Hurumende yeBrazil yakagadza komiti inoona nezvematambudziko ehupfumi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvinodiwa pakugadzira fetereza yephosphate munguva yekukohwa ya2026/27 zvinogona kuwanikwa. Vamiriri vehurumende vekuBrazil vakaita hurukuro nevatengesi vakuru vefetereza munyika - Russia, China neMorocco - uye vanoda kutenga pamitengo yemusika kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti fetereza iyi inowanikwa.
Muna 2025, huwandu hwese hwefetereza hwakashandiswa muBrazil hwaive matani mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe, uye huwandu hwefetereza hwakasvika matani mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mashanu nemashanu. Huwandu hwese hwefetereza hwakasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemana nehafu emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichireva 92% yezvinodiwa zvemuno. Muna 2024, huwandu uhwu hwekuvimbana nefetereza hwakasvika 97%. Sekureva kweBrazilian Association of Agriculture and Livestock (CNA), mwaka unotevera wekudyara, 40% kusvika 45% chete yefetereza inodiwa ndiyo yakatengwa.
Sangano reBrazilian Fertilizer Raw Materials Association (Sinprifert) neNational Fertilizer Association (Anda) vakayambira hurumende nezvekushomeka kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sefosfeti nesarufa, sulfuric acid, nezvimwewo. Brazil inovimba zvakanyanya nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuti ishandise sarufa, uye matambudziko ekupa zvinhu zvakaita kuti mamwe mafekitori ekugadzira aderedze kugadzirwa kana kutovhara.
Mukutaurirana kwenyika dzese, hurumende iyi iri kuongorora kugona kwekugadzira kuripo kwevatengesi uye iri kufunga kusaina chibvumirano chekunzwisisana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zviripo kana paine njodzi.
Mumwedzi mina yekutanga ya2026, huwandu hwefetereza dzakapinzwa kuburikidza neParanaguá Port hwakaderera neinenge 45% zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe cheteyo gore rapfuura. Kuderera uku kunoratidza matambudziko ezvekufambisa zvinhu akakonzerwa nehondo muMiddle East uye kudzvinyirirwa kwepurofiti yevanopinza zvinhu nekuda kwemitengo yakakwira yemubereko.
China iri kukurukura neBrazil nezvenyaya dzemitero. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti kusvika pachibvumirano nedivi reChina ndiyo mhinduro ine tariro huru.
Nekuda kwemukana wekuti El Niño inogona kuwedzera, kudiwa kwefetereza kunotarisirwa kukwira, asi matambudziko emari anotarisana nevarimi anogona kuderedza huwandu hwekutenga kwavo.
CNA yakataura kuti kuvimba kweBrazil nefetereza dzinobva kunze kwenyika kunoratidza kuti pasinei nekukura kuri kuramba kuchiitika mukudiwa kwezvirimwa zvemuno, kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvemuno kwakamira.
Kubva muna 2015 kusvika 2025, huwandu hwefetereza hwakatumirwa muBrazil hwakawedzera ne63%, ukuwo huwandu hwefetereza dzinobva kunze kwenyika hwakawedzera ne130%. Kugadzirwa kwemuno kwakaramba kwakasimba, kuchichinja-chinja pakati pematani emamiriyoni 7.2 nemamiriyoni 9.1.
Muna 2025, vatengesi vefetereza vashanu vepamusoro kuBrazil vaive China, Russia, Canada, Morocco neEgypt. Nyika shanu idzi pamwe chete dzaive ne69% yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Kana zvikarongwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwefetereza, kuvimba kweBrazil nefetereza dzinobva kunze kwenyika kwakakosha zvikuru. Kune potassium fertilizers, inosvika 98%; kune nitrogen fertilizers, inosvika 93%; uye kune phosphate fertilizers, inosvika 57%. Potassium fertilizers inoonekwa senzvimbo isina simba munyika nekuda kwekuvimba kwayo zvakanyanya kubva kunze kwenyika uye huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa.
Brazil ine mafoshoro ephosphorite muMinas Gerais neGoiás. Muna 2024, kambani yeEuroChem Company yekuchera nekugadzira maindasitiri yeSerra do Salitre yakatanga kushanda, iine simba rekugadzira matani miriyoni imwe chete efoshoro pagore.
Kunyange zvakadaro, indasitiri iyi yakatambura zvakanyanya muna 2026. Nekuda kwedambudziko resarufa pasi rose - uko mutengo wesarufa wakakwira neanopfuura 1,100% - Mosaic yakavhara zvachose mafekitori ayo muAraxá nePatrocínio, uye yakambomisa mashandiro ayo kwenguva pfupi muTapira neCatalão.
Kukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yesarufa kunonyanya kuratidza kusaenzana pakati pekuwanikwa kwezvinhu nezvinodiwa, matambudziko ekufambisa zvinhu, kudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwevatengesi vakuru, pamwe nekukura kwezvinodiwa muindasitiri yemabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi uye chikamu chemaindasitiri muAsia.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-09-2026
