Mhepo yakachena, mvura nevhu rine hutano zvakakosha pakushanda kwenzvimbo dzinoshanda munzvimbo huru ina dzePasi kuti dzirarame. Zvisinei, zvisaririra zvemishonga ine chepfu zviri munzvimbo dzinoshanda uye zvinowanzowanikwa muvhu, mumvura (zvese zvakasimba uye zvemvura) uye mhepo iri munzvimbo dziri pedyo nemazinga anopfuura mwero weUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Zvisaririra izvi zvemishonga zvinoitwa nehydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation uye biodegradation, zvichikonzera shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana dzakajairika semakemikari avo ekuberekwa. Semuenzaniso, 90% yevaAmerica vane kanenge biomarker imwe chete yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mumiviri yavo (zvese zviri zviviri compound yemubereki uye metabolite). Kuvapo kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene mumuviri kunogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu, kunyanya panguva dzehupenyu dzisina kusimba dzakadai sehudiki, kuyaruka, pamuviri uye kukwegura. Mabhuku esainzi anoratidza kuti mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yagara iine migumisiro yakaipa pahutano (semuenzaniso kukanganiswa kwe endocrine, kenza, matambudziko ekubereka/kuberekwa, chepfu yeuropi, kurasikirwa nehupenyu hwezvisikwa, nezvimwewo) pane zvakatipoteredza (kusanganisira mhuka dzesango, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye hutano hwevanhu). Saka, kusangana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nePDs dzavo kunogona kukanganisa hutano, kusanganisira migumisiro pa endocrine system.
Nyanzvi yeEU yezvekukanganisa endocrine (yava kunonoka) Dr. Theo Colborne vakaisa zvinhu zvinopfuura makumi mashanu zvinoshanda zvemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene muzvikamu zve endocrine (ED), kusanganisira makemikari ari muzvigadzirwa zvemumba zvakaita se sipo, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, mapurasitiki nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kukanganiswa kwe endocrine kunonyanya kuitika mumishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakawanda yakadai se atrazine ne 2,4-D, fipronil yezvipembenene zvemhuka, uye manufacturing-derived dioxins (TCDD). Makemikari aya anogona kupinda mumuviri, kukanganisa mahormone uye kukonzera matambudziko ekukura, zvirwere, uye kubereka. Sisitimu ye endocrine inoumbwa nema glands (thyroid, gonads, adrenals, uye pituitary) uye mahormone aanogadzira (thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, uye adrenaline). Ma glands aya nemahormone anoenderana nawo anotonga kukura, kukura, kubereka, uye maitiro emhuka, kusanganisira vanhu. Matambudziko e endocrine idambudziko rinogara riripo uye riri kukura rinokanganisa vanhu pasi rese. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vatsigiri vanoti mutemo uyu unofanira kusimbisa mitemo yakaoma pakushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye kusimbisa kutsvagurudza pamusoro pemigumisiro yenguva refu yekusangana nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene.
Chidzidzo ichi ndechimwe chezvakawanda zvinoziva kuti mishonga inoparadza mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine chepfu yakafanana kana kuti inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura mishonga inobereka. Pasi rose, pyriproxyfen (Pyr) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzora umhutu uye ndiyo yega mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakatenderwa neWorld Health Organization (WHO) yekudzora umhutu mumidziyo yemvura yekunwa. Zvisinei, inenge mishonga yese minomwe yeTP Pyrs ine basa rekubvisa estrogen muropa, itsvo, nechiropa. Malathion mushonga unouraya zvipembenene unodzivirira kushanda kweacetylcholinesterase (AChE) mutsinga dzetsinga. Kudziviswa kweAChE kunotungamira mukuunganidzwa kweacetylcholine, makemikari anokonzera kushanda kweuropi netsandanyama. Kuunganidzwa uku kwemakemikari kunogona kutungamira kumigumisiro yakakomba senge kudzorwa nekukurumidza kwetsandanyama, kuoma mitezo yekufema, kugwinha, uye mune zviitiko zvakanyanya, zvisinei, kudziviswa kweacetylcholinesterase hakuna kutsanangurwa, zvichikonzera kupararira kwemalathion. Izvi zvinotyisa zvikuru kumhuka dzesango nehutano hwevanhu. Muchidimbu, chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti maTP maviri emalathion ane mhedzisiro inoparadza endocrine pakugadzirwa kwemajini, kuburitswa kwemahormone, uye metabolism yeglucocorticoid (carbohydrate, protein, fat). Kukurumidza kuparara kwemishonga yezvipembenene fenoxaprop-ethyl kwakaguma nekuumbwa kwemaTP maviri ane chepfu zvakanyanya izvo zvakawedzera kugadzirwa kwemajini ne5.8-12-fold uye zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya basa reestrogen. Pakupedzisira, TF huru yebenalaxil inoramba iri munharaunda kwenguva yakareba kupfuura compound yemubereki, iestrogen receptor alpha antagonist, uye inowedzera kugadzirwa kwemajini ne3-fold. Mishonga mina yezvipembenene muchidzidzo ichi yakanga isiri iyo chete makemikari ainetsa; mimwe yakawanda inogadzirawo zvigadzirwa zvechepfu. Mishonga yakawanda yezvipembenene yakarambidzwa, mishonga yekare nemitsva yezvipembenene, uye zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvinoburitsa phosphorus ine chepfu iyo inosvibisa vanhu nenharaunda.
Mushonga wezvipembenene wakarambidzwa weDDT pamwe chete nemetabolite yawo huru yeDDE unoramba uri munharaunda kwemakumi emakore mushure mekunge wabviswa kushandiswa, neUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ichiona huwandu hwemakemikari anodarika mwero unogamuchirika. Kunyange zvazvo DDT neDDE zvichinyunguduka mumafuta emuviri uye zvichigara imomo kwemakore, DDE inoramba iri mumuviri kwenguva yakareba. Ongororo yakaitwa neCenters for Disease Control (CDC) yakawana kuti DDE yakanga yatapukira mumiviri ye99 muzana yevatori vechikamu muongororo. Kufanana nevanovhiringidza endocrine, kusangana neDDT kunowedzera njodzi dzinobatanidzwa nechirwere cheshuga, kuenda kumwedzi nekukurumidza, kudzikira kwehuwandu hwembeu, endometriosis, kusagadzikana kwekuzvarwa, autism, kushomeka kwevhitamini D, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, uye kufuta. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti DDE ine chepfu kupfuura chinhu chayo chikuru. Metabolite iyi inogona kuva nemigumisiro yehutano hwezvizvarwa zvakawanda, ichikonzera kufuta nechirwere cheshuga, uye inowedzera kuwanda kwekenza yemazamu muzvizvarwa zvakawanda. Mimwe mishonga yezvipembenene yechizvarwa chekare, kusanganisira organophosphates senge malathion, inogadzirwa kubva mumishonga yakafanana neiyo yeHondo Yenyika II nerve agent (Agent Orange), iyo inokanganisa tsinga dzemuviri. Triclosan, mushonga wezvipembenene unorwisa utachiona unorambidzwa muzvikafu zvakawanda, unoramba uripo uye unogadzira zvinhu zvinokonzera kenza zvakaita se chloroform uye 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD).
Makemikoro e "chizvarwa chinotevera", anosanganisira glyphosate ne neonicotinoids, anoshanda nekukurumidza uye anopwanyika nekukurumidza, saka haawanzounganidzike. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hwakaderera hwemakemikari aya hune chepfu kupfuura makemikari ekare uye hunoda huremu hushoma hwemakirogiramu akati wandei. Nokudaro, zvigadzirwa zvekupwanyika kwemakemikari aya zvinogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakafanana kana yakanyanya kuipa yechepfu. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti herbicide glyphosate inoshandurwa kuita AMPA metabolite ine chepfu inochinja kugadzirwa kwemajini. Pamusoro pezvo, metabolites itsva dzeionic dzakadai sedenitroimidacloprid nedecyanothiacloprid dzine chepfu yakapetwa mazana matatu uye ~ mazana maviri kune mhuka dzinoyamwisa kupfuura imidacloprid inobereka, zvichiteerana.
Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nemishonga yayo inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwechepfu hwakanyanya uye husina simba zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yenguva refu pakupfuma kwemarudzi uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakasiyana-siyana yekare neyazvino inoshanda semamwe matsvina ezvakatipoteredza, uye vanhu vanogona kusangana nezvinhu izvi panguva imwe chete. Kazhinji mishonga iyi yemakemikari inoshanda pamwe chete kana kuti pamwe chete kuti ibudise migumisiro yakakomba. Kubatana idambudziko rinowanzoitika mumisanganiswa yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye inogona kuderedza migumisiro ine chepfu pahutano hwevanhu, mhuka nenharaunda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuongororwa kwenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza nedzehutano hwevanhu kuripo kunoderedza zvakanyanya migumisiro inokuvadza yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, metabolites nezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakatipoteredza.
Kunzwisisa kukanganisa kunogona kuita makemikari anouraya mishonga yezvipembenene pamwe nekugadzirwa kwayo pahutano hwezvizvarwa zvemazuva ano nezveramangwana kwakakosha. Chikonzero chezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemishonga yezvipembenene hachinzwisiswi zvakanaka, kusanganisira kunonoka kwenguva inofanotaurwa pakati pekusangana nemakemikari, migumisiro yehutano, uye data rezvirwere.
Imwe nzira yekuderedza kukanganisa kwemishonga yezvipembenene pavanhu nenzvimbo ndeyekutenga, kurima nekuchengetedza zvirimwa zveorganic. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti kana uchichinja kudya kweorganic chete, huwandu hwemishonga yezvipembenene muweti hunoderera zvakanyanya. Kurima kweorganic kune mabhenefiti akawanda ehutano nenharaunda nekuderedza kudiwa kwekurima uchishandisa mishonga yakawanda. Mhedzisiro inokuvadza yemishonga yezvipembenene inogona kuderedzwa nekushandisa nzira dzekuvandudza organic uye kushandisa nzira dzisina chepfu shoma dzekudzivirira zvipembenene. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwakapararira kwenzira dzisiri dzekuuraya zvipembenene, mhuri nevashandi vekurima vanogona kushandisa nzira idzi kugadzira nharaunda yakachengeteka uye ine hutano.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-06-2023