Kutanga na12:01 mangwanani musi wa22 Chikunguru (Nguva yekuMabvazuva), United States ichaisa mutero we25% weChikamu 301 pazvinhu zvinobva kuBrazil.
Fetereza nezvinhu zvekurima hazvibatanidzwi muchikamu chino chekuwedzera kwemitero. Rondedzero yekusunungurwa inosanganisira zvikamu zvemitero zvakaita sefetereza (Chitsauko 31), makemikari eorganic, mapurasitiki, rabha, nezvimwewo. Maumbirwo emari yenguva pfupi yezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muBrazil haazodzikire zvakananga nekuda kwechikamu ichi chemitero. Kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nezvinomera zvepakati nepakati neChina kuBrazil hakuzokanganisike zvakananga;
Kofi, nyama yemombe, simba, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuBrazil kuenda kuUnited States, hazvibhadharwiwo. Kuwedzera kwemitero uku kunofukidza pasi pe30% yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika neBrazil kuenda kuUnited States. Hunhu hweizvi hwakafanana nekumanikidzwa kwakananga kumaindasitiri chaiwo nenyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika pane zvirango zvakakwana zvekutengeserana;
Mutero weSection 301 wevashandi vanomanikidzwa (unofungidzirwa kuti uri pa12.5%) uchaziviswa musi wa24 Chikunguru. Kana wangotanga kushanda uye wabatanidzwa nemutengo uyu we25%, mutoro wese wemutero wezvinhu zveBrazil kuUnited States uchakwira kusvika pa37.5%. Zvakakosha kuramba tichitevera.
Sarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika yeBrazil muna Gumiguru pamwe nedambudziko iri remitero zvakatotanga hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika. Kana hukama hweUS neBrazil hukaramba huri pasi pekumanikidzwa, tichitarisa muenzaniso wekutengesa soya kuChina neBrazil panguva yekusawirirana kwekutengeserana pakati peUS neChina muna 2018, mukana wekuti Brazil iende kuChina mukutenga zvekurima uye kusarudza vadyidzani vekutengeserana nezvinhu zvakakosha unofanirwa kutariswa. Ichi chiratidzo chakanaka chemusika wemakambani eChina agrochemical export muBrazil.
Tsanangudzo yeKushandiswa kweMitero
Musi wa15 Chikunguru, Hofisi yeUnited States Trade Representative Office (USTR) yakaburitsa chiziviso, ichiisa mutero we25% weChikamu 301 pazvinhu zvinotengeswa zvinobva kuBrazil. Kodhi yemutero ndeye 9903.05.01 (kunze kwe9903.05.02 - 9903.05.09). Mutero uyu unoshanda pazvinhu zvinopinda muUnited States kana zviri kutorwa mudura kuti zvidyiwe kutanga na12:01 am musi wa22 Chikunguru, 2026, Nguva yeEastern.
Vachitungamirirwa nemutungamiri wenyika, Mumiriri wezvekutengeserana weUS Grier akatora danho rekupedzisira zvichienderana neChikamu 301 cheMutemo wezvekutengeserana wa1974. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, USTR yakaita ongororo yegore rimwe chete ndokuona kuti maitiro eBrazil munzvimbo dzakadai sekutengeserana kwedhijitari uye mabasa ekubhadhara emagetsi, mitero isina kururama, kupindira kwehuori, kuchengetedzwa kwepfuma yepfungwa, kuwanikwa kwemusika weethanol, uye kutemwa kwemasango zvisiri pamutemo zvaive zvisina musoro, zvichiisa mutoro kana zvirambidzo pamabasa ekutengeserana evarimi vekuAmerica, vashandi, vagadziri vezvinhu zvitsva, nevatengesi vekunze. Danho iri rakatorwa mushure mekunge USTR yaita hurukuro mbiri dzeveruzhinji, yakagamuchira pfungwa dzevanhu dzinopfuura 360, uye yaita hurukuro dzakasimba nehurumende yeBrazil.
Zvinhu zviri kutakurwa hazvibhadharwi mutero wekuwedzera pasi pemamiriro anotevera: Zvakaiswa mungarava nguva isati yasvika 12:01 mangwanani musi wa22 Chikunguru (Nguva yeKumabvazuva) uye zviri muchikamu chekupedzisira chekutakura, zvagadzirira kupinda muUnited States. Zvinofanira kupinda muUnited States nguva isati yasvika 12:01 mangwanani musi wa29 Chikunguru kana kuburitswa mudura kuti zvidyiwe.
Chikamu Chekuregererwa
Kuwedzerwa kwemutero uku hakushande kumapoka anotevera:
Zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa zvinogona kukonzera kushomeka kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa nemitero muUnited States;
Zvigadzirwa zvinogona kukonzera mitero kumakambani ese;
Zvigadzirwa izvo United States isingakwanise kugadzira nemutengo unonzwisisika kana kuti zvisingakwanise kuwana zvakawanda kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo;
Zvigadzirwa zvisingabatsire zvakanyanya mukubviswa kwemitemo nemaitiro akakodzera muBrazil ayo anonzi anogona kuitwa;
Zvinyorwa zveruzivo, zvinhu zvakapihwa, mikwende yekutakura;
Zvinhu zviri pasi pemitemo ye232 yemitero pamwe nezvikamu zvazvo (zvichitevera musimboti wekusiyana kuitira kudzivirira kuiswa kaviri).
Pamusoro pezvigadzirwa zvakanyorwa pachena muchiziviso ichi, USTR yakabvumidzawo zvimwe zvisungo zvealuminium hydroxide, zvinhu zvekare zvinounganidzwa uye mabasa ehunyanzvi, madota ane simbi inokosha, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemvere dzemhuka nedehwe, zvimwe zvekudya zvegungwa, mimwe mishonga nezvinoshandiswa pakurapa, mimwe mishonga yehuni, zvimedu zvesimbi nezvinhu zvakaraswa, huchi hweorganic, simbi yenguruve, kofi inokurumidza isina kunaka, mbatya dzakamboshandiswa, nezvimwewo. Zvikamu zvemitero zvinofukidzwa nechisungo chiri muchisungo ichi zvinosanganisirawo mushonga (Chitsauko 30), fetereza (Chitsauko 31), zvigadzirwa zvetanning uye dyeing (Chitsauko 32), mafuta anokosha (Chitsauko 33), sipo uye surfactants (Chitsauko 34), mamwe makemikari (Chitsauko 38), mapurasitiki (Chitsauko 39), rabha (Chitsauko 40), nezvimwewo. Zvichibva pakuverenga kwakasiyana-siyana, kukosha chaiko kwezvinhu zvinofukidzwa nemutero uyu kushoma pane 30% yezvese zvinotengeswa kuBrazil kuUnited States. Mapoka makuru ezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika neBrazil kuUnited States, zvakaita sekofi, nyama yemombe, muto weorenji, nzungu dzeBrazil, iron ore, mafuta asina kucheneswa, rare earths, fetereza, makemikari eorganic, ndege nezvikamu zvendege, nezvimwewo, zvose zviri murunyorwa rwezvisina kubvumidzwa.
Zvinhu zvinotengwa kubva kuBrazil uye zvakakanganiswa nemitero mitsva zviri kuramba zvichibhadhariswa mitero iri kurambidzwa kurasirwa marara uye isingabvumidzwe nerubatsiro. Uyezve, iyi mitero ichawedzerwa pamitero yakaiswa neUSTR kuBrazil muchikamu che301 chekuferefeta kwevashandi vanomanikidzwa. Kuferefeta uku kunotarisirwa kupera musi wa24 Chikunguru uye mwero wemitero wakarongwa uri 12.5%.
Nhoroondo yezvematongerwo enyika
Ongororo iyi yakatangwa musi wa15 Chikunguru, 2025. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Trump akanga azivisa kuwedzera kwemitero yeBrazil ne50% uye akapomera hurumende yake mhosva yekutyora kodzero dzevanhu. Mutengo uyu wakazobviswa. Kuwedzera kwemitero uku kwakabatana nekumanikidzwa kweUS kuBrazil maererano nekutongwa kweaimbove purezidhendi Bolsonaro, uye zvakare kwakagadzira hukama nesarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika yeBrazil iri kuuya muna Gumiguru - Lula akapomera mwanakomana waSenator waBolsonaro, Flavio, mhosva yekufambisa kuwedzera kwemitero iyi mushure mekushanya kwake kuUS. Flavio akaramba izvi uye akati aizoedza kukurudzira kuti kuisirwa kwemitero kuitwe kusvika sarudzo dzapera. Lula akataura pasocial media kuti sarudzo yekuwedzera mutengo yakanga isina musoro uye akati aizotora matanho ekudzivirira.
Mapoka anotevera anofanirwa kutariswa
Musi wa24 Chikunguru: Mhedzisiro yemitero ye301 clause pavanhu vanomanikidzwa kushanda ichaziviswa. Ichabatanidzwa here nemitero ye25% iripo iye zvino kuti isvike 37.5%?
Chikunguru 22 kusvika 29: Munguva yekusunungurwa kwezvinhu zvinofambiswa, makambani ane chekuita nekutakura zvinhu kubva kuBrazil anofanira kuongorora mabhiri ekutakura zvinhu uye nguva dzekusvika pachiteshi.
Gumiguru: Sarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika yeBrazil, mwero wezvematongerwo enyika panyaya yemitero, uye simba revaBrazil vakasimba kuUnited States zvichachinja kana Brazil ichagadzirisa zvakare kutenga kwayo zvinhu zvekurima kubva kuChina uye hurongwa hwayo hwekutengeserana nezvinhu zvakawanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-22-2026
