Maitiro ekutarisira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene achishandisa muganho anogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ne44% pasina kukanganisa kudzorwa kwezvipembenene nezvirwere kana goho rezvirimwa.

     Kutarisira zvipembenene nezvirwereZvakakosha pakurima, kudzivirira zvirimwa kubva kuzvipembenene nezvirwere zvinokuvadza. Mapurogiramu ekudzora akavakirwa pamuganhu, umo mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa chete kana huwandu hwezvipembenene nezvirwere hwapfuura mwero wakatarwa, anogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwezvirongwa izvi hakuna kujeka uye kunosiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kuti tiongorore kukanganisa kwakakura kwezvirongwa zvekudzora mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene zvakavakirwa pamuganhu pazvipembenene zvekurima zve arthropod, takaita meta-analysis yezvidzidzo 126 zvichishuma miedzo 466 muzvirimwa 34, tichienzanisa mapurogiramu akavakirwa pamuganhu neakavakirwa pakarenda.kudzora mishonga inouraya zvipembenenemapurogiramu (kureva, evhiki nevhiki kana asiri emhando dzakasiyana) uye/kana mapurani ekudzivirira asina kurapwa. Zvichienzaniswa nemapurogiramu akavakirwa pakarenda, mapurogiramu akavakirwa pamutsetse akaderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ne44% uye mari yakabatana nayo ne40% pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwekutonga zvipembenene nezvirwere kana goho rose. Mapurogiramu akavakirwa pamutsetse akawedzerawo huwandu hwezvipembenene zvinobatsira uye akawana kudzora kwakafanana kwezvirwere zvinotapukirwa nearthropod semapurogiramu akavakirwa pakarenda. Zvichienderana nehukuru uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvibatsiro izvi, rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa rwezvematongerwo enyika nerwemari runodiwa kukurudzira kushandiswa kwenzira iyi yekudzora mukurima.

Kuti tiongorore kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemitemo yekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muchikamu chekurima, takatsvaga zvidzidzo zvakakodzera zvinoongorora kushandiswa kwechikamu chekudyara zvirimwa. Tichishandisa mainjini akawanda ekutsvaga, takazopedzisira taongorora zvidzidzo zana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu kuti tione kuti mitemo yekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muchikamu chekudyara zvipembenene inokuvadza sei, kugadzirwa kwekurima, uye kuwanda kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Tinofungidzira kuti mitemo yekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muchikamu chekudyara inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene pasina kukanganisa goho rezvirimwa. Uyezve, kana tichienzanisa nemitemo yekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muchikamu chekarenda, mitemo yekushandiswa kwechikamu chekudyara inoshanda zvakanyanya mukutonga zvirwere zvinotapukira muchikamu chekudyara zvipembenene uku tichitsigira kurarama kwezvipembenene zvinobatsira.
Takaita ongororo yemabhuku kuti tione kuti mapurogiramu ekuchengetedza mishonga inouraya zvipembenene anobatsira sei mukurima. Mabhuku akaburitswa akatorwa kubva kuWeb of Science neGoogle Scholar (Mufananidzo 1). Takashandisawo nzira yakasanganiswa, tichishandisa nzira dzinoenderana kuti tivandudze kumiririrwa uye kuzara kwedatabase. Takabatanidzawo zvidzidzo zvakavakirwa paruzivo rwevaongorori rwekutsvagurudza kwakapfuura, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza data dzakakodzera, uye nzira yekutora sampling yechando (kureva, kusarudza zvinyorwa kubva kune zvakakosha). Takaongorora data rekutanga muna Chivabvu 2023 kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti rakakwana pazvinhu zvakakosha zvekurima, kusanganisira mhando yezvirimwa, mhando dzearthropod, uye nyika yekudzidza. Mipata mudatabase yakagadziriswa kuburikidza nekutsvaga mazwi akakosha kwakatevera. Kutsvaga kwese kwezvidzidzo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekubatanidzwa kwakagara kubva muna Kukadzi 2021 kusvika Chikumi 2023.
Zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa kuburikidza nekutsvaga kwedatabase nedzimwe nzvimbo, zvakaongororwa kuti zvine basa here, zvakaongororwa kuti zvakakodzera here, uye pakupedzisira zvakaderedzwa kusvika kuzvidzidzo zana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu zvakaverengerwa muongororo yekupedzisira yehuwandu.
Kune zvidzidzo zvine kutsauka kwakajairika kunozivikanwa, mafomura anotevera 1 na25 anoshandiswa kufungidzira chiyero chelog uye kutsauka kwakajairika kunoenderana.
Kune zvidzidzo zvine kutsauka kwakajairika kusingazivikanwe, mafomula anotevera 3 ne4 anoshandiswa kufungidzira chiyero chelog uye kutsauka kwakajairika kunoenderana 25.
Zvichibva pabvunzo yaGeary (1930) yemaitiro26, zvidzidzo zvine hunhu huri pasi pe3 hazvina kubviswa (zvichienderana nefomula 5 yaNakagawa et al. 2023).
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve nzira yekudzidza, ndapota ona Nature Portfolio Report Summary yakabatana nechinyorwa chino.
Zvipembenene zvine njodzi huru kuzvirimwa zvakawanda, zvichikonzera zvinopfuura²⁰% yekurasikirwa kwegoho repasi rose.²⁸Kunyange zvazvo mapurogiramu ekuchengetedza zvipembenene akavakirwa pamuganhu ari iwo musimboti wekutonga zvipembenene zvakabatana (IPM), kukanganisa kwazvo pakurima hakuna kujeka. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvakazvimiririra zvakaratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka yezvirongwa izvi, kusanganisira kudzora zvipembenene zvinobudirira, goho guru, uye mhedzisiro inobatsira isina kunanga mune dzimwe nguva (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwekukura kwezvirimwa kana kudzora zvipenyu). Tinofungidzira kuti mhedzisiro iyi yakanaka yakapararira mukurima. Mhedzisiro yekuongorora meta inotsigira zvikuru fungidziro iyi. Kunyangwe huwandu hwezvipembenene hwakanga hwakakwira zvakanyanya muzvirongwa zvepakati pemuganhu pane muzvirongwa zvepakati pemwedzi, zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene zvakaratidza kushanda kwakafanana kwekutonga kune mapurogiramu ese ekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene. Zvirongwa zvekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene zvakavakirwa pamuganhu uye pamuganhu zvakaratidzawo kudzvinyirirwa kwakafanana kwezvirwere zvezvirimwa zvinotakura arthropod. Zvirongwa zvepakati pemuganhu zvakaratidza huwandu hwakawanda hwema arthropod anobatsira zvichienzaniswa nezvirongwa zvekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene zvakajairika. Mhedzisiro iyi inogona kutsanangurwa zvishoma nekudzikira kwe44% mukushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene muzvirongwa zvepakati pemuganhu zvichienzaniswa nezvirongwa zvepakati pemwedzi. Zvisinei, kunyange nzira dzekutonga dzepakati pemuganhu nepamuganhu dzisina kuratidza mutsauko mukuru mugoho, takaona kuti nzira yepakati yakadzikisa zvishoma kunaka kwegoho. Uyezve, mhando yezvirimwa (zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienzaniswa nezvirimwa zvemazuva ose) zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwenzira yekudzora miganhu. Zvose, zvatakawana zvinotsigira maonero ekare ekuti mapurogiramu ekugadzirisa zvipembenene akavakirwa pamiganhu anogona kupa mabhenefiti makuru mukutarisira zvipembenene nezvirwere mumasisitimu ekurima.
Zviyero zvehupfumi chikamu chikuru chepfungwa yeIntegrated Pest Management (IPM), uye vaongorori vakagara vachitaura nezvemabhenefiti akanaka ekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene. Chidzidzo chedu chakaratidza kuti kudzora zvipembenene zve arthropod kwakakosha mumasisitimu mazhinji, sezvo 94% yezvidzidzo zvichiratidza kudzikira kwegoho rezvirimwa pasina kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene. Zvisinei, kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene nekuchenjera kwakakosha pakuona kuti kurima kwakasimba kwenguva refu. Takaona kuti kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene zvinobudirira kunodzora kukuvara kwe arthropod pasina kuderedza goho zvichienzaniswa nekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene pakarenda. Uyezve, kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene neanopfuura 40%.^ZvimweKuongororwa kwakakura kwemaitiro ekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muminda yekurima yeFrance uye miedzo yekudzora zvirwere zvezvirimwa kwakaratidzawo kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunogona kuderedzwa ne^40-50% pasina kukanganisa goho. Izvi zvinoratidza kudiwa kwekuramba tichigadzira nzira itsva dzekutarisira zvipembenene uye kupa zviwanikwa zvekukurudzira kushandiswa kwazvo. Sezvo kushandiswa kweminda yekurima kuri kuwedzera, kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kucharamba kuchityisidzira masisitimu echisikigo, kusanganisira anonyanya kuomera uye anobatsira.^{nzvimbo dzekugara}Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwakakura uye kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvakavakirwa pamiganho yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunogona kuderedza migumisiro iyi, nokudaro zvichivandudza kuchengetedzeka kwekurima uye hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza.
Ruzivo urwu rwunowanikwa muchinyorwa kana mufaira reruzivo rwekuwedzera, uye rwunowanikwawo pachena paaccount yemunyori weGitHub pa https://github.com/aleach379/Thresholdsreduce.