1. Brassinosteroids inowanikwa zvakanyanya muumambo hwemiti
Munguva yekushanduka-shanduka, zvidyarwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvinogadzira endogenous hormone regulatory network kuti ipindure kune kwakasiyana siyana kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza.Pakati pavo, brassinoids imhando ye phytosterols ine basa rekusimudzira sero elongation.Iwo anowanzo kuwanikwa muumambo hwese hwechirimwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro zvirimwa, uye akawanda ebrassinoids analogs akawanikwa.
2. Natural brassinoids ndiyo yakanakisa "kiyi" yekuvhura iyo endogenous brassinoids nzira.
Natural brassinoids inonyanya kuvepo mumaruva nembeu, inodzora kukura kwembeu, kukura kwembeu, kusimudzira kudzinde elongation uye midzi morphology, uye inoitawo basa rakanaka mukuramba chirimwa kushushikana [3, 5].Iyo yekutanga brassinoids iyo chimiro chakaonekwa yaive brassinolide BL (Mufananidzo 1-1).Nekudaro, izvo zvechisikigo zvemukati zvakaderera zvakanyanya uye kutorwa kwemaindasitiri hakugone kuitika.Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nenhevedzano yedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira.Zvirimwa zvinoona kunzwa kwehomoni uye kupindura kuburikidza ne "lock and key" musimboti, uye natural brassinoids ndiyo yakanakisa "kiyi" yekuvhura musuwo kune brassinoids mhinduro.Ivo vane hukama hwakasimba nema receptors uye anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura akasiyana ekugadzira brassinolides.Exogenous kushandiswa kwechisikigo brassinoids inogona kukurumidza kunzwisiswa uye kubatwa nezvirimwa, zvinobudirira kuwedzera kusakwana kwe synthesis ye endogenous brassinoids inokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti masero apindure nokukurumidza, ane basa rakakwirira, pasina kurambwa, uye kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro.
14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid (Mufananidzo 2), sechitsva chebrassinosteroid analog mu rapeseed pollen, inogona kubudiswa uye kunatswa mumabheti uchishandisa zvinonyungudutsa zvakatipoteredza.Ndiyo yekutanga yakasikwa brassinosteroid kuona iyo indasitiri yegirinhi kudhirowa..14-Hydroxybrassinosteroid inorondedzerwa seine muchetura zvishoma kana yakaderera-chepfu muchikamu cheChinese chemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.Iyo yezvakatipoteredza toxicological rating yakaderera-chepfu uye nyore kuparara, uye nharaunda yehutano njodzi yekuongorora yakaderera (RQ <1).Inokuvadza vanhu nevanhu.Zvakatipoteredza uye biosafety, ndiyo yega chirimwa-chakavakirwa chirimwa chekuwedzera chigadzirwa munyika chakawana chenyika "green chikafu chekugadzira chikafu chitupa" uye yeUnited States organic input certification.
3. Maitiro ekushandisa anoratidza kuti brassinoids yakasikwa inogona kukurudzira goho repamusoro uye kuwedzera mari
(1) Kurudzira kusiyaniswa kwemaruva uye chengetedza maruva nemichero
Chibereko uye kunaka kwemiti yemichero yakanyatsobatana nekuvandudzwa kwenhengo dzemaruva.Kupfapfaidza natural brassinoids panguva yekusiyanisa maruva nhanho uye mudiki muchero nhanho, kana kuwedzera imwe huwandu hwechisikigo brassinoids panguva yekugadzira pollination inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda uye kunaka kwemuti wemichero inotumbuka uye kuderedza maruva akaremara.Inogona kuvandudza kushanda kwemukume, kuwedzera chiyero chekuisa michero, uye kuderedza kudonha kwemaruva nemichero, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukudyara nekugadzirwa kwemiti yemichero yakawanda sekiwi, citrus, apuro, uye jujube.
Kiwifruit muzambiringa wakajairika dioecious.Muchiito chekugadzira, kuuchikwa kwemukume kunofanirwa kushandiswa kuwedzera mukume uye mitengo yekumisikidza michero.Kana inopfuura 2/3 yemuti wose yakatumbuka, shandisa natural brassinoids powder yakasanganiswa nepollen pachiyero che 1/50 chekugadzira pollination kana natural brassinoids aqueous solution diluted 2500 times for spray pollination, iyo inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuiswa kwemichero. chiyero che kiwifruit uye kukurudzira Izvo zviri mukati mevhitamini C uye kutsvaga zvinhu muchero zvinonyanya kunatsiridza kuchengetedza uye kutakura zvivakwa uye kukosha kwekudya kwekiwi muchero.(Mufananidzo 3-4) [6].Munguva yechidiki chibereko chekiwifruit, mumiriri wemusanganiswa weakasikwa brassinoids, gibberellin, uye auxin inogona kupfapfaidzwa zvakare, iyo inogona kukurudzira zvakanyanya kukurumidza kuwedzera uye kukura kwemichero midiki, zvichikonzera mutete muchero chimiro uye 20% -30% kuwedzera. muhuremu hwemuchero mumwe chete.
Iyo yakasikwa physiological michero inodonha ye citrus yakakomba, uye chiyero chekumisikidza michero kazhinji ingori 2% -3%.Kuti uvandudze maruva emhando uye kuwedzera chiyero chekugadzirisa michero, kudonha kwechisikigo kunoshandiswa kusati kwatumbuka, 2/3 yemaruva yapera, uye mazuva mashanu kusvika ku7 isati yasvika yechipiri physiological fruit drop.Kupfapfaidza kwebrassinoids + gibberellic acid kunogona kuwedzera chiyero chekuisa michero yecitrus ne20% (Guangxi Sugar Orange).Zvibereko zvidiki nemadzinde emichero zvinoshanduka zvakasvibira mazuva matatu pachine nguva mberi, uye mwero wemichero yakaremara wakaderera.
(2) Shandura ruvara, wedzera shuga, uye uvandudze mhando yemuchero
Kuravira kwehucheche yemuchero kunomiririra huwandu hweshuga-asidhi muchikamu chekukura uye hupfumi hwevhithamini uye kutsvaga zvinhu.Mumatanho ekutanga ekuchinja kweruvara rwemichero, kuenderera kwekushandiswa kwechisikigo brassinoids + yakakwirira-potassium foliar fetiraiza yakapfapfaidzwa ka2-3 mumuti wese inogona kukurumidza kutorwa kwemuviri uye shanduko, kuwedzera photosynthesis, kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kweshuga, uye kukurudzira organic acids se citric acid. uye malic acid.Iyo quasi-degradation inoshandurwa kuita mavhitaminzi, flavonoids uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri, zvichiwedzera huwandu hweshuga-asidhi uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinonaka.Iyo ine zvakare mhedzisiro yekusimudzira yakapfava peel uye kugadzirisa chimiro chemichero.
(3) Kunyura nekupfekedza mhodzi dzezvirimwa zvemumunda kuti dziwedzere kusimba uye kukurudzira kuwedzera kwekurima nemari.
Hunhu uye goho rezvirimwa zvekudya zvakabatana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze.Natural brassinoids ine mhedzisiro yakakosha mukuramba kushushikana kwakadai sekushisa kwakanyanya, kusanaya kwemvura, kukuvadzwa kwechando, uye munyu panguva yese yekukura kwezvirimwa zvekudya.Chekutanga, kupfekedzwa kwembeu, kupfekedza uye kumwe kurapwa kusati kwadyarwa kunogona kuvandudza kufanana kwekumera kwembesa uye kusimbisa mbesa (Mufananidzo 9).Chechipiri, kupfapfaidza mabrassinoids echisikigo ka1-2 panguva dzakakosha dzekukura kwembesa dzakadai sekupwanya, maruva, uye kuzadza zviyo zvinogona kuramba kushushikana kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuwedzera goho rekudya.Natural brassinoids yakasimudzirwa munyika yose kuti igadzirise kukura kwegorosi uye kuwedzera kwegoho, kusanganisira 11 nzvimbo dzekuedza munzvimbo huru dzekugadzira gorosi dzakadai seHenan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, uye Jiangsu, neavhareji yekuwedzera kwe13.28%, iyo iyo inosvika 13.28%. Kuwedzera kwegoho reShanxi kwakasvika 22.36%.
(4) Wedzera kutorwa kwezvikafu uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemuriwo
Shandisa 0.0075% natural brassinosteroid aqueous solution yakanyungudutswa ka2500 uye yakapfapfaidza pamashizha epamusoro emiriwo 1-2 nguva kuti uwedzere kushanda kwezvirimwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinovaka muviri, kuwedzera photosynthesis, uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemuriwo.Indoor test results yakaratidza kuti mazuva matanhatu mushure mekupfapfaidza mashizha, nzvimbo yeshizha yepakchoi muboka rekurapa brassinosteroid yakawedzera ne20% kana ichienzaniswa nekutonga kwemvura yakajeka.
(5) Inoshanda mukudzivirira kutonhora uye nechando
"Kutonhora kwekupedzisira kwechirimo" inguva yechando yakashata, iyo inokanganisa zvakananga goho rezvirimwa.Pfaya 8-15ml yemasikirwo brassinoids + itsva potassium dihydrogen phosphate/amino acid foliar zvinovaka muviri mazuva 2-4 zvisati zvaitika, mazuva matatu mushure, uye mazuva 10-15 mushure mekukuvara kwechando kana kukuvara kwechando kusimudzira kuramba kwezvirimwa kukuvadzwa kwechando kana kukuvara kwechando. .Zvirimwa zvakaomeswa nechando zvinokurumidza kutangazve kukura.Kutonhora kwekupedzisira kwechirimo kuchakuvadza zvinopfuura 60% zvema cherry calyces.Natural brassinoids + yakakwira potassium foliar fetireza kurapwa kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekukuvadza ne40% uye kuve nechokwadi chekukumedza kwakajairwa.
Pasi pemamiriro echando, iyo photosynthetic system yezvirimwa inokuvadzwa uye photosynthesis haigone kupedzwa zvakajairika, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kukura kwembeu.Kwasara mazuva maviri-3 mhodzi dzemadomasi dzisati dzatambura nechando, pfapfaidza chirimwa chose ne2000-fold dilution ye natural brassinosterol + amino acid foliar nutrition kuti activate peroxidase (POD) uye catalase (CAT) zviitiko.Bvisa kushushikana kwakanyanya kweokisijeni isina radicals mumadomasi kuchengetedza iyo photosynthetic system yemadomasi mbesa pasi pekunetseka kwechando uye kukurudzira kupora nekukurumidza mushure mekushushikana.
(6) Kusakura kwakabatanidza, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kwakachengeteka
Natural brassinoids inogona kukurumidza kuunganidza iyo basal metabolic level yezvirimwa.Kune rimwe divi, kana ikashandiswa pamwe chete nemishonga yesora, inogona kukurudzira kutorwa nekutakurwa kwemishonga nesora uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro yesora;kune rumwe rutivi, apo mishonga yezvipembenene yakasiyana-siyana ichiita seinokuvadza, mabrassicas echisikigo anofanirwa kushandiswa zvakare panguva yakakodzera Ihomoni inogona kumutsa nzira yekubvisa zvirimwa, kukurumidza kusvibiswa kwemetabolism yemishonga yezvipembenene mumuviri, uye kukurudzira kupora kwezvirimwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-19-2024