Kutarisira zvipembenene nezvirwere kwakakosha pakugadzirwa kwekurima, kudzivirira mbesa kubva kutumbuyu nezvirwere. Zvirongwa zveThreshold-based control programme, zvinoshandisa mishonga yezvipembenene chete kana kuwanda kwezvipembenene nezvirwere zvapfuura danho rakafanorongwa, zvinogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene. Nekudaro, kushanda kwezvirongwa izvi hakuna kujeka uye kunosiyana zvakanyanya. Kuti titarise mabatiro akakura ezvirongwa zvekudzora zvipembenene zvekurima, takaita ongororo yezvidzidzo zana nemakumi maviri nenhanhatu, kusanganisira miedzo 466 pazvirimwa makumi matatu neina, tichienzanisa zvirongwa zvakavakirwa pachikumbaridzo nekarenda (kureva, vhiki nevhiki kana zvisiri zvemhando-chaiyo) zvirongwa zvekudzora zvipembenene uye/kana zvisina kuuraya zvipembenene. Zvichienzaniswa nezvirongwa zvakavakirwa pakarenda, threshold-based programmes dzakaderedza kuiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene ne44% uye mitengo yakabatana ne40%, pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwekurwisa tumbuyu nezvirwere kana goho rose regoho. Zvirongwa zveThreshold-based zvakawedzerawo huwandu hwezvipembenene zvinobatsira uye vakawana mazinga akafanana ekudzora zvirwere zvinotapurwa neArthropod semapurogiramu akavakirwa pakarenda. Tichifunga nezvehupamhi uye kuenderana kwezvibatsiro izvi, kuwedzera rutsigiro rwezvematongerwo enyika uye nemari kunodiwa kukurudzira kutorwa kwemaitiro ekutonga aya mune zvekurima.
Zvinyorwa zvakaonekwa kuburikidza nedhatabhesi uye kumwe kutsvagisa kwenzvimbo, kutariswa kukosha, kuongororwa kuti inokodzera, uye pakupedzisira yakaderedzwa kusvika kuzvidzidzo zve126, izvo zvakaverengerwa muhuwandu hwekupedzisira meta-analysis.
Kwete zvidzidzo zvese zvakashumwa zvinoreva uye kusiyana; saka, takaverenga chiyero chepakati chekusiyanisa kuti tifungidzire kusiyana kwerogiratio.25Pazvidzidzo zvisina kutsauswa kusingazivikanwe, takashandisa Equation 4 kufungidzira reshiyo yelogi neEquation 5 kuti tifungidzire kutsauswa kunoenderana. Zvakanakira nzira iyi ndezvekuti kunyangwe iyo inofungidzirwa kutsauka kweiyo lnRR isipo, inogona kuramba ichiverengerwa mune meta-analysis nekuverenga kushaikwa kwetsika kutsauka uchishandisa huremu hunoreva coefficient yekusiyana kubva kuzvidzidzo izvo centrally inoshuma kutsauka kwakajairwa.
Kune zvidzidzo zvine chiyero chinozivikanwa chakatsauka, anotevera mafomula 1 ne2 anoshandiswa kufungidzira reshiyo yelogi uye inoenderana chiyero chekutsauka 25.
Kune zvidzidzo zvine kutsauswa kwakajairika kusingazivikanwe, anotevera mafomula 3 ne4 anoshandiswa kufungidzira reshiyo yelogi uye inoenderana mwero kutsauka 25.
Tafura 1 inopa fungidziro yemapoinzi ezviyero, zvakabatana zvakajairwa zvikanganiso, nguva dzekuvimba, uye p-zviyero zvechiyero chimwe nechimwe uye kuenzanisa. Zvirongwa zvefunnel zvakavakwa kuti zvione kuvepo kweasymmetry yezviyero zviri mubvunzo (Supplementary Figure 1). Supplementary Figures 2–7 inopa fungidziro yezviyero zviri mubvunzo muchidzidzo chega chega.
Rumwe ruzivo nezve dhizaini yekudzidza inogona kuwanikwa muNature Portfolio mushumo wepfupiso yakabatanidzwa kubva kuchinyorwa ichi.
Sezvineiwo, isu takawana chero misiyano yakakosha mukushanda kwekushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene pakati pehunyanzvi uye zvirimwa zvakajairika zvema metrics akakosha senge tumbuyu nezvirwere, goho, mabhenefiti ehupfumi, uye kukanganisa tumbuyu tunobatsira. Mhedzisiro iyi haishamise nekuti, kubva pakuona kwebiology, zvirongwa zvekushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene pachikumbaridzo hazvisiyane zvakanyanya pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzezvirimwa. Misiyano pakati pezvirimwa zvakajairika uye zvemhando yepamusoro zvinonyanya kubva paupfumi uye/kana zvinhu zvinodzorwa, kwete zvezvakatipoteredza. Iyi misiyano pakati pemhando dzembeu ndiyo inonyanya kukanganisa maitiro ekutarisira tumbuyu nezvirwere pane kukonzeresa kwebiological mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene. Semuyenzaniso, mbesa dzemhando yepamusoro dzinowanzova nemutengo wepamusoro pahekita imwe nekudaro zvinoda mwero wakaomarara, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira varimi kuti vashandise mishonga yezvipembenene nekudzivirira nekuda kwekunetsekana kwezvipembenene nezvirwere zvisinganyanyi kunyanyozivikanwa. Sezvineiwo, maeka makuru ezvirimwa zvakajairika anoita kuti kutariswa kwezvipembenene nezvirwere zvakanyanya kuwanda, zvichidzikamisa kugona kwekuita zvirongwa zvekushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene. Nekudaro, masisitimu ese ari maviri anotarisana nedzvinyiriro yakasarudzika iyo inogona kufambisa kana kutadzisa kuitwa kwechikumbaridzo-based zvirongwa zvekushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene. Sezvo zvingangoita zvidzidzo zvese mune yedu meta-ongororo yakaitwa munzvimbo dzaive dzabviswa zvirambidzo zvemishonga yezvipembenene, hazvishamise kuti takaona tsika dzakatsiga pamhando dzezvirimwa.
Ongororo yedu inoratidza kuti threshold-based based pesticide management zvirongwa zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene nemitengo yakabatana, asi hazvisati zvajeka kuti varimi vezvekurima vanobatsirwa nazvo here. Zvidzidzo zvakasanganisirwa mune yedu meta-analysis zvakasiyana zvakanyanya mune tsananguro yavo ye "yakajairwa" chirongwa chekutonga chezvipembenene, kubva pamaitiro edunhu kusvika kune akareruka ekarenda zvirongwa. Naizvozvo, mibairo yakanaka yatinoshuma pano inogona kusaratidza zvizere zviitiko zvevagadziri. Zvakare, kunyangwe isu takanyora kukosha kwakakosha kwekuchengetedza nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwekushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene, zvidzidzo zvekutanga kazhinji hazvina kufunga nezvemitengo yekuongorora munda. Naizvozvo, iyo yese yehupfumi mabhenefiti eiyo threshold-yakavakirwa manejimendi zvirongwa zvingave zvakaderera pane zvakabuda muongororo yedu. Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvese zvakashuma mitengo yekuongorora munda zvakaratidza kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekugadzira nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwemitengo yemishonga yezvipembenene. Kutariswa nguva nenguva uye kuongororwa kwemunda kunogona kunetsa kune vanogadzira vakabatikana uye mamaneja emapurazi (US Bureau yeLabour Statistics, 2004).
Economic thresholds inobata basa repakati mupfungwa yeIntegrated pest management (IPM), uye vaongorori vakashuma kwenguva refu mabhenefiti akanaka ezvirongwa zvekushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene. Tsvagiridzo yedu yakaratidza kuti kudzora zvipembenene zveArthropod kwakakosha mumasisitimu mazhinji, sezvo 94% yezvidzidzo inoratidza kudzikiswa kwegoho pasina kuiswa kwemishonga. Nekudaro, kushandisa zvine hungwaru kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kwakakosha mukusimudzira budiriro yezvekurima kwenguva refu. Isu takaona kuti pachikumbaridzo-chakavakirwa application inonyatso kudzora kukuvadzwa kwearthropod pasina kupa goho rezvirimwa zvichienzaniswa nekarenda-yakavakirwa pesticide zvirongwa. Zvakare, threshold-based application inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene neinopfuura 40%.Zvimweongororo dzakakura dzemashandisirwo emishonga yezvipembenene mumapurazi eFrance nemiedzo yekudzivirira zvirwere zvezvirimwa zvakaratidzawo kuti kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene kunogona kudzikiswa ne40-50% pasina kukanganisa goho. Mhedzisiro iyi inoburitsa kudiwa kwekuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwezvikumbaridzo zvitsva zvekudzora zvipembenene uye kupihwa kwezvekushandisa kukurudzira kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira. Sezvo kusimba kwekushandiswa kwevhu rekurima kunowedzera, kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene kucharamba kuchityisidzira masisitimu echisikigo, kusanganisira anotarisisa zvakanyanya uye akakoshanzvimbo dzekugara. Nekudaro, kutorwa kwakakura uye kuita kwezvirongwa zvemishonga yezvipembenene zvinogona kudzikisira zvinokanganisa izvi, nekudaro zvichiwedzera kugadzikana uye hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza pakurima.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-04-2025