Nhanganyaya:
MUTUNGAMIRIRI WOKUPEDZISIRAimushonga weshanduko haungogonese kudzora tupukanana chete asiwo unoderedza kukanganisa kwazvakatipoteredza.Iyi nzira yepamusoro yekudzora tupukanana inosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinobva muzvinhu zvipenyu zvakaita semiti, bhakitiriya, uye fungi.Munyaya ino yakazara, isu tichaongorora zvakadzama mashandisirwo, mabhenefiti, uye mashandisiro ebiological pesticides, ichipa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kweiyi eco-hushamwari imwe nzira.
1. Kunzwisisa Biological Pesticides:
1.1 Tsanangudzo: Mishonga yezvipembenene, inozivikanwawo semishonga yezvipembenene, zvinhu zvinobva kuzvinhu zvipenyu kana zvinhu zvazvo, zvinonangana netwupukanana uku zvichiunza njodzi shoma kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa.
1.2 Kusiyana-siyana Kwemashandisirwo: Mishonga yezvipembenene yeBiological inowana kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekurima, maruva, uye dzimba.Vanogona kurwisa zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvipembenene, sora, fungi, uye zvirwere zvezvirimwa.
1.3 Zvikamu Zvinokosha: Zvikuru zvinoumba mishonga yezvipembenene zvipenyu zvinosanganisira microbial agents (bacteria, virus, and fungi), biochemicals (pheromones and plant extracts), uye macroorganisms (zvikara nemaparasitoids).
2. Zvakanakira Mishonga Yezvipembenene:
2.1 Kuderedza Kukanganisa Kwezvakatipoteredza: Kusiyana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakajairika, zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanzova nezvinosara zvishoma, kuderedza njodzi yemvura, ivhu, uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo.Uyezve, hazvikuvadzi zvipembenene zvinobatsira, shiri, kana mhuka, zvinochengetedza kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu.
2.2 Hunhu Hwakakwenenzverwa Hunangwa: Mishonga yezvipembenene yebhayoloji inoratidza chiito chekusarudza kune twupukanana, ichideredza njodzi yekukuvadza zvipenyu zvinobatsira.Izvi zvinotarisisa kuti zvipenyu zvisina chinangwa zvakakosha kune ecosystem balance zvinoramba zvisina kukuvara.
2.3 Minimal Resistance Development: Zvipembenene zvinowanzoita kusawirirana nemishonga yemakemikari nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuti isanyanya kushanda.Mukupesana, mishonga yezvipembenene yebhayoloji inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita, zvichiita kuti zviome kuti tupukanana tive nekurwisa.
3. Mhando dzeBiological Pesticides:
3.1 Microbial Pesticides: Aya anoshandisa tupukanana senge bacteria, mavhairasi, uye fungi mukugadzira.Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) mushonga unoshandiswa nevakawanda unoshanda kurwisa twupukanana twupukanana.
3.2 Biochemical Pesticides: Yakatorwa kubva kune zvakasikwa sezvirimwa, biochemical pesticides inosanganisira pheromones, zvinomera zvezvirimwa, ma enzymes, kana mahormone ezvipembenene.Izvi zvinokanganisa maitiro ezvipembenene, maitiro ekusangana, kana kukura.
3.3 Macrobial Pesticides: Kushandisa macroorganisms akadai setumbuyu, nematodes, kana parasitoids, vavengi vetupukana ava vanongoitika vega vanobatsira kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza nekunanga tupukanana.
4. Kushandiswa kweBiological Pesticides:
4.1 Agricultural Sector: Mishonga yezvipembenene yeBiological inoita basa rakakosha mukuitwa kwekurima kunoenderera mberi sezvo ichibatsira mukugadzirisa tupukanana (IPM) nzira.Kushandiswa kwavo kunogona kuderedza kuvimba nemishonga yezvipembenene uye kukurudzira hutano hwenguva refu kwezvakatipoteredza.
4.2 Kurimwa kweHorticulture neGadheni: Biological control agents kurwisa zvine mutsindo tumbuyu mudzimba dzinochengeterwa miti, muminda, nemagadheni ekunze, kuchengetedza hutano hwezvirimwa uye kuderedza masara emakemikari pagoho.
4.3 Kudzivirira Zvipembenene Mudzimba: Mudzimba nemudzimba, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inokwanisa kudzora zvipembenene zvakaita semajuru, umhutu, nenhunzi pasina kukuvadza hutano kune vanogaramo, mhuka dzinovaraidza uye nharaunda.
5. Kukurudzira Kutorwa Kwemushonga Wezvipembenene:
5.1 Tsvagiridzo neBudiriro: Kuenderera mberi kwekudyara mukutsvaga nekusimudzira kwakakosha kuti uwedzere kushanda uye huwandu hwesarudzo dzemishonga yezvipembenene.Hurumende nemasangano vanofanira kugovera zvekushandisa kutsigira kufambira mberi kwesainzi munyaya iyi.
5.2 Ruzivo Rweruzhinji: Kudzidzisa varimi, varimi vebindu, uye veruzhinji pamusoro pezvakanakira uye mashandisirwo akanaka emishonga inouraya zvipembenene kwakakosha.Kusimbisa nyaya dzebudiriro uye zvidzidzo zvenyaya zvichabatsira kukurudzira kuwedzera kugamuchirwa kweiyi nzira inoenderera.
5.3 Rutsigiro rwemitemo: Hurumende dzinofanirwa kudzika mirau yakajeka uye maitirwo ezvitupa zvemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando, kuchengetedzwa, uye kushanda zvakanaka.Izvi zvinokurudzira kugadzirwa kwekutengesa uye kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvinovimbika zvekudzivirira zvipembenene zvebhayoloji.
Mhedziso:
Biological mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inopa yakadzama uye yakadzikama nzira yekutonga tupukanana, ichipa kutonga kunoshanda uku ichideredza njodzi dzenharaunda.Kushandiswa kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana, kuderedzwa kwezvisiri zvinovavarirwa, uye kusimudzira kushomeka kwekurwisa zvinovaita chishandiso chakakosha mune zvekurima, kurima zvirimwa, uye zvigadziriso zvemba.Nekusimudzira tsvagiridzo, ruzivo, uye tsigiro yemitemo, tinogona kukurudzira kutorwa kwakakura kwemishonga yezvipembenene, tichiziva kugona kwavo kukuru mukugadzira kuenzana pakati pezviitwa zvevanhu nezvisikwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-24-2023