Musika wezvekurima muBrazil wakaramba uchikura nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura. Mukuda kwekuwedzera kweruzivo rwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kufarirwa kwepfungwa dzekurima dzinogara kwenguva refu, uye rutsigiro rwakasimba rwehurumende, Brazil iri kuva nzvimbo yakakosha yemusika uye yekuvandudza zvinhu zvepasi rose zvekurima, zvichikwezva makambani epasi rose ezvekurima kuti vatange mashandiro munyika.
Mamiriro aripo pamusika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muBrazil pari zvino
Muna 2023, nzvimbo yekudyara zvirimwa zveBrazil yakasvika mahekita mamiriyoni 81.82, ayo chirimwa chikuru chiri soyabhinzi, ichitora 52% yenzvimbo yese yakadyarwa, ichiteverwa nechibage chemuchando, nzimbe nechibage chezhizha. Panyika yayo yakakura inorimwa, Brazilmushonga wezvipembeneneMusika wakasvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora (kushandiswa kwekurima kwekupedzisira) muna 2023, nemishonga yesoya ichive chikamu chikuru chemutengo wemusika (58%) uye musika uri kukura nekukurumidza mumakore matatu apfuura.
Mugove wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mumusika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene muBrazil uchiri mudiki kwazvo, asi uri kukura nekukurumidza, uchiwedzera kubva pa1% muna 2018 kusvika pa4% muna 2023 mumakore mashanu chete, nekukura kwegore negore kwe38%, zvichipfuura zvakanyanya kukura kwe12% kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene.
Muna 2023, musika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene munyika wakasvika pamutengo wemadhora mazana masere emamiriyoni ($800 miriyoni) pamusika wevarimi. Pakati pawo, maererano nerudzi, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ndiyo mhando huru yezvigadzirwa (inonyanya kushandiswa musoya nenzimbe); Chikamu chechipiri pakukura ndechemishonga yezvipembenene, ichiteverwa nezvipembenene zvinouraya utachiona uye mishonga inouraya utachiona; CAGR yepamusoro-soro mumutengo wemusika munguva ya2018-2023 ndeyemishonga inouraya utachiona, kusvika ku52%. Panyaya yezvirimwa zvinoshandiswa, chikamu chemishonga inouraya utachiona yesoya mumutengo wese wemusika chakakwira, ichisvika 55% muna 2023; Panguva imwe chete, soya ndiyo zvakare chirimwa chine mwero wepamusoro wekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya utachiona, ne88% yenzvimbo yayakadyarwa ichishandisa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro muna 2023. Chibage chechando nenzimbe ndizvo zvirimwa zvechipiri nechechitatu pakukura mumutengo wemusika zvichiteerana. Kukosha kwemusika kwezvirimwa izvi kwakawedzera mumakore matatu apfuura.
Kune mutsauko muzvikamu zvikuru zvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvembeu dzezvirimwa izvi zvakakosha. Kukosha kukuru kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yesoya inonzi biological nematocides pamusika ndeye biological nematocides, inokwana 43% muna 2023. Mapoka anonyanya kukosha anoshandiswa muchibage chechando nechibage chezhizha mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, inokwana 66% ne75% yemutengo wemusika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mumhando mbiri dzezvirimwa, zvichiteerana (kunyanya kudzora zvipembenene zvinoruma). Rudzi rukuru rwezvigadzirwa zvenzimbe i biological nematocides, iyo inokwana hafu yemugove wemusika wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yenzimbe.
Panyaya yenzvimbo yekushandisa, chati inotevera inoratidza zvinhu zvipfumbamwe zvinonyanya kushandiswa, huwandu hwenzvimbo yakarapwa pazvirimwa zvakasiyana, uye nzvimbo yakabatanidzwa inoshandiswa mugore rimwe chete. Pakati pazvo, Trichoderma ndiyo chikamu chikuru chinoshanda, chinoshandiswa mumahekita mamiriyoni 8.87 ezvirimwa pagore, kunyanya pakurima soya. Izvi zvakateverwa neBeauveria bassiana (mahekita mamiriyoni 6.845), iyo yainyanya kushandiswa kuchibage chemuchando. Zvisere zvezvipfumbamwe zvikuru izvi hazvipindi mishonga, uye zvipembenene ndizvo chete zvipembenene zvemuvengi wechisikigo (zvese zvinoshandiswa mukurima nzimbe). Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei zvinhu izvi zvichitengeswa zvakanaka:
Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana naBacillus amylus: makambani ekugadzira anopfuura makumi mashanu, achipa ruzivo rwakanaka pamusika uye kuwanikwa kwezvirimwa;
Rhodospore: kuwedzera kukuru, kunyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehonye dzechibage, nzvimbo yekurapa zvigadzirwa inosvika mahekita mamiriyoni gumi nerimwe muna 2021, uye mahekita mamiriyoni makumi matatu muna 2024 pachibage chemuchando;
Mago: ane nzvimbo yakagadzikana kwenguva refu pamusoro penzimbe, anonyanya kushandiswa kudzora nzimbe dzinobereka;
Metarhizium anisopliae: Kukura nekukurumidza, kunyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemakonye uye kukanzurwa kwekunyoreswa kwecarbofuran (kemikari huru yekudzora makonye).
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-15-2024