Mudzidziso, hapana chingadzivisa kushandiswa kwakarongwa kweRL mukutengeseranamushonga wekuuraya fungiPamusoro pezvose, zvinoenderana nemitemo yese. Asi pane chikonzero chimwe chete chakakosha nei izvi zvisingazomboratidzi maitiro ebhizinesi: mutengo.
Tichitora chirongwa chekuuraya fungi mukuyedzwa kwegorosi remuchando reRL semuenzaniso, avhareji yemari yaidhura yaive pa £260 pahekita. Kana tichienzanisa, avhareji yemari yechirongwa chekuuraya fungi muJohn Nix Farm Management Guide iri pasi pehafu yeizvozvo (£116 pahekita muna 2024).
Zviri pachena kuti goho rekuyedza kubva mukurapwa kwefungidzi yeRL raive rakakwirira kupfuura goho rekutengesa. Semuenzaniso, avhareji yegoho rekudzora (2020-2024) regorosi rakarapwa nefungidzi yechando mukuyedzwa kweRL raive 10.8t/ha, iro rakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura avhareji yegoho rekutengesa yemakore mashanu ye7.3t/ha (zvichibva padata razvino reDefra).
RL: Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinoita kuti zvirimwa zvinorapwa nemishonga yefungi, uye mapurogiramu emishonga yefungi ndeimwe yezvikonzero izvi. Semuenzaniso:
Zviri nyore kunyanya kufunga nezvemhedzisiro yacho, asi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuyera kubudirira here? Zvechokwadi, mhinduro dzazvino dzeongororo yeRL dzinoratidza kuti varimi vari kunyanya kunetseka nezvimwe zviyero, kunyanya purofiti yezvirimwa.
Mwaka yakati wandei yapfuura (2019-2021), AHDB/ADAS Wheat Fungicide Profit Challenge yaida kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Kuti vawane purofiti yakakwana panzvimbo yega yega yekuyedza yedunhu, varimi vaitora chikamu vakagadzira mapurogiramu efungidzi emhando imwe chete (yakakodzera munharaunda) uye vakaagadzirisa mumwaka wese zvichienderana nekuwanda kwezvirwere zvemunzvimbo. Zvimwe zvese zvakagadziriswa zvakaenzana.
Maitiro aya akakodzera zvidzidzo zvakarongwa zvisina tsarukano, zvichibva papuratifomu (zvakatorwa katatu). Nguva dzese dzekupfapfaidza dzaive dzakafanana (T0, T1, T2 naT3) asi chigadzirwa nedosi chete zvakasiyana muzvirongwa zvinokwikwidzana; Havasi vese vaipfapfaidza nguva dzese (vamwe vakapotsa T0).
Mapuranga aya anosanganisirawo mapuranga ekuti 'hapana mushonga wefungi' uye mapuranga 'anorema', ekupedzisira acho akavakirwa pachirongwa cheRL chefungi kuti aone mukana wekuwana goho.
Chirongwa chekupfapfaidza cheRL chakabereka 10.73t/ha, 1.83t/ha yakakwira kupfuura munda usina kurapwa. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kune mhando yezvirimwa (Graham), iyo ine mwero wepakati wekudzivirira zvirwere. Avhareji yegoho rechirongwa chekutengesa yaive 10.30t/ha, uye avhareji yemutengo wefungicide yaive £82.04.
Zvisinei, purofiti yepamusoro yakawanikwa nemutengo we £79.54 uye goho re 10.62t/ha - 0.11t/ha chete yakaderera pane kurapwa kweRL.
Chirongwa chekupfapfaidza cheRL chakabereka 10.98t/ha, 3.86t/ha yakakwira kupfuura munda usina kurapwa, izvo zvinotarisirwa pakurima mhando yemhando yeyero inokurumidza ngura (Skyfall). Avhareji yegoho rechirongwa chekutengesa yaive 10.01t/ha uye avhareji yemutengo wefungidziri yaive £79.68.
Zvisinei, purofiti yepamusoro yakawanikwa nemutengo we £114.70 uye goho re 10.76t/ha - 0.22t/ha chete yakaderera pane kurapwa kweRL.
Chirongwa chekupfapfaidza cheRL chakabereka 12.07t/ha, 3.63t/ha yakakwira kupfuura munda usina kurapwa. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kune mbeu iri kurimwa (KWS Parkin). Avhareji yegoho rechirongwa chekutengesa yaive 10.76t/ha uye avhareji yemutengo wefungidziri yaive £97.10.
Zvisinei, purofiti yepamusoro yakawanikwa nemutengo we £115.15 uye goho re 12.04t/ha - 0.03t/ha chete yakaderera pane kurapwa kweRL.
Paavhareji (munzvimbo nhatu dzataurwa pamusoro apa), goho rezvirimwa zvine purofiti yakanyanya raingova 0.12 t/ha shoma pane goho rakawanikwa pasi pechirongwa cheRL fungicide.
Zvichibva pamiedzo iyi, tinogona kugumisa kuti chirongwa cheRL fungicide chinoburitsa goho rakafanana nemaitiro akanaka ekurima.
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza kuti goho remukwikwidzi raive pedyo negoho rakawanikwa nekurapwa kwefungidzi yeRL uye kuti goho remukwikwidzi raive rakapfuura goho rakawanikwa nekurapwa kwefungidzi yeRL.
Mufananidzo 1. Kuenzanisa kwehuwandu hwegorosi remuchando rinogadzirwa mumabhizimisi nemitengo yefungicide (kusanganisira mari yekushandisa) mu2021 Harvest Fungicide Margin Challenge (madotsi ebhuruu). Kupora kana tichienzanisa nekurapwa kwefungicide yeRL kwakaiswa pa100% (mutsetse wegirini wakatwasuka). Mafambiro ese edata anoratidzwawo (grey curve).
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukwikwidzana munguva yekukohwa kwa2020, huwandu hwezvirwere hwakanga hwakaderera uye nzvimbo mbiri patatu idzi hadzina kubatwa nefungus. Muna 2020, mishonga yakawanda yefungus yekutengeserana yakawana zvakawanda kupfuura mishonga yeRL.
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa dzinoratidza kuti nei zvakaoma kusarudza mushonga wefungi unomiririra "chiyero chevarimi" mukuyedza kweRL. Kunyangwe kusarudza mutengo mumwe chete kunogona kukonzera mutsauko mukuru mugoho - uye izvo ndezvemhando shoma chete. Mukuyedza kweRL, tiri kubata nemhando dzakawanda, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.
Kunze kwenyaya yekubudirira kwefungicide, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti goho regorosi repasi rose riri pasi rose i17.96t/ha, iro rakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura goho reRL (rekodhi iyi yakaiswa muLincolnshire muna 2022 uchishandisa sisitimu inoenderana negoho).
Zvakanaka kuti tirambe tichiona huwandu hwevanhu vane chirwere ichi muongororo dzeRL huchiderera sezvinobvira. Ehe, huwandu hwevanhu vane chirwere ichi hunofanira kunge huri pasi pe10% kumarudzi ese emhuka uye mune zvese zvidzidzo (kunyange zvazvo izvi zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kuoma kuzviita).
Tinotevedzera mutemo uyu wekuti 'kubvisa chirwere' kuti tiburitse goho remhando dzese dzezvirimwa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ezvakatipoteredza kubva kuCornwall kusvika kuAberdeenshire, pasina chirwere chinokanganisa mhedzisiro.
Kuti chirongwa chemishonga inouraya fungi chikwanise kudzora zvirwere zvese munzvimbo dzese, chinofanira kunge chakakwana (uye chinodhura zvishoma).
Izvi zvinoreva kuti pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu (mamwe marudzi, nzvimbo nenguva dzegore) zvimwe zvinhu zvechirongwa chekuuraya fungi hazvidiwi.
Kuti tiratidze pfungwa iyi, ngatitarisei zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa muchirongwa che core fungicide mumiedzo yekurapa gorosi rechando yeRL (chirimwa cha2024).
Mhinduro: Cyflamid inoshandiswa kudzora mildew. Mishonga inodzivirira mildew inodhura zvakanyanya uye kazhinji inogona kunge iine mhedzisiro diki pakukura kwayo. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva mildew inogona kukonzera matambudziko mushure memakore mashoma, saka zvakakosha kuiisa kuti idzivirire mhando dzinonyanya kukuvadzwa. Tebucur neComet 200 zvinoshandiswa kudzora ngura. Kana iri yekudzivirira mildew, kuwedzera kwayo hakuzowedzera goho remhando dzine ngura yakawanda.
Zvinodiwa: Revistar XE (fluopyram nefluconazole) + Arizona + Talius/Justice (proquinazine)
Mhinduro: Izvi zvakafanana neT0 chero nguva yekupfapfaidza. Kunyangwe musanganiswa weT1 wakajairika, une mushonga unodzivirira chakuvhuvhu - zvakare, zvichiwedzera mutengo, asi kwete muhuwandu hwakawanda (muzviitiko zvakawanda).
Iyi ipfapfaidzo yekuwedzera inogona kushandiswa nevanoita bvunzo. Kunyangwe isinganyanyi kushanda, inogona kubatsira kubvisa fungus dzine ngura (uchishandisa Sunorg Pro) uye fungus dzine mavara (uchishandisa zvigadzirwa zveprothioconazole). Arizona isarudzo zvakare (asi haigone kushandiswa kanopfuura katatu mukurapa kumwe chete).
Mhinduro: Zvinodiwa zveT2 zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakasimba (sezvinotarisirwa pakushandisa ma "flag leaf sprays"). Zvisinei, kuwedzerwa kweArizona hakungangogumiri pakuwedzera kukuru kwekugadzirwa.
Mhinduro: T3 timetime inotarisa mhando dzeFusarium (kwete gorosi rine makwapa). Tinoshandisa Prosaro, iyo inodhurawo zvishoma. Tinowedzerawo Comet 200 kubvisa ngura kubva kumarudzi anonyanya kukanganiswa nengura. Munzvimbo dzine ngura shoma, dzakadai sekuchamhembe kweScotland, kuwedzera ngura kunogona kusabatsira zvakanyanya.
Kuderedza simba rechirongwa cheRL fungicide kwaizochinja chidzidzo kubva pakuedza mhando yakachena kuenda pakuedza mhando x fungicide, izvo zvaizovhiringidza data uye zvichiita kuti kududzira kuve kwakaoma uye kudhura.
Maitiro emazuva ano anotibatsirawo kukurudzira marudzi anowanzobatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana. Kune mienzaniso yakawanda yemarudzi akabudirira mukutengeserana kunyangwe asina simba rekudzivirira zvirwere (kana akatarisirwa zvakanaka) asi aine zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha.
Pfungwa yekusabatwa kwechirwere inorevawo kuti tinoshandisa mishonga yakawanda. Izvi zvinowedzera mitengo asi muzvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoita kuti pave negoho rakaderera. Mhedzisiro yemishonga iyi inoratidzwa zvakajeka mumakoridho ekudzivirira chirwere akawanikwa muchirongwa chedu chekushandisa fungicide zvakanaka.
Mufananidzo 2. Kudzora mavanga emashizha uchishandisa mishonga inodzivirira (yakaunganidzwa kubva muna 2022–2024), ichiratidza mimwe mishonga yefungicide yakashandiswa mukuyedza kweRL. Izvi zvinoratidza kuvandudzika kudiki mukudzora zvirwere kwakabatana nekuchinja kubva pamatanho ekutengesa (hafu yedosi kusvika kuzvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvedosi) kuenda kumatanho eRL (pedyo nedosi yakazara).
Ongororo ichangobva kuitwa neAHDB yakaongorora chirongwa cheRL fungicide. Chimwe chezvakabuda mubasa rakatungamirwa neADAS ndechekuti, pamwe chete nekuongorora goho uye kusimba kwezvirwere pasina kushandisa fungicide, hurongwa huripo hunoramba huri nzira yakanakisisa yekutungamira kusarudzwa nekutarisira mhando dzezvirimwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2024