I. Pfupiso yekutengeserana kwekurima pakati peChina nenyika dzeLAC kubvira pavakapinda muWTO
Kubva muna 2001 kusvika 2023, huwandu hwese hwekutengeserana kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima pakati peChina nenyika dzeLAC hwakaratidza kukura kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi, kubva pamadhora ekuAmerica mabhiriyoni 2.58 kusvika pamadhora ekuAmerica mabhiriyoni 81.03, neavhareji yekukura kwegore negore kwe17.0%. Pakati pazvo, kukosha kwekutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera kubva pamadhora ekuAmerica mabhiriyoni 2.40 kusvika pamadhora ekuAmerica mabhiriyoni 77.63, kuwedzera ka31; Kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera ka19 kubva pamadhora mamiriyoni 170 kusvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni 3.40. Nyika yedu iri munzvimbo yekushomeka mukutengeserana kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima nenyika dzeLatin America, uye kushomeka kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Musika mukuru wekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima munyika yedu wakapa mikana mikuru yekuvandudza kurima muLatin America. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvemhando yepamusoro zvinobva kuLatin America, zvakaita seChilean cherry neEcuadorian white shrimp, zvapinda mumusika wedu.
Zvose zviri zviviri, chikamu chenyika dzeLatin America mukutengeserana kwekurima kweChina chakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kugoverwa kwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika hakuna kuenzana. Kubva muna 2001 kusvika 2023, chikamu chekutengeserana kwekurima kweChina neLatin America mukutengeserana kwekurima kweChina kwakawedzera kubva pa9.3% kusvika pa24.3%. Pakati pavo, zvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva kunyika dzeLatin America kubva kuChina zvakatora chikamu chezvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva pa20.3% kusvika pa33.2%, zvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva kunyika dzekurima dzeChina kunyika dzeLatin America zvakatora chikamu chezvinhu zvinopinzwa kubva pa1.1% kusvika pa3.4%.
2. Hunhu hwekutengeserana kwekurima pakati peChina nenyika dzeLAC
(1) Vatengesi vakabatana zvakanyanya
Muna 2001, Argentina, Brazil nePeru ndidzo dzaive nzvimbo nhatu dzepamusoro dzekutenga zvigadzirwa zvekurima kubva kuLatin America, nemutengo wemari inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri negumi nematatu emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichiita 88.8% yehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvekurima kubva kuLatin America gore iroro. Nekuwedzera kwekudyidzana kwekutengeserana kwekurima nenyika dzeLatin America, mumakore achangopfuura, Chile yakadarika Peru ikave nzvimbo yechitatu pakukura kwekutenga zvekurima muLatin America, uye Brazil yakadarika Argentina ikave nzvimbo yekutanga pakukura kwekutenga zvekurima. Muna 2023, kutenga zvekurima kubva kuBrazil, Argentina neChile kwakasvika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nemasere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nematatu emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichiita 88.8% yehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvekurima kubva kunyika dzeLatin America mugore iroro. Pakati pavo, China yakatenga mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nemasere nemakumi mashanu nemasere emadhora ekuAmerica kubva kuBrazil, zvichiita 75.1% yehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvekurima kubva kunyika dzeLatin America, zvichiita 25.0% yehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvekurima muChina. Brazil haisiriyo chete nzvimbo huru yekutengesera zvinhu zvekurima muLatin America, asiwo ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekutengesera zvinhu zvekurima pasi rose.
Muna 2001, Cuba, Mexico neBrazil ndidzo dzaive misika mitatu yepamusoro yekutengesa kunze kwenyika yeChina kunyika dzeLAC, ine huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica anotengeswa kunze kwenyika hwemamiriyoni zana negumi, zvichiita kuti pave ne64.4% yezvese zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika yeChina kunyika dzeLAC gore iroro. Muna 2023, Mexico, Chile neBrazil ndidzo misika mitatu yepamusoro yekutengesa kunze kwenyika yeChina kunyika dzeLatin America, ine huwandu hwemadhora ekuAmerica anotengeswa kunze kwenyika hwemabhiriyoni maviri negumi nemashanu, zvichiita kuti pave ne63.2% yezvese zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika zvegore iroro.
(3) Zvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika zvinotongwa nembeu dzemafuta nezvigadzirwa zvezvipfuyo, uye zviyo zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika zvakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.
China ndiyo nyika inonyanya kutenga zvigadzirwa zvekurima kubva kunze kwenyika, uye ine kudiwa kukuru kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakaita sesoya, nyama yemombe nemichero kubva kunyika dzeLatin America. Kubva pakapinda China muWTO, zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinobva kunyika dzeLatin America zvinonyanya kutengwa nemafuta nezvigadzirwa zvezvipfuyo, uye zviyo zvinotengwa kubva kunze kwenyika zvakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.
Muna 2023, China yakatenga mbeu dzemafuta dzinosvika mabhiriyoni 42.29 kubva kunyika dzeLatin America, kuwedzera kwe3.3%, zvichiita 57.1% yezvese zvinotengeswa kubva kunyika dzeLatin America. Kutengwa kwezvipfuyo, zvigadzirwa zvemumvura nezviyo kwaive mabhiriyoni 13.67 emadhora ekuAmerica, mabhiriyoni 7.15 emadhora ekuAmerica uye mabhiriyoni 5.13 emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichiteerana. Pakati pazvo, kutengwa kwezviyo kwaive mabhiriyoni 4.05 emadhora ekuAmerica, kuwedzera kwe137,671 kakapetwa, kunyanya nekuti chibage chekuBrazil chakatumirwa kune imwe nyika kuChina kunoongororwa nekuvharirwa. Huwandu hukuru hwezviyo zvekuBrazil zvakatenga patsva maitiro ekutenga chibage kwaitungamirwa neUkraine neUnited States kare.
(4) Kutumira kunze zvigadzirwa zvemumvura nemiriwo
Kubva pakapinda China muWTO, kutengeswa kwezvirimwa kunyika dzeLAC kwave kuri kwezvigadzirwa zvemumvura nemiriwo, mumakore achangopfuura, kutengeswa kwezvirimwa zvemumvura nemichero kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 2023, kutengeswa kwezvirimwa zvemumvura nemiriwo kunyika dzeLatin America kwaive $1.19 bhiriyoni uye $6.0 bhiriyoni zvichiteerana, zvichiita 35.0% uye 17.6% yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvezvirimwa kunyika dzeLatin America, zvichiteerana.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-30-2024