Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuongorora kushanda kwakasara kwekupfapfaidza pirimiphos-methyl mukati memushonga mukuru, musanganiswa wedeltamethrinuye clothianidin, uye clothianidin muAlibori neTonga, nzvimbo dzine malaria yakawanda kuchamhembe kweBenin.
Mumakore matatu ekudzidza, kuramba kwe deltamethrin kwakaonekwa munharaunda dzese. Kuramba kana kuti mukana wekuti benzodiazepine irambe iripo wakaonekwa. Kukwanisa kubatwa ne pirimiphos-methyl kwakaonekwa muna 2019 na 2020, nepo mukana wekuti pirimiphos-methyl irambe iripo wakaonekwa muna Djugu, Gogonu, naKandy muna 2021. Kukwanisa kubatwa ne clothianidin kwakaonekwa mazuva 4-6 mushure mekubatwa ne clothianidin. Kushanda kwe pirimiphos-methyl kwakaramba kuripo kwemwedzi 4-5, nepo kushanda kwe clothianidin nemusanganiswa we deltamethrin ne clothianidin kwakaramba kuripo kwemwedzi 8-10. Kushanda kwezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaedzwa kwaive kwakakwira zvishoma pamadziro esimende pane pamadziro evhu.
Kazhinji, Anopheles gambiae SL yaibatwa neclothianidin zvachose asi yakaratidza kuti yaigona kuramba mishonga yezvipembenene. Uyezve, basa rezvipembenene zveclothianidin raive rakakwirira kupfuura repirimiphos-methyl, zvichiratidza kugona kwayo kudzora zvinorwisa pyrethroid.
Pakuyedzwa kweWHO kwehutachiona hwechubhu necone, huwandu hweAnopheles gambiae sensu lato (sl) pamwe neAnophoeles gambiae (Kisumu) kubva munharaunda dzakasiyana dzeIRS hwakashandiswa, zvichiteerana.
Mushonga wePyrifos-methyl capsule suspension mushonga wezvipembenene wakatopihwa neWorld Health Organisation kuti ushandiswe mumishonga yekupfapfaidza mumba. Pyrifos-methyl 300 CS mushonga wezvipembenene we organophosphorus une mushonga unokurudzirwa we1.0 g active ingredient (AI)/m² wekudzivirira malaria. Pyrifos-methyl inoshanda paacetylcholinesterase, zvichikonzera kuungana kweacetylcholine musynaptic cleft kana acetylcholine receptors yakavhurika, nokudaro ichidzivirira kutapurirana kwetsinga uye zvichikonzera kuoma mitezo nekufa kwezvipembenene.
Kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine nzira itsva dzekushanda, dzakadai seclothianidin, kunogona kubatsira kudzora zvinobudirira uye zvinogara kwenguva refu kwezvirwere zvemalaria zvinorwisa pyrethroid. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene iyi inogonawo kubatsira kudzora kusingaurayi zvipembenene, kudzivirira kuvimba zvakanyanya nemishonga mina yekurapa ine chepfu inowanzoshandiswa muhutano hwevanhu. Uyezve, kusanganisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene iyi nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nedzimwe nzira dzekushanda kunogonawo kunonotsa kukura kwekusaurayi.
Kukanganiswa kweAnopheles gambiae complex neclothianidin kwakaongororwa muna 2021, nhungamiro dzeWHO dzisati dzaburitswa, uchishandisa nzira yakagadziriswa neSumitomo Chemical (SCC). Mitemo yeWHO pamusoro pemaitiro ekuongorora zvipembenene zvega zvega zvakagadziriswa yakaburitswa, zvichibvumira sangano rinoshanda neWHO Universiti Sains Malaysia muMalaysia kugadzirira mapepa akaiswa zvipembenene pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye kuita kuti awanikwe kunzvimbo dzekutsvagisa.[31] Muna 2021 chete ndipo apo WHO yakaburitsa nhungamiro dzekuongorora zvipembenene neclothianidin.
Bepa reWhatman rakachekwa kuita zvidimbu zve 12 cm upamhi uye 15 cm kureba, rakaiswa 13.2 mg yechinhu chinoshanda checlothianidin uye rakashandiswa kuyedzwa mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekuiswa.
Kuvapo kwehumhutu hwakadzidzwa kwakatarwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neWHO:
Zvinhu zvina zvakadzidzwa: mwero wekuti zvipembenene zveAnopheles gambiae zviri nyore sei kubatwa nemushonga wezvipembenene, mhedzisiro yekudonha kwemishonga kana kufa pakarepo mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu, kunonoka kufa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemishonga.
Ruzivo rwakashandiswa uye/kana ongororo panguva yekudzidza uku runowanikwa kubva kumunyori anoenderana narwo kana zvikakumbirwa zvine musoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-22-2025