Florfenicol, mushonga unogadzirwa ne monofluorinated derivative we thiamphenicol, mushonga mutsva unorwisa utachiona hwechloramphenicol wekushandisa mukurapa mhuka, wakagadzirwa zvakabudirira mukupera kwema1980.
Panyaya yezvirwere zvinowanzoitika, mapurazi akawanda enguruve anoshandisa florfenicol kakawanda kudzivirira kana kubata zvirwere zvenguruve.Hazvina mhosva kuti rudzii rwechirwere, pasinei neboka kana danho, vamwe varimi vanoshandisa super-dose yeflorfenicol kurapa kana kudzivirira zvirwere.Florfenicol haisi mushonga.Inofanira kushandiswa zvine musoro kuti iwane mhedzisiro yaunoda.Izvi zvinotevera sumo yakadzama kune yakajairika pfungwa yekushandiswa kweflorfenicol, uchitarisira kubatsira munhu wese:
1. Antibacterial properties yeflorfenicol
(1) Florfenicol imishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ine yakakura antibacterial spectrum kurwisa akasiyana Gram-positive uye akaipa mabhakitiriya uye mycoplasma.Sensitive mabhakitiriya anosanganisira bovine uye porcine Haemophilus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Influenza bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, etc. nani inhibitory effect.
(2) In vitro uye in vivo miedzo inoratidza kuti basa rayo rinorwisa mabhakitiriya riri nani zvikuru kupfuura iro remishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yazvino, yakadai sethiamphenicol, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin uye ikozvino inoshandiswa zvakanyanya quinolones.
(3) Kurumidza-kuita, florfenicol inogona kusvika kuhutano hwekurapa muropa 1 awa mushure mejojo ye intramuscular, uye peak drug concentration inogona kusvika mumaawa 1.5-3;kushanda kwenguva refu, kushanda kwemishonga yeropa kunogona kuchengetwa kwemaawa anopfuura makumi maviri mushure mekutonga kumwe.
(4) Inogona kupinda muropa-brain chipingamupinyi, uye maitiro ayo ekurapa pamhuka bacterial meningitis haina kuenzaniswa neiyo yemamwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
(5) Haina chepfu uye mhedzisiro kana ichishandiswa muhuwandu hunokurudzirwa, inokunda njodzi yeaplastic anemia uye humwe huturu hunokonzerwa nethiamphenicol, uye haizokonzerese kukuvadza kumhuka uye chikafu.Inoshandiswa pazvirwere zvezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya mumhuka.Kurapa kwenguruve, kusanganisira kudzivirira uye kurapwa kwebhakitiriya zvirwere zvekufema, meningitis, pleurisy, mastitis, zvirwere zvemukati uye postpartum syndrome munguruve.
2. Mabhakitiriya anobatwa neflorfenicol uye anofarira florfenicol swine chirwere
(1) Zvirwere zvenguruve uko florfenicol inodiwa
Ichi chigadzirwa chinokurudzirwa semushonga wesarudzo yenguruve yemabayo, porcine infectious pleuropneumonia uye Haemophilus parasuis chirwere, kunyanya pakurapa utachiona hunopesana nefluoroquinolones nemamwe maantibioti.
(2) Florfenicol inogonawo kushandiswa pakurapa zvirwere zvenguruve zvinotevera
Inogonawo kushandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvekufema zvinokonzerwa neStreptococcus (pneumonia), Bordetella bronchiseptica (atrophic rhinitis), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (swine asthma), nezvimwewo;salmonellosis (piglet paratyphoid), colibacillosis (piglet asthma) Zvirwere zvemudumbu zvakadai se enteritis zvinokonzerwa neyero manyoka, white diarrhea, piglet edema chirwere) uye mamwe mabhakitiriya anonzwa.Florfenicol inogona kushandiswa pakurapa zvirwere zvenguruve idzi, asi haisi mishonga yekusarudza kune zvirwere zvenguruve, saka inofanira kushandiswa nekuchenjerera.
3. Kushandiswa kusina kunaka kweflorfenicol
(1) Mushonga wakakurisa kana kuti diki.Mimwe mishonga yekudya yakasanganiswa inosvika 400 mg/kg, uye jekiseni remajekiseni rinosvika 40-100 mg/kg, kana kutopfuura.Mamwe madiki se8 ~ 15mg/kg.Mishonga mikuru ine chepfu, uye mishoma haishande.
(2) Nguva yakarebesa.Kumwe kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwemishonga yakawanda pasina kuzvidzora.
(3) Kushandiswa kwezvinhu nematanho kwakaipa.Mbeu dzine nguruve uye nguruve dzakakora dzinoshandisa mishonga yakadai zvisina tsarukano, zvichiita kuti muchetura kana zvisaririra zvemishonga, zvichikonzera kugadzirwa kusina kuchengetedzeka uye chikafu.
(4) Kusawirirana kusina kunaka.Vamwe vanhu vanowanzoshandisa florfenicol pamwe chete ne sulfonamides uye cephalosporins.Kana zviri zvesainzi uye zvine musoro zvakakodzera kuongorora.
(5) Kudyisa kwakasanganiswa uye kutonga hakuna kumutswa zvakaenzana, zvichiita kuti pasava nemugumisiro wemishonga kana chepfu yezvinodhaka.
4. Kushandisa florfenicol precautions
(1) Ichi chigadzirwa hachifanirwe kusanganiswa nemacrolides (senge tylosin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tilmicosin, guitarmycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, nezvimwewo), lincosamide ( Senge lincomycin, clindamycin) uye diterpenoid semi-synthetic musanganiswa, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya - Tiamulin musanganiswa. kana zvasanganiswa zvinogona kubudisa antagonistic effect.
(2) Ichi chigadzirwa hachigone kushandiswa pamwe chete ne β-lactone amines (senge penicillins, cephalosporins) uye fluoroquinolones (senge enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, nezvimwewo), nekuti chigadzirwa ichi inhibitor yebhakitiriya protein Synthetic inokurumidza-acting bacteriostatic agent. , iyo yekupedzisira inouraya mabhakitiriya inokurumidza kuita panguva yekuberekesa.Pasi pechiito chekare, bhakitiriya mapuroteni synthesis anokurumidza kudziviswa, mabhakitiriya anomira kukura uye kuwedzera, uye bactericidal effect yekupedzisira inopera simba.Naizvozvo, kana kurapwa kuchida kuita nekukurumidza sterilization mhedzisiro, haigone kushandiswa pamwechete.
(3) Ichi chigadzirwa hachigone kusanganiswa ne sulfadiazine sodium yejekiseni remukati memuscular.Hazvifanirwe kushandiswa pamwe chete nemishonga yealkaline painobatwa nemuromo kana intramuscularly, kuitira kuti udzivise kuora uye kukundikana.Izvo zvakare hazvina kukodzera jekiseni remutsinga ne tetracycline hydrochloride, kanamycin, adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, nezvimwewo, kudzivirira kunaya uye kuderera mukubudirira.
(4) Kuderera kwetsandanyama uye necrosis inogona kukonzerwa mushure mejojo ye intramuscular.Nokudaro, inogona kubayiwa zvakasiyana mumhasuru dzakadzika dzemutsipa nemagaro, uye hazvikurudzirwe kudzokorora majekiseni panzvimbo imwechete.
(5) Nokuti chigadzirwa ichi chinogona kunge chine embryotoxicity, chinofanira kushandiswa nekuchenjerera munguruve dzine pamuviri uye dzinoyamwisa.
(6) Kana kupisa kwemuviri kwenguruve dzinorwara kwakakwirira, inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete ne antipyretic analgesics uye dexamethasone, uye mhedzisiro yacho iri nani.
(7) Mukudzivirira uye kurapwa kweporcine Respiratory Syndrome (PRDC), vamwe vanhu vanokurudzira kushandiswa pamwe chete kweflorfenicol uye amoxicillin, florfenicol uye tylosin, uye florfenicol uye tylosin.Zvakakodzera, nokuti kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yemishonga yekuona, iyo miviri haigoni kushandiswa pamwe chete.Nekudaro, florfenicol inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete ne tetracyclines senge doxycycline.
(8) Ichi chigadzirwa chine hematological toxicity.Kunyange zvazvo isingazokonzeri kusingagadziriswi bone marrow aplastic anemia, reversible inhibition ye erythropoiesis inokonzerwa nayo inowanzoitika kupfuura ye chloramphenicol (yakaremara).Inopesana munguva yekudzivirira kana mhuka dzine immunodeficiency yakaoma.
(9) Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwekudya uye kushayikwa kwevhitamini kana zviratidzo zve superinfection.
(10) Mukudzivirira uye kurapwa kwehosha yenguruve, kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kutorwa, uye mushonga unofanirwa kupihwa zvinoenderana neinotarwa dhizaini uye nzira yekurapa, uye haifanirwe kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kudzivirira mhedzisiro yakaipa.
(11) Kune mhuka dzine renal insufficiency, dose inofanira kuderedzwa kana nguva yekutonga inofanira kuwedzerwa.
(12) Muchiitiko chekushisa kwakadzika, kunowanikwa kuti kuparara kwehuwandu kunononoka;kana mhinduro yakagadzirirwa ine kunaya kweflorfenicol, uye inongoda kupisa zvishoma (kwete kupfuura 45 ℃) kunyungudika zvese nekukurumidza.Mushonga wakagadzirirwa unoshandiswa zvakanakisisa mukati memaawa makumi mana nemasere.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-09-2022