Kutarisira zvipembenene nezvirwere kwakakosha pakurima, kudzivirira zvirimwa kubva kuzvinhu zvinokuvadzazvipembenene nezvirwere. Mapurogiramu ekudzora akavakirwa pamuganhu, ayo anoshandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene chete kana huwandu hwezvipembenene nezvirwere hwapfuura mwero wakatarwa, anogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene. Zvisinei, kushanda kwezvirongwa izvi hakuna kujeka uye kunosiyana-siyana. Kuti tiongorore kukanganisa kwakakura kwezvirongwa zvekudzora zvakavakirwa pamuganhu pazvipembenene zvekurima zve arthropod, takaita meta-analysis yezvidzidzo 126, kusanganisira miedzo 466 pazvirimwa 34, tichienzanisa mapurogiramu akavakirwa pamuganhu neakavakirwa pakarenda.kudzora mishonga inouraya zvipembenenemapurogiramu uye/kana kudzora kusina kurapwa. Zvichienzaniswa nemapurogiramu akavakirwa pakarenda, mapurogiramu akavakirwa pachiyero akadzikisa kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene ne44% uye mari yakabatana nayo ne40%, pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwekudzivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere kana goho rose rezvirimwa. Mapurogiramu akavakirwa pachiyero akawedzerawo huwandu hwezvipembenene zvinobatsira uye akawana mazinga akafanana ekudzora zvirwere zvinotapukira nearthropod semapurogiramu akavakirwa pakarenda. Zvichienderana nehupamhi uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvibatsiro izvi, rutsigiro rwakawedzerwa rwezvematongerwo enyika nerwemari runodiwa kukurudzira kushandiswa kwenzira iyi yekudzora mukurima.
Zvinyorwa zvakawanikwa kuburikidza nekutsvaga kwedatabase nedzimwe nzvimbo, zvakaongororwa kuti zvine basa here, zvakaongororwa kuti zvakakodzera here, uye pakupedzisira zvakaderedzwa kusvika kuzvidzidzo zana nemakumi maviri nematanhatu, izvo zvakaverengerwa muongororo yekupedzisira yehuwandu.
Hazvisi zvese zvidzidzo zvakashuma nzira nekuchinjana; saka, takaverenga chiyero chepakati chekuchinjana kuti tifungidzire kusiyana kwerogi.chiyero.25Pazvidzidzo zvine mwero wekutsauka usingazivikanwi, takashandisa Equation 4 kufungidzira chiyero chelog uye Equation 5 kufungidzira mwero wekutsauka unoenderana. Chakanakira nzira iyi ndechekuti kunyangwe mwero wekutsauka unofungidzirwa welnRR usipo, unogona kuverengerwa mu meta-analysis nekuverenga mwero wekutsauka usiripo uchishandisa weighted mean coefficient of variation kubva muzvidzidzo zvinoshuma mwero wekutsauka.
Kune zvidzidzo zvine kutsauka kwakajairika kunozivikanwa, mafomura anotevera 1 ne2 anoshandiswa kufungidzira chiyero chelog uye kutsauka kwakajairika kunoenderana.
Kune zvidzidzo zvine kutsauka kwakajairika kusingazivikanwe, mafomula anotevera 3 ne4 anoshandiswa kufungidzira chiyero chelog uye kutsauka kwakajairika kunoenderana.
Tafura 1 inoratidza fungidziro dzemapoinzi ezviyero, zvikanganiso zvakabatana, nguva dzekuvimba, uye p-values yekuyerwa kwega kwega uye kuenzanisa. Mafunnel plots akagadzirwa kuti aone kuvapo kweasymmetry yezviyero zviri kutaurwa nezvazvo (Mufananidzo Wekuwedzera 1). Mifananidzo Yekuwedzera 2–7 inoratidza fungidziro yezviyero zviri kutaurwa nezvazvo muchidzidzo chega chega.
Mamwe mashoko nezve dhizaini yekudzidza anogona kuwanikwa muchidimbu chemushumo weNature Portfolio chakabatana kubva muchinyorwa chino.
Zvinofadza kuti, hatina kuwana mutsauko wakakura mukushanda kwekushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene pakati pezvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro nezvirimwa zvechinyakare maererano nezviyero zvakakosha zvakaita sekudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere, goho, mabhenefiti ehupfumi, uye kukanganisa zvipembenene zvinobatsira. Mhedzisiro iyi haishamisi tichifunga kuti, kubva pamaonero ehupenyu, mapurogiramu ekushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene akavakirwa pamiganhu haana kusiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemarudzi maviri aya ezvirimwa. Musiyano uripo pakati pezvirimwa zvechinyakare nezvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro unonyanya kubva pazvinhu zvehupfumi uye/kana zvemitemo, pane zvezvakatipoteredza. Musiyano uyu uripo pakati pemarudzi ezvirimwa une mukana wekukanganisa maitiro ekutarisira zvipembenene nezvirwere kupfuura mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya miganhu. Semuenzaniso, zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinowanzova nemutengo wakakwira pahekita uye nekudaro zvinoda mwero wakasimba wemhando, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira varimi kushandisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene kudzivirira nekuda kwekunetseka nezvezvipembenene nezvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki. Kusiyana neizvi, maeka makuru ezvirimwa zvechinyakare anoita kuti kutarisa zvipembenene nezvirwere kuve kwakaoma, zvichideredza kugona kwekushandisa mapurogiramu ekushandisa mishonga inouraya miganhu. Saka, masisitimu ese ari maviri anotarisana nekumanikidzwa kwakasiyana kunogona kubatsira kana kukanganisa kuiswa kwezvirongwa zvekushandisa mishonga inouraya miganhu. Sezvo zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaitwa muongororo yedu yemeta-analysis munzvimbo dzaive nemutemo wekubvisa mishonga yezvipembenene, hazvishamisi kuti takaona mwero wakadzikama wezviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa.
Ongororo yedu inoratidza kuti mapurogiramu ekutarisira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene akavakirwa pamiganhu anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye mari inoenderana nayo, asi hazvisati zvajeka kana varimi vekurima vachibatsirwa nazvo zvechokwadi. Zvidzidzo zviri muongororo yedu yemeta-analysis zvakasiyana zvakanyanya mutsananguro dzavo dzezvirongwa zve "standard" zvekutarisira mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, kubva pamaitiro emunharaunda kusvika kuzvirongwa zvekarenda zviri nyore. Nokudaro, mhedzisiro yakanaka yatinoshuma pano ingasaratidza zvizere zvakaitika kune varimi. Uyezve, kunyangwe takanyora kuchengetedza kwakakosha kwemari nekuda kwekuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, zvidzidzo zvekutanga hazvina kufunga nezvemitengo yekuongorora mumunda. Naizvozvo, mabhenefiti ehupfumi ese ezvirongwa zvekutarisira mishonga inouraya miganhu anogona kunge akaderera pane mhedzisiro yeongororo yedu. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvese zvakashuma mitengo yekuongorora mumunda zvakaratidza kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekugadzira nekuda kwekudzikira kwemitengo yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Kutarisa nguva dzose uye kuongororwa mumunda kunogona kuve kwakaoma kune varimi vakabatikana nevatungamiriri vemapurazi (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2004).
Zvikamu zvehupfumi zvine basa guru mupfungwa yekubatanidzwa kwezvipenyu (IPM), uye vaongorori vakagara vataura nezvemabhenefiti akanaka ezvirongwa zvekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene. Tsvagiridzo yedu yakaratidza kuti kudzora zvipembenene zve arthropod kwakakosha mumasisitimu mazhinji, sezvo 94% yezvidzidzo zvichiratidza kudzikira kwegoho rezvirimwa pasina kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene. Zvisinei, kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene nekuchenjera kwakakosha mukusimudzira budiriro yekurima kwenguva refu. Takaona kuti kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene kunodzora kukuvara kwe arthropod pasina kukanganisa goho rezvirimwa zvichienzaniswa nezvirongwa zvekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene zvichibva pakarenda. Uyezve, kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene zvichibva pakarenda kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene neinopfuura 40%.ZvimweKuongororwa kwakakura kwemaitiro ekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muminda yekurima yeFrance uye miedzo yekudzora zvirwere zvezvirimwa kwakaratidzawo kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunogona kuderedzwa ne40-50% pasina kukanganisa goho. Izvi zvinoratidza kudiwa kwekuvandudzwa kwezvirambidzo zvitsva zvekutarisira zvipembenene uye kupa zviwanikwa zvekukurudzira kushandiswa kwazvo. Sezvo kushandiswa kweminda yekurima kuri kuwedzera, kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kucharamba kuchityisidzira masisitimu echisikigo, kusanganisira anokuvadza zvakanyanya uye anokosha.nzvimbo dzekugaraZvisinei, kushandiswa kwakakura uye kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunogona kuderedza migumisiro iyi, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuchengetedzeka uye hushamwari hwekurima.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-04-2025