Muchirevo, hapana chaizodzivirira kurongwa kwekutengesa kushandiswa kweRLfungicide. Mushure mezvose, inoenderana nemirairo yese. Asi pane chikonzero chimwe chakakosha nei ichi chisingazomboratidzi maitiro ebhizinesi: mutengo.
Tichitora chirongwa chefungicide muchirongwa cheRL chegorosi remuchando semuenzaniso, mutengo wepakati waive pa£260 pahekita. Kana tichienzanisa, avhareji mutengo wechirongwa chefungicide chegorosi muJohn Nix Farm Management Guide isingasviki hafu iyo (£116 pahekita muna 2024).
Zviri pachena kuti goho rekuedza kubva kuRL fungicide treatments rakanga rakakwirira kudarika zvibereko zvekutengeserana. Semuyenzaniso, avhareji yekudzora goho (2020-2024) yegorosi yakarapwa nefungicide muchando mumiyedzo yeRL yaive 10.8t/ha, iyo yakakwira zvakanyanya kudarika makore mashanu avhareji yegoho rekutengesa re7.3t/ha (zvichienderana nedata reDefra yazvino).
RL: Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvegoho rakanyanya kucheneswa nefungicide, uye zvirongwa zvefungicide chimwe chazvo. Semuyenzaniso:
Zviri nyore kuve wakabatikana nemhedzisiro, asi ndiyo nzira yakanaka yekuyera kubudirira? Chokwadi, mhinduro ichangoburwa paongororo yeRL inoratidza kuti varimi vari kunyanya kunetsekana nemamwe ma metrics, kunyanya purofiti yezvirimwa.
Mwaka yakati wandei yapfuura (2019-2021), iyo AHDB/ADAS Gorosi Fungicide Profit Challenge yakanangana nekuzadzisa chinangwa ichi. Kuti vawane pundutso yegoho panzvimbo yega yega yedunhu, varimi vanotora chikamu vakagadzira zvirongwa zvekuuraya hongu zvemhando imwe chete (yakakodzera munharaunda) uye vakazvigadzirisa mumwaka wese zvichienderana nekuwanda kwechirwere munharaunda. Mamwe mapindiro ese aive akaenzana.
Aya maprotocol akakodzera zvachose randomised, plot-based zvidzidzo (matatu akadzokorora). Nguva dzese dzekupfapfaidza dzaive dzakafanana (T0, T1, T2 uye T3) nechigadzirwa chete uye muyero wakasiyana muzvirongwa zvinokwikwidza; Havasi vese vatori vechikamu vakapfapfaidza nguva dzese (vamwe vakapotsa T0).
Maplots aya anosanganisirawo 'no fungicide' plots and 'heavy' plots, iyo yekupedzisira inobva pachirongwa cheRL fungicide kuona goho ringave.
Chirongwa cheRL chekupfapfaidza chakapa 10.73t/ha, 1.83t/ha kukwirisa kupfuura chirongwa chisina kurapwa. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakura (Graham), iyo ine mwero dhigirii rekudzivirira zvirwere. Avhareji yegoho rechirongwa chekutengesa yaive 10.30t/ha, uye avhareji mutengo wefungicide yaive £82.04.
Zvakadaro, purofiti yepamusoro yakawanikwa nemutengo we£79.54 uye goho re10.62t/ha - chete 0.11t/ha yakaderera pane kurapwa kweRL.
Chirongwa cheRL chekupfapfaidza chakapa 10.98t/ha, 3.86t/ha yakakwira kupfuura iyo isina kurapwa, zvinova izvo zvaizowanzotarisirwa pakukura yero rust susceptible siyana (Skyfall). Avhareji yegoho rechirongwa chekutengesa yaive 10.01t/ha uye avhareji mutengo wefungicide yaive £79.68.
Zvisinei, purofiti yepamusoro yakawanikwa nemutengo we£114.70 uye goho re10.76t/ha - chete 0.22t/ha yakaderera pane kurapwa kweRL.
Chirongwa cheRL chekupfapfaidza chakapa 12.07t/ha, 3.63t/ha kukwirisa kupfuura chirongwa chisina kurapwa. Izvi zvakajairwa necultivar irikurimwa (KWS Parkin). Avhareji yegoho rechirongwa chekutengesa yaive 10.76t/ha uye avhareji mutengo wefungicide yaive £97.10.
Zvakadaro, purofiti yepamusoro yakawanikwa nemutengo we£115.15 uye goho re12.04t/ha - chete 0.03t/ha pasi pekurapa kweRL.
Paavhareji (pakati penzvimbo nhatu dzataurwa pamusoro apa), goho rezvirimwa zvine pundutso zvakangove zvakaderera ne0,12 t/ha pane goho rakawanikwa pasi pechirongwa cheRL fungicide.
Zvichienderana nemiedzo iyi, tinogona kugumisa kuti chirongwa cheRL fungicide chinoburitsa goho rakafanana nekuita kwakanaka kwekurima.
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza kuti yakawanda sei mukwikwidzi goho raive pedyo negoho rakawanikwa neRL fungicide kurapwa uye yakawanda sei mukwikwidzi goho rakapfuura goho rakawanikwa neRL fungicide kurapwa.
Mufananidzo 1. Kuenzanisa kwekutengesa kwegorosi remuchando kugadzirwa nemari yefungicide (kusanganisira mari yekushandiswa) mu2021 Harvest Fungicide Margin Challenge (madotsi ebhuruu). Kudzoreredza kunoenderana neRL fungicide kurapwa kwakaiswa ku100% (yakatwasuka girini mutsara). Iyo yese maitiro eiyo data inoratidzwa zvakare (grey curve).
Mumakwikwi mukati memwaka wekukohwa wa2020, huwandu hwezvirwere hwaive hwakaderera uye mbiri dzenzvimbo nhatu idzi dzakanga dzisina mhinduro yefungicide. Muna 2020, kunyange mamwe ekutengesa fungicide regimens akabereka yakakwira kupfuura RL regimens.
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa dzinoratidza kuti nei zvakaoma kusarudza chirongwa chefungicide chinomiririra "farmers standard" mukuedza kweRL. Kunyangwe kusarudza mutengo mumwe chete kunogona kukonzera misiyano mikuru mugoho - uye izvi ndezvemhando shoma. Mumiyedzo yeRL, tiri kubata nemhando dzakawanda, imwe neimwe iine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.
Kunze kwenyaya ye fungicide profitability, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ikozvino pasi rose rekodhi goho regorosi i 17.96t/ha, iyo yakanyanya kukwirira kudarika RL yevhareji yegoho (rekodhi yakaiswa muLincolnshire muna 2022 uchishandisa goho rinogona-based system).
Zvakanaka, tinoda kuchengetedza huwandu hwezviitiko muzvidzidzo zveRL zvakaderera sezvinobvira. Ehe, huwandu hwehutachiona hunofanirwa kunge huri pasi pe10% yemarudzi ese uye mune zvese zvidzidzo (kunyangwe izvi zviri kuramba zvichinetsa kuita).
Isu tinotevedzera iyi 'kubvisa chirwere' kuburitsa mukana wegoho wemarudzi ese munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kubva kuCornwall kuenda kuAberdeenshire, pasina mhedzisiro yechirwere.
Kuti chirongwa chefungicide chipe hutongi hwehurwere hwese mumatunhu ese, chinofanira kunge chakazara (uye chinodhura).
Izvi zvinoreva kuti mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu (mamwe marudzi, nzvimbo uye nguva dzegore) zvimwe zvinhu zvechirongwa chefungicide hazvidiwi.
Kuenzanisira pfungwa iyi, ngatitarisei zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa muhukuru fungicide chirongwa muRL yechando kurapwa gorosi miedzo (2024 chirimwa).
Comments: Cyflamid inoshandiswa kudzora chakuvhe. Mildew inhibitors inodhura zvakanyanya uye kazhinji kacho ingangove nemhedzisiro diki pagoho. Nekudaro, mune mamwe maedzo mildew inogona kukonzera matambudziko mushure memakore mashoma, saka zvinodikanwa kuisanganisira kuchengetedza iyo yakanyanya kutambudzika mhando. Tebucur uye Comet 200 inoshandiswa kudzora ngura. Kana iri yekudzivirira ukuru, kuwedzera kwavo hakuzogadzirise goho remhando dzine huturu hwemhando yepamusoro.
Zvinodiwa: Revistar XE (fluopyram uye fluconazole) + Arizona + Talius/Justice (proquinazine)
Comment: Izvi zvakafanana neT0 chero nguva yekupfapfaidza. Kunyange zvazvo musanganiswa weT1 wakaenzana, une mold inhibitor - zvakare, kuwedzera mari, asi kwete muhuwandu hwakawanda (muzviitiko zvakawanda).
Ichi chipfapfaidzo chekuwedzera chinogona kushandiswa nevanoedza. Kunyangwe zvisinganyanyi kushanda, zvinogona kubatsira kubvisa ngura fungus (uchishandisa Sunorg Pro) uye nzvimbo fungus (uchishandisa prothioconazole zvigadzirwa). Arizona zvakare isarudzo (asi haigone kushandiswa kanopfuura katatu mukurapa kumwe chete).
Comment: T2 zvinodiwa zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakasimba (sezvinotarisirwa mureza mashizha akapfapfaidza). Nekudaro, kuwedzera kweArizona hakugone kukonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekugadzira.
Pfungwa: T3 nguva inonangana nemhando dzeFusarium (kwete nzvimbo yeshizha regorosi). Isu tinoshandisa Prosaro, iyo inodhura zvakare. Isu tinowedzerawo Comet 200 kuti ibvise ngura kubva kumhando dzinobatwa. Munzvimbo dzine ngura yakaderera, dzakadai sekuchamhembe kweScotland, kuwedzera ngura kungasava nemigumisiro yakawanda.
Kuderedza kusimba kwechirongwa cheRL fungicide kwaizoshandura chidzidzo kubva pakuyedza akasiyana-siyana kuenda pakuyedza akasiyana x fungicide, izvo zvingavhiringa data uye kuita dudziro yakaoma uye inodhura.
Nzira yemazuva ano inotibatsirawo kukurudzira marara anotapukirwa nezvirwere. Kune mienzaniso mizhinji yemhando dzakawana budiriro yekutengeserana kunyangwe paine kushomeka kwechirwere chekudzivirira (kana yakanyatsogadziriswa) asi iine humwe hunhu hwakakosha.
Nheyo yekuregererwa kwechirwere inorevawo kuti tinoshandisa madosi makuru. Izvi zvinowedzera mari asi muzvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoguma negoho rakaderera. Mhedzisiro yedosi inoratidzwa zvakajeka mumakombi ekudzora chirwere anowanikwa mune yedu fungicide inoshanda chirongwa.
Mufananidzo 2. Kudzora kwemavara eshizha nezvinodzivirira (zvakabatanidzwa 2022-2024 zvawanikwa), zvichiratidza mamwe efungicides anoshandiswa mukuedza kweRL. Izvi zvinoratidzira kuvandudzwa kudiki mukudzora kwechirwere kunoenderana nekufamba kubva kune yakajairwa hurongwa hwekutengesa madosi (hafu kusvika kumatatu-matatu dosi) kuenda kuRL chirongwa dosi (pedyo nedosi yakazara).
Ongororo ichangoburwa yakabhadharwa neAHDB yakatarisa chirongwa cheRL fungicide. Imwe yemhedziso yebasa rinotungamirirwa neADAS ndeyokuti, yakasanganiswa negoho uye zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere pasina kushandisa fungicides, hurongwa huripo hunoramba huri nzira yakanakisisa yekutungamira kusarudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana uye kutonga.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2024