirimwa pasi pekunetseka kwemunyu. Kurapa kwavo kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mabasa eantioxidant enzymes uku ichideredza mazinga eiyo reactive oxygen marudzi (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), uye hama ye electrolyte leakage (REL) mumbeu dzegorosi. Mukuwedzera, marapirwo aya akaderera zvakanyanya kuNa + uye Ca2 + uye chiyero cheNa +/K +, asi ichiwedzera zvakanyanya K + concentration, nokudaro kuchengetedza ion-osmotic balance. Zvinotonyanya kukosha, TU neArg zvakawedzera zvakanyanya chlorophyll yemukati, mambure photosynthetic mwero, uye gasi kuchinjana kwembeu yegorosi pasi pekunetseka kwemunyu. TU neArg inoshandiswa yoga kana musanganiswa inogona kuwedzera iyo yakaoma kuunganidza ne 9.03-47.45%, uye kuwedzera kwaive kukuru pavakashandiswa pamwe chete. Mukupedzisa, chidzidzo ichi chinosimbisa kuti kuchengetedza redox homeostasis uye ion chiyero kwakakosha mukusimudzira kushivirira kwechirimwa kushushikana kwemunyu. Mukuwedzera, TU neArg vakakurudzirwa sevanokwanisazvinogadzirisa kukura kwezvirimwa,kunyanya kana zvichishandiswa pamwe chete, kuwedzera goho regorosi.
Kukurumidza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye maitiro ekurima ari kuwedzera kushatiswa kwemamiriro ekunze ekurima1. Imwe yemigumisiro yakakomba ivhu remunyu, izvo zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu pasi rose2. Salinization parizvino inokanganisa chikamu che20% chevhu rinorimwa pasi rose, uye nhamba iyi inogona kuwedzera kusvika pa50% ne20503. Salt-alkali stress inogona kukonzera osmotic stress mumidzi yezvirimwa, izvo zvinokanganisa ionic balance muchirimwa4. Mamiriro ezvinhu akashata akadaro anogonawo kukonzera kuparara kwechlorophyll nekukurumidza, kuderera kwephotosynthesis rates, uye kukanganiswa kwemetabolism, zvichizoguma nekuderedzwa kwegoho rezvirimwa5,6. Uyezve, mhedzisiro yakajairika ndeyekuwedzera chizvarwa cheiyo reactive oxygen marudzi (ROS), iyo inogona kukonzera oxidative kukuvara kune akasiyana biomolecules, kusanganisira DNA, mapuroteni, uye lipids7.
Gorosi (Triticum aestivum) chimwe chezviyo zvakakosha zvikuru pasi rose. Haisi chete chirimwa chezviyo chinorimwa zvakanyanya asi zvakare chirimwa chakakosha chekutengesa8. Zvisinei, gorosi rinonzwa nemunyu, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kukura kwayo, kukanganisa maitiro ayo ehupenyu uye biochemical, uye kuderedza zvakanyanya goho rayo. Nzira huru dzekudzikisa mhedzisiro yekushushikana kwemunyu dzinosanganisira genetic modification uye kushandiswa kwezvinomera kukura regulators. Genetically modified organisms (GM) ndiko kushandiswa kwe gene editing nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira mhando dzegorosi dzisingabvumirwe nemunyu9,10. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvigadziridzo zvekukura kwezvirimwa zvinowedzera kushivirira kwemunyu mugorosi nekugadzirisa zviitiko zvepanyama uye mazinga ezvinhu zvine chokuita nemunyu, nokudaro kuderedza kushungurudzika kwekushungurudzika11. Aya maregulator anowanzo kugamuchirwa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pane transgenic maitiro. Vanogona kuwedzera kushivirira kwechirimwa kune akasiyana abiotic kushushikana semunyu, kusanaya kwemvura uye simbi inorema, uye kukurudzira kumera kwembeu, kutora chikafu uye kukura kwekubereka, nekudaro vachiwedzera goho nemhando. 12 Mitemo yekukura kwezvirimwa yakakosha pakuita kuti zvirimwa zvikure uye kuchengetedza goho uye kunaka nekuda kweushamwari hwemhoteredzo yavo, nyore kushandisa, kudhura-kubudirira uye kuita. 13 Nekudaro, sezvo ma modulator aya aine nzira dzekuita dzakafanana, kushandisa imwe yadzo chete inogona kusashanda. Kuwana kusanganiswa kwezvigadziridzo zvekukura zvinogona kuvandudza kushivirira kwemunyu mugorosi kunokosha pakuberekesa gorosi pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, kuwedzera zvibereko uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya.
Iko hakuna zvidzidzo zvinoongorora kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kweTU neArg. Hazvina kujeka kana iyi innovative musanganiswa inogona synergistically kusimudzira gorosi kukura pasi pemunyu. Nokudaro, chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaiva chekuona kana aya maviri ekukura ekugadzirisa anogona kupindirana nekugadzirisa migumisiro yakaipa yemunyu kudzvinyirira pagorosi. Kuti izvi zviitike, takaita ongororo yenguva pfupi yembeu yegorosi yehydroponic kuti tiongorore mabhenefiti ekushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kweTU neArg kune gorosi pasi pekunetseka kwemunyu, tichitarisa pane redox uye ionic chiyero chezvirimwa. Isu takafungidzira kuti kusanganiswa kweTU neArg kunogona kushanda zvakabatana kuderedza munyu-induced oxidative kukuvara uye kugadzirisa ionic kusaenzana, nekudaro kuwedzera kushivirira kwemunyu mugorosi.
Iyo MDA yemukati yemasampuli yakatemwa neiyo thiobarbituric acid nzira. Nyatsoyera 0.1 g yeupfu mutsva, bvisa ne 1 ml ye10% trichloroacetic acid kwemaminitsi gumi, centrifuge pa10,000 g kwemaminetsi makumi maviri, uye unganidza iyo supernatant. Iyo yakatorwa yakasanganiswa nehuwandu hwakaenzana hwe 0.75% thiobarbituric acid uye yakavharwa pa 100 ° C kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Mushure mekuvharirwa, iyo supernatant yakaunganidzwa ne centrifugation, uye iyo OD tsika pa450 nm, 532 nm, uye 600 nm yakayerwa. Iyo MDA yakasungwa yakaverengerwa seizvi:
Zvakafanana nekurapa kwemazuva matatu, kushandiswa kweArg neTu zvakare kwakawedzera zvakanyanya antioxidant enzyme mabasa embeu yegorosi pasi pemazuva matanhatu ekurapa. Iko kusanganiswa kweTU neArg kwaive kuchiri kushanda zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, pamazuva e6 mushure mekurapwa, mabasa eine antioxidant enzymes pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekurapa akaratidza kuderera kwemaitiro kana achienzaniswa nemazuva matatu mushure mekurapwa (Mufananidzo 6).
Photosynthesis ndiyo hwaro hwekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma mumiti uye inoitika mumakloroplasts, ayo anonyanya kunzwa munyu. Kushushikana kwemunyu kunogona kutungamirira kuoxidation ye plasma membrane, kukanganisa kwe cellular osmotic balance, kukanganisa kwe chloroplast ultrastructure36, kukonzera chlorophyll degradation, kuderedza basa reCalvin cycle enzymes (kusanganisira Rubisco), uye kuderedza kushandiswa kweelectron kubva kuPS II kusvika kuPS I37. Pamusoro pezvo, kushushikana kwemunyu kunogona kukonzera kuvharwa kwedumbu, nokudaro kuderedza shizha CO2 concentration uye inhibiting photosynthesis38. Zvigumisiro zvedu zvakasimbisa zvakawanikwa kare kuti kushushikana kwemunyu kunoderedza stomatal conductance mugorosi, zvichiita kuti kuderera kwemashizha ekutsvaira uye intracellular CO2 concentration, iyo inoguma inotungamirira kuderera kwephotosynthetic simba uye kuderedza biomass yegorosi (Figs. 1 uye 3). Zvikuru, TU neArg application inogona kuwedzera kunaka kwephotosynthetic yezviyo zvegorosi pasi pekunetseka kwemunyu. Kuvandudzwa kwephotosynthetic kunyatsoshanda kwakakosha zvikuru apo TU neArg zvakashandiswa panguva imwe chete (Fig. 3). Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti TU neArg vanogadzirisa kuvhurwa nekuvhara kwestomatal, nekudaro kunowedzera kunaka kwephotosynthetic, iyo inotsigirwa nezvidzidzo zvekare. Somuenzaniso, Bencarti et al. vakawana kuti pasi pekunetseka kwemunyu, TU yakawedzera zvakanyanya stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwePSII photochemistry muAtriplex portulacoides L.39. Kunyangwe pasina mishumo yakananga inoratidza kuti Arg inogona kudzora stomatal kuvhurwa uye kuvhara muzvirimwa zvakafumurwa kushushikana kwemunyu, Silveira et al. yakaratidza kuti Arg inogona kukurudzira kuchinjana kwegasi mumashizha pasi pekusanaya kwemvura22.
Muchidimbu, chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti pasinei nemaitiro avo akasiyana-siyana ekuita uye physicochemical properties, TU neArg inogona kupa kuenzaniswa kwakafanana neNaCl kushungurudzika mumichero yegorosi, kunyanya kana inoshandiswa pamwe chete. Iko kushandiswa kweTU neArg kunogona kumisa iyo antioxidant enzyme kudzivirira system yegorosi mbesa, kuderedza ROS zvirimo, uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwe membrane lipids, nekudaro kuchengetedza photosynthesis uye Na +/K + chiyero mumbeu. Zvakadaro, chidzidzo ichi chinewo chinogumira; kunyangwe iyo synergistic mhedzisiro yeTU neArg yakasimbiswa uye maitiro ayo emuviri akatsanangurwa kune imwe nhanho, iyo yakanyanya kuoma ma molecular maitiro inoramba isina kujeka. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kudzidza kweiyo synergistic mechanism yeTU neArg uchishandisa transcriptomic, metabolomic nedzimwe nzira dzinodikanwa.
Iwo madhata akashandiswa uye/kana akaongororwa panguva yechidzidzo chazvino anowanikwa kubva kumunyori anowirirana pakukumbira zvine musoro.
Nguva yekutumira: May-19-2025