Salicylic acid ine mabasa akawanda mukurima, anosanganisira kuva murairidzi wekukura kwezvirimwa, mushonga wezvipembenene, uye mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Asidhi yeSalicylic, semutariri wekukura kwezvirimwa,inoita basa guru mukusimudzira kukura kwezvirimwa uye kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa. Inogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemahormone muzvirimwa, kukurumidzisa kukura kwawo nekusiyana kwawo, uye zvakare kubatsira zvirimwa kuti zvijairane nekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza. Salicylic acid inogonawo kudzivirira kurebeswa kwemiromo yemiti, zvichiita kuti zvirimwa zvirambe zvakasimba uye kuderedza kuwanda kwezvirwere nezvipembenene. Kunze kwekuva mutariri wekukura kwezvirimwa, salicylic acid inogonawo kushandiswa semushonga wezvipembenene. Mumunda wekurima, mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira acetylsalicylic acid nesodium salicylate. Makemikari aya anogona kuuraya zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinoparadzira pazvirimwa, zvichidzivirira kukura kwezvirimwa. Mumunda wekurapa, salicylic acid mushonga unowanzo shandiswa pakurwisa hutachiona. Mumunda wekurima, salicylic acid inoshandiswa kudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira mumhuka. Panguva imwe chete, salicylic acid inogona kuwedzera kudzivirira zvirwere uye nguva yekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa zvekurima.
Salicylic Acid (yakapfupikiswa seSA) haisi mushonga wezvipembenene wekare (wakadai semushonga wezvipembenene, mushonga wefungi, kana mushonga wesora) mukurima. Zvisinei, inoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira zvirimwa uye kudzora kusagadzikana kwezvirwere. Mumakore achangopfuura, salicylic acid yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya uye yakashandiswa mukurima semushonga unodzivirira zvirimwa kana kuti mushonga wezvinhu zvipenyu, uye ine mabasa makuru anotevera:
1. Kushanda kwesimba rekudzivirira zvirimwa (SAR)
Salicylic acid imorekuru inoonekwa seyakajairika mumiti, iyo inoungana nekukurumidza mushure mekutapukirwa nehutachiona.
Inogona kumutsa systemic acquired resistance (SAR), zvichiita kuti chirimwa chose chive nekusagona kurwisa zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana (kunyanya fungi, mabhakitiriya, uye mavhairasi).
2. Kuvandudza kushivirira kwezvirimwa kune zvinhu zvisiri zvehupenyu
Salicylic acid inogona kuwedzera kushivirira kwezvirimwa kune zvinhu zvisiri zvehupenyu zvakaita sekusanaya kwemvura, munyu, tembiricha yakaderera, tembiricha yakakwira, uye kusvibiswa kwesimbi ine simbi yakawanda.
Maitiro acho anosanganisira: kudzora mashandiro ema enzymes e antioxidant (akadai seSOD, POD, CAT), kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemasero, uye kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinodzora osmotic (zvakadai seproline, shuga inonyungudika), nezvimwewo.
3. Kudzora kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa
Kusakwana kwe salicylic acid kunogona kukurudzira kumera kwembeu, kukura kwemidzi uye photosynthesis.
Zvisinei, kuwanda kwakanyanya kunogona kumisa kukura, zvichiratidza "mhedzisiro yehomoni mbiri" (mhedzisiro yehomoni).
4. Sechikamu chehurongwa hwekudzora zvakatipoteredza
Kunyange zvazvo salicylic acid pachayo isina simba rekuuraya zvakananga mabhakitiriya anokonzera zvirwere, inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nekukurudzira dziviriro yechirimwa chacho.
Inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu (zvakaita sechitosan, jasmonic acid) kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo.
Mafomu chaiwo ekunyorera
Kupfapfaidza mashizha: Kuwanda kwakajairika i0.1–1.0 mM (inenge 14–140 mg/L), iyo inogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirimwa nechinangwa.
Kurapa mbeu: Kunyika mbeu mumvura kuti dzisanyanya kurwara uye dzisanyanya kumera.
Kusanganisa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene: Kuvandudza kusimba kwezvirimwa kuzvirwere uye kuwedzera kushanda kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene.
Zvinyorwa Zvekuchenjerera
Kuwanda kwemashizha kunogona kukonzera chepfu (phytotoxicity) (sekutsva kwemashizha uye kudziviswa kwekukura kwemiti).
Mhedzisiro yacho inokonzerwa zvikuru nemamiriro ekunze (tembiricha, hunyoro), mhando dzezvirimwa uye nguva yekushandisa.
Parizvino, salicylic acid haisati yanyoreswa zviri pamutemo semushonga wezvipembenene muChina nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Inonyanya kushandiswa semutongi wekukura kwezvirimwa kana semushonga wezvinhu zvipenyu.
Pfupiso
Kukosha kukuru kwesalicylic acid mukurima kuri mu "kuchengetedza zvirimwa kuburikidza nezvirimwa" - nekuita kuti masoja emuviri ezvirimwa akwanise kurwisa zvirwere nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa. Chinhu chinoshanda chinoenderana nepfungwa dzekurima kwakasvibira uye budiriro inoenderera mberi. Kunyangwe isiri mushonga wezvipembenene wekare, ine mukana wakakura mukutarisira zvipembenene zvakabatana (IPM).
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-13-2025