Kuwedzera kurimwa kwechikafu kwakakosha kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neruzhinji rwepasi. Panyaya iyi, mishonga yezvipembenene chikamu chinokosha chekurima kwemazuva ano kune chinangwa chekuwedzera goho. Kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mukurima kwakaratidza kukonzeresa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza uye matambudziko ehutano hwevanhu. Mishonga yezvipembenene inogona bioaccumulate pamasero emunhu uye kukanganisa mabasa evanhu kuburikidza nekubata zvakananga kana kudyiwa kwechikafu chakasvibiswa, chinova chikonzero chakakosha chezvinetso zvehutano.
Iyo cytogenetic parameters yakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi yakaratidza chimiro chakafanana chinoratidza kuti omethoate ine genotoxic uye cytotoxic mhedzisiro pahanyanisi meristems. Kunyangwe pasina humbowo hwakajeka hwema genotoxic mhedzisiro yeomethoate pahanyanisi mumabhuku aripo, nhamba huru yezvidzidzo yakaongorora genotoxic mhedzisiro yeomethoate pane zvimwe zvipenyu zvebvunzo. Dolara et al. yakaratidza kuti omethoate yakakonzera kuwedzera-kunoenderana nedosi muhuwandu hwehanzvadzi chromatid kuchinjana mumalymphocytes evanhu mu vitro. Saizvozvowo, Arteaga-Gómez et al. yakaratidza kuti omethoate yakaderedza kushandiswa kwesero muHaCaT keratinocytes uye NL-20 masero evanhu bronchial, uye genotoxic kukuvara kwakaongororwa uchishandisa comet assay. Saizvozvowo, Wang et al. akacherechedza kuwedzera kwe telomere kureba uye kuwedzera kubatwa negomarara muvashandi vakafumurwa omethoate. Uyezve, mukutsigira chidzidzo chazvino, Ekong et al. yakaratidza kuti omethoate (iyo oxygen analogue yeomethoate) yakakonzera kuderera kweMI muA. cepa uye yakakonzera cell lysis, chromosome retention, chromosome fragmentation, nyukireya elongation, nyukireya, maturation chromosome nguva isati yakwana, metaphase clustering, nuclear condensation, anaphase-namirari uye anaphase inonamira. anaphase mabhiriji. Kudzikira kweMI kukosha mushure mekurapa omethoate kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwekudzikira kwesero kupatsanurwa kana kutadza kwemasero kupedzisa mitotic kutenderera. Kusiyana neizvi, kuwedzera kweMN uye chromosomal abnormalities uye kupatsanurwa kweDNA kwakaratidza kuti kudzikira kweMI values kwakabatana zvakananga nekukuvara kweDNA. Pakati pemachromosomal abnormalities akaonekwa muchidzidzo chazvino, machromosome anonamira ndiwo akanyanya kuwanda. Uku kusajairika, uko kune muchetura zvakanyanya uye kusingadzoreki, kunokonzerwa nekunamira kwemuviri kwechromosomal mapuroteni kana kukanganisa kwe nucleic acid metabolism muchitokisi. Neimwe nzira, inogona kukonzerwa nekuparara kwemapuroteni akavharira chromosomal DNA, iyo inogona kupedzisira yakonzera kufa kwesero42. Machromosome emahara anoratidza mukana weaneuploidy43. Mukuwedzera, mabhiriji echromosomal anoumbwa nekuputsika uye kusanganiswa kwekromosomes uye chromatids. Kuumbwa kwezvidimbu zvakananga kunotungamirira pakuumbwa kweMN, iyo inopindirana neyo comet assay inoguma muchidzidzo chezvino. Kusaenzana kugoverwa kwechromatin kunokonzerwa nekukundikana kwekuparadzaniswa kwechromatid munguva yekupedzisira mitotic chikamu, izvo zvinotungamirira pakuumbwa kwemakromosomes44. Iyo chaiyo nzira ye omethoate genotoxicity haina kujeka; zvisinei, se organophosphorus pesticide, inogona kupindirana nemasero emagetsi akadai senyucleobases kana kukonzera DNA kukuvadzwa nekugadzira reactive oxygen marudzi (ROS) 45. Nekudaro, organophosphorus mishonga yezvipembenene inogona kukonzera kuunganidzwa kweakanyanya reactive mahara radicals anosanganisira O2-, H2O2, uye OH-, iyo inogona kuita nemabhesi eDNA muzvisikwa, nekudaro zvichikonzera kukuvara kweDNA zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga. Aya maROS akaratidzwawo kukuvadza ma enzymes uye zvimiro zvinosanganisirwa muDNA kudzokorora uye kugadzirisa. Kusiyana neizvi, zvave zvichinzi organophosphorus mishonga yezvipembenene inopinda yakaoma metabolic process mushure mekumedzwa nevanhu, ichidyidzana nema enzymes akawanda. Vanofunga kuti kusangana uku kunoguma nekubatanidzwa kwema enzymes akasiyana-siyana uye majini anokodha ma enzymes aya mune genotoxic mhedzisiro yeomethoate40. Ding et al.46 vakashuma kuti vashandi vakafumurwa omethoate vakawedzera kureba kwetelomere, iyo yaibatanidzwa nebasa retelomerase uye genetic polymorphism. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo kushamwaridzana pakati peomethoate DNA kugadzirisa enzymes uye genetic polymorphism yakajekeswa muvanhu, mubvunzo uyu unoramba usina kugadziriswa kune zvirimwa.
Maserura ekudzivirira maitiro ekurwisa reactive oxygen marudzi (ROS) anokwidziridzwa kwete chete ne enzymatic antioxidant maitiro asiwo neasiri-enzymatic antioxidant maitiro, ayo emahara proline yakakosha isiri-enzymatic antioxidant muzvirimwa. Proline mazinga anosvika zana akakwira kupfuura akajairwa maitiro akaonekwa mumiti yakasimbiswa56. Migumisiro yechidzidzo ichi inopindirana nemigumisiro33 iyo yakashuma mazinga akakwirira eproline mumhodzi dzegorosi dzakagadzirwa neomethoate. Saizvozvowo, Srivastava naSingh57 vakacherechedzawo kuti organophosphate insecticide malathion yakawedzera mazinga eproline muhanyanisi (A. cepa) uye yakawedzerawo superoxide dismutase (SOD) uye catalase (CAT) mabasa, kuderedza kutendeseka kwe membrane uye kukonzera kukanganisa kweDNA. Proline is nonessential amino acid iyo inobatanidzwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano hwehupenyu hunosanganisira mapuroteni maitiro, mapuroteni kushanda kwekugadzirisa, kuchengetedza cellular redox homeostasis, singlet oxygen uye hydroxyl radical scavenging, osmotic balance maintenance, uye cell signaling57. Pamusoro pezvo, proline inodzivirira antioxidant enzymes, nekudaro ichichengetedza kurongeka kwesero membranes58. Kuwedzera kwemazinga eproline muhanyanisi mushure mekuratidzwa kweomethoate kunoratidza kuti muviri unoshandisa proline se superoxide dismutase (SOD) uye catalase (CAT) kudzivirira kubva kune chepfu inokonzeresa. Nekudaro, yakafanana neiyo enzymatic antioxidant system, proline yakaratidza kuti haina kukwana kuchengetedza onion mudzi tip masero kubva mukukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene.
Ongororo yemabhuku yakaratidza kuti hapana zvidzidzo pamusoro pekukuvadzwa kweanatomical yemidzi yezvirimwa inokonzerwa neomethoate insecticides. Zvisinei, migumisiro yezvidzidzo zvekare kune mamwe mishonga inouraya inopindirana nemigumisiro yechidzidzo ichi. Çavuşoğlu et al.67 vakashuma kuti thiamethoxam yakawanda-spectrum mishonga yakakonzera kukanganisa kweanatomical mumidzi yehanyanisi yakadai se cell necrosis, vascular tissue isina kujeka, cell deformation, epidermal layer, uye chimiro chisina kujairika che meristem nuclei. Tütüncü et al.68 yakaratidza kuti mishonga mitatu yakasiyana-siyana ye methiocarb insecticides yakakonzera necrosis, epidermal cell damage, uye cortical cell wall thickening mumidzi yehanyanisi. Mune imwe ongororo, Kalefetoglu Makar36 akawana kuti kushandisa avermectin mishonga yezvipembenene pamiyero ye0.025 ml/L, 0.050 ml/L uye 0.100 ml/L yakakonzera undefined conductive tishu, epidermal cell deformation uye flattened kukuvara kwenyukireya mumidzi hanyanisi. Mudzi ndiyo nzvimbo yekupinda yemakemikari anokuvadza kuti apinde muchirimwa uye zvakare ndiyo nzvimbo huru inobatwa zvakanyanya nehuturu. Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yeMDA yekudzidza kwedu, oxidative kusagadzikana inogona kutungamira kune cell membrane kukuvara. Nekune rimwe divi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti iyo midzi ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira kubva kune njodzi dzakadai69. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kukuvadzwa kunoonekwa kumidzi meristem masero kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwemaitiro ekudzivirira emaseru aya kudzivirira kutora mishonga yezvipembenene. Kuwedzera kwe epidermal uye cortical masero akacherechedzwa muchidzidzo ichi angangove chikonzero chechirimwa chinoderedza kutorwa kwemakemikari. Kuwedzera uku kunogona kukonzera kudzvanywa kwemuviri uye deformation yemasero uye nuclei. Pamusoro pezvo, 70 zvave zvichinzi zvidyarwa zvinogona kuunganidza mamwe makemikari kudzikamisa kupinda kwemishonga yezvipembenene mumaseru. Chiitiko ichi chinogona kutsanangurwa sekuchinja kunogadzirisa mumasero e-cortical uye vascular tissue cells, umo masero anowedzera masvingo emasero avo nezvinhu zvakadai se cellulose uye suberin kudzivirira omethoate kuti ipinde mumidzi.71 Uyezve, iyo nyukliya yakasvibiswa inogona kuva mugumisiro wekumanikidzika kwemuviri wemasero kana kushungurudzika kweoxidative kunokanganisa nyukliya yezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nekushandisa membrane, kana kuti inogona kuva omethoate yakakonzerwa nemembrane.
Omethoate mushonga wezvipembenene unoshanda zvakanyanya unoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Nekudaro, sezvimwe zvakawanda zve organophosphate mishonga yezvipembenene, kunetseka kunoramba kuri pamusoro pemabatiro ayo pane zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Chidzidzo ichi chine chinangwa chekuzadza gwanza reruzivo iri nekunyatsoongorora zvinokanganisa tumbuyu zveomethoate pachirimwa chinowanzoongororwa, A. cepa. MuA. cepa, kuratidzwa kweomethoate kwakaguma nekukura kwekukura, migumisiro ye genotoxic, kurasikirwa kweDNA kutendeseka, oxidative stress, uye kukuvara kwesero mumudzi meristem. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuipa kwemishonga yeomethoate pane zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa. Zvakabuda muongororo iyi zvinoratidza kudikanwa kwekuchenjerera kukuru mukushandiswa kwemushonga weomethoate, kudhaka kwakanyatsojeka, kuwedzera ruzivo pakati pevarimi, uye mitemo yakasimba. Pamusoro pezvo, mhedzisiro iyi ichapa yekutanga yakakosha yekutsvagisa mhedzisiro yemishonga yezvipembenene omethoate pamhando dzisiri dzakanangwa.
Zvidzidzo zvekuyedza uye zvidzidzo zvemumunda zvezvirimwa uye zvikamu zvadzo (onion bulbs), kusanganisira kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvechirimwa, zvakaitwa zvichiteerana nemasangano akakodzera, nyika nepasirese tsika nemirairo.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-04-2025