1. Brassinosteroids inowanikwa zvakanyanya muhushe hwezvirimwa
Munguva yekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu, zvirimwa zvinoumba zvishoma nezvishoma mahormone emukati memuviri kuti apindure kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonetsa zvakatipoteredza. Pakati pazvo, mabrassinoid imhando yemaphytosterols ane basa rekusimudzira kurebeswa kwemasero. Anowanzo kuwanikwa muhushe hwese hwezvirimwa kubva pazvirimwa zvakaderera kusvika zvepamusoro, uye akawanda mabrassinoid analogues akawanikwa.
2. Brassinoids dzechisikigo ndidzo "kiyi" yakanakisisa yekuvhura nzira yebrassinoids dzechisikigo.
Mabrassinoid echisikigo anowanikwa mumaruva nembeu, achidzora kukura kwekubereka, kukura kwembeu, achikurudzira kureba kwehunde uye chimiro chemidzi, uye anoitawo basa rakanaka mukudzivirira kwemiti kushushikana [3, 5]. Mabrassinoid ekutanga ayo chimiro chayo chakaonekwa aive brassinolide BL (Mufananidzo 1-1). Zvisinei, huwandu hwayo hwechisikigo hwakaderera zvakanyanya uye kubviswa kwayo mumaindasitiri hakugone kuwanikwa. Izvi zvakakonzera nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira. Zvirimwa zvinowana kunzwa kwehomoni uye mhinduro kuburikidza nepfungwa ye "lock and key", uye mabrassinoid echisikigo ndiwo "kiyi" yakanakisa yekuvhura musuwo wekupindura kwebrassinoid. Ane hukama hwakasimba nemareceptors uye anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura mabrassinolides akasiyana-siyana ekugadzira. Kushandiswa kwebrassinoid echisikigo kunogona kunzwisiswa nekukurumidza uye kutorwa nezvirimwa, zvichibatsira kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwakakwana kwebrassinoid endogenous kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichibvumira masero kupindura nekukurumidza, nekushanda kwakanyanya, pasina kurambwa, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Mufananidzo 2), semushonga mutsva webrassinosteroid murapeseed pollen, inogona kutorwa nekunatswa muzvikamu uchishandisa zvinonyungudutsa zvisina njodzi kunharaunda. Ndiyo yekutanga brassinosteroid yechisikigo kuita kuti green extraction ibudirire. 14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid inoiswa muchikamu chehupfu hushoma kana husina chepfu muChinese chemical chepfu. Kuyera kwehupfu hwezvakatipoteredza hakuna chepfu uye kunogona kuoreswa nyore nyore, uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi yehutano hwezvakatipoteredza kwakaderera (RQ<1). Inokuvadza vanhu nevanhu. Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu, ndicho chega chigadzirwa chekuwedzera chinobva mumiti munyika chakawana "green food production material certification" yenyika uye United States organic input certification.
3. Maitiro ekushandisa anoratidza kuti mabrassinoid echisikigo anogona kukurudzira goho guru uye kuwedzera mari inowanikwa
(1) Kurudzira kusiyana kwemabukira emaruva uye kuchengetedza maruva nemichero
Goho uye mhando yemiti yemichero zvine chekuita nekukura kwenhengo dzemaruva. Kupfapfaidza brassinoids dzechisikigo panguva yekusiyana kwemabukira emaruva uye muchero mudiki, kana kuwedzera huwandu hwakati hwebrassinoids dzechisikigo panguva yekubereka kwemichero kunogona kuwedzera huwandu uye mhando yemaruva emichero uye kuderedza maruva akaremara. Zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwehura, kuwedzera mwero wekubereka michero, uye kuderedza kudonha kwemaruva nemichero, uye zvave zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukudyara nekugadzira miti mizhinji yemichero yakadai sekiwi, citrus, apuro, uye jujube.
Kiwifruit muzambiringa unowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira. Mukugadzira, kusvina kwekugadzira kunofanirwa kushandiswa kuwedzera kusvina uye mwero wekubuda kwemichero. Kana zvinopfuura 2/3 yemuti wese zvatumbuka, shandisa upfu hwebrassinoids hwechisikigo hwakasanganiswa nemuporeni pachiyero che1/50 chekugadzira poreini kana mvura yebrassinoids yechisikigo yakaderedzwa ka2500 kuti isvine poreini, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mwero wekubuda kwemichero yekiwifruit uye kukurudzira Huremu hwevhitamini C nezvinhu zvidiki mumuchero hunovandudza zvakanyanya hunhu hwekuchengetera nekutakura uye kukosha kwekudya kwemuchero wekiwi. (Mufananidzo 3-4)[6]. Munguva yemuchero mudiki wekiwifruit, chinhu chinokonzerwa nebrassinoids dzechisikigo, gibberellin, uye auxin chinogona kupfapfaidzwa zvakare, izvo zvinogona kukurudzira kukura nekukurumidza kwemichero midiki, zvichikonzera chimiro chemuchero mutete uye kuwedzera kwe20%-30% muhuremu hwemuchero mumwe chete.
Kudonha kwemichero yemichero yecitrus mumuviri wemunhu kwakakomba, uye mwero wekubuda kwemichero unowanzova 2%-3%. Kuti maruva abude zvakanaka uye kuwedzera mwero wekubuda kwemichero, kudonha kwemichero yechisikigo kunoshandiswa usati wabuda, 2/3 yemaruva anenge apera simba, uye mazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe usati wabuda kwechipiri. Kupfapfaidza brassinoids + gibberellic acid kunogona kuwedzera mwero wekubuda kwemichero yecitrus ne20% (Guangxi Sugar Orange). Michero midiki nemadzinde emichero zvinoshanduka kuita girini mazuva matatu zvisati zvaitika, uye mwero wekubuda kwemichero yakakanganisika wakaderera.
(2) Chinja ruvara, wedzera shuga, uye wedzera kunaka kwemichero
Kuravira kwemuchero muhudiki kunomiririra huwandu hwakawanda hweshuga-asidhi padanho rekukura uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemavhitamini nezvinhu zvidiki. Pakutanga kwekuchinja kweruvara rwemuchero, kushandiswa nguva dzose kwebrassinoids dzechisikigo + fertilizer ine potassium yakawanda inopfapfaidzwa ka2-3 mumuti wese kunogona kukurumidzisa kunyudzwa kwezvinovaka muviri nekushanduka, kuwedzera photosynthesis, kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kweshuga, uye kukurudzira organic acids dzakadai secitric acid nemalic acid. Kuora kwechikamu chinoshandurwa kuita mavhitamini, flavonoids nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri, zvichiwedzera huwandu hweshuga-asidi uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinonaka. Zvinewo simba rekusimudzira ganda rakapfava uye kugadzirisa chimiro chemuchero.
(3) Kunyika nekudiridza mbeu dzemumunda kuti dzisapararire uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa nemari.
Hunhu uye goho rezvirimwa zvekudya zvine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze. Mishonga yeBrassinoids yechisikigo ine mhedzisiro yakakura mukudzivirira kushushikana kwakadai sekudziya kwakanyanya, kusanaya kwemvura, kukuvara kwechando, uye munyu munguva yese yekukura kwezvirimwa zvekudya. Chekutanga, kupfekedza mbeu, kuputira uye mamwe marapirwo usati wadyara zvinogona kuvandudza kuenzana kwekumera kwezvirimwa uye kusimbisa mbesa (Mufananidzo 9). Chechipiri, kupfapfaidza mishonga yeBrassinoids yechisikigo kamwe kana kaviri munguva dzakakosha dzekukura kwezvirimwa dzakadai sekupwanya, kutumbuka, uye kuzadza zviyo kunogona kudzivirira kushushikana kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa zvekudya. Mishonga yeBrassinoids yechisikigo yakakurudzirwa munyika yese kuti idzore kukura kwegorosi uye kuwedzera goho, ichisanganisira nzvimbo gumi neimwe dzekuyedza munzvimbo huru dzinogadzira gorosi dzakadai seHenan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, neJiangsu, nekuwedzera kwegoho kwe13.28%, uko kuwedzera kwegoho reShanxi kwakasvika 22.36%.
(4) Kuvandudza kunwa kwezvinovaka muviri uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemuriwo
Shandisa 0.0075% natural brassinosteroid aqueous solution yakasanganiswa ka2500 wopfapfaidza pamashizha epamusoro emuriwo ka1-2 kuti uwedzere kushanda kwekudyara nekushandisa zvinovaka muviri, kuwedzera photosynthesis, uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemuriwo. Zvakabuda muongororo yemumba zvakaratidza kuti mazuva matanhatu mushure mekupfapfaidza mashizha, nzvimbo yemashizha epakchoi muboka rekurapa brassinosteroid natural yakawedzera ne20% zvichienzaniswa nekudzora mvura yakachena.
(5) Inoshanda mukudzivirira kutonhora nechando
"Kutonhora kwechirimo chekupedzisira" idambudziko rinowanzoitika muchirimo, iro rinokanganisa goho rezvirimwa zvakananga. Pfapfaidzai 8-15ml yebrassinoids dzechisikigo + potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar nutrition mazuva 2-4 zvisati zvaitika, mazuva matatu mushure, uye mazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu mushure mekukuvadzwa nechirimo kana kukuvara kwechando kuti muwedzere kusimba kwezvirimwa kubva mukukuvadzwa nechirimo kana kukuvara kwechando. Zvirimwa zvakaomeswa nechando zvinokurumidza kukura zvakare. Kutonhora kwechirimo chekupedzisira kuchakuvadza anopfuura 60% e cherry calyces. Brassinoids dzechisikigo + fertilizer yakawanda ye potassium foliar inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekukuvadzwa ne40% uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kusviba kwakajairika.
Kana zvirimwa zvichiomeswa nechando, hurongwa hwekugadzira photosynthesis hunokuvadzwa uye photosynthesis haigone kupedzwa zvakanaka, zvichikanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa zvakanyanya. Mazuva maviri kusvika matatu zvirimwa zvematomatisi zvisati zvabatwa nechando, pfapfaidza chirimwa chose nekusanganiswa kwakapetwa kaviri kwebrassinosterol + amino acid foliar nutrition kuti uite peroxidase (POD) uye catalase (CAT) activitys. Bvisa oxygen free radicals yakawandisa mumatomatisi kudzivirira hurongwa hwekugadzira photosynthesis hwezvirimwa zvematomatisi zviri muchando uye kukurudzira kupora nekukurumidza mushure mekuomeswa nechando.
(6) Kubvisa sora rine musanganiswa, kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka
Mishonga yeBrassinoid yechisikigo inogona kukurumidza kusimudzira huwandu hwemasero emuviri muzvirimwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana ikashandiswa pamwe chete nemishonga yesora, inogona kukurudzira kunyudzwa kwemishonga nemasora uye kuwedzera simba remishonga yesora; kune rumwe rutivi, kana mishonga yezvipembenene yakasiyana-siyana ichiita seine njodzi, mishonga yeBrassica yechisikigo inofanira kushandiswazve nenguva. Hormone inogona kumutsa nzira yekubvisa tsvina kubva muzvirimwa, kukurumidzisa kubviswa kwetsvina yemishonga yezvipembenene mumuviri, uye kukurudzira kupora kwezvirimwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-19-2024