Mhepo yakachena, mvura uye ivhu rine hutano zvakakosha pakushanda kwezvipenyu zvinopindirana munzvimbo ina huru dzePasi kuchengetedza hupenyu.Nekudaro, zvisaririra zvemushonga wezvipembenene zvine muchetura zvinowanikwa kwese kwese muzvinhu zvipenyu uye zvinowanzowanikwa muvhu, mvura (zvese zvikukutu uye mvura) uye nemhepo yakadzikama pamazinga anodarika US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) zviyero.Izvi zvisaririra zvemishonga yezvipembenene zvinopinda hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation uye biodegradation, zvichikonzera akasiyana siyana ekuchinja zvigadzirwa zvakajairika semakomponi evabereki vavo.Semuyenzaniso, 90% yevaAmerica vane inokwana imwe biomarker yepesticide mumiviri yavo (zvese zviri zviviri mubereki kompani uye metabolite).Kuvapo kwemishonga yezvipembenene mumuviri kunogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu, kunyanya panguva dzenjodzi dzehupenyu dzakadai sehudiki, kuyaruka, kubata pamuviri uye kuchembera.Mabhuku esainzi anoratidza kuti mishonga yezvipembenene yakagara iine hutano hwakashata (semuenzaniso kukanganiswa kwe endocrine, kenza, matambudziko ekuzvara/kuzvara, neurotoxicity, kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, nezvimwewo) pane zvakatipoteredza (kusanganisira mhuka dzesango, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye hutano hwevanhu).Nekudaro, kuratidzwa kune mishonga yezvipembenene uye maPD avo anogona kuve neakaipa hutano mhedzisiro, kusanganisira mhedzisiro pane endocrine system.
Nyanzvi yeEU inoona nezve endocrine disruptors (yakanonoka) Dr. Theo Colborne akaronga zvinopfuura makumi mashanu epesticide active ingredients se endocrine disruptors (ED), kusanganisira makemikari ari muzvigadzirwa zvemumba zvakadai se detergents, disinfectants, plastiki uye insecticides.Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kuvhiringika kwe endocrine kunotungamira mumishonga yakawanda yezvipembenene senge herbicides atrazine uye 2,4-D, iyo pet insecticide fipronil, uye kugadzira-derived dioxins (TCDD).Makemikari aya anogona kupinda mumuviri, kukanganisa mahomoni uye kukonzera kukura kwakashata, chirwere, uye matambudziko ekubereka.Iyo endocrine system inoumbwa nematehwe (thyroid, gonads, adrenals, uye pituitary) nemahomoni avanoburitsa (thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, uye adrenaline).Aya magland nemahormone anoenderana nawo anodzora kukura, kukura, kuberekana, uye maitiro emhuka, kusanganisira vanhu.Endocrine disorder idambudziko rinogara richikura uye rinobata vanhu pasirese.Nekuda kweizvozvo, vatsigiri vanopokana kuti mutemo unofanirwa kuteedzera mirau yakasimba pakushandiswa kwezvipembenene uye kusimbisa tsvakiridzo mumhedzisiro yenguva refu yekufumurwa kwezvipembenene.
Chidzidzo ichi ndechimwe chezvizhinji zvinoziva kuti mishonga yekuparara kwezvipembenene ine chepfu kana kutonyanya kushanda kupfuura makomisheni evabereki vavo.Pasi rose, pyriproxyfen (Pyr) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzora mosquito uye ndiyo yega mushonga unobvumidzwa neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) yekudzora mosquito mumidziyo yemvura yekunwa.Nekudaro, anenge ese manomwe eTP Pyrs ane estrogen-inopedza basa muropa, itsvo, uye chiropa.Malathion inonzi insecticide yakakurumbira inodzivisa basa reacetylcholinesterase (AChE) muhutano hwehutano.Inhibition yeAChE inotungamira mukuunganidzwa kweacetylcholine, kemikari neurotransmitter inotarisira basa rehuropi uye tsandanyama.Uku kuunganidza kemikari kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaoma yakadai sekusadzora kusingadzorwi kukurumidza kukurumidza kwemamwe mhasuru, kufema mitezo, kuputika, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, zvisinei, acetylcholinesterase inhibition haisi chaiyo, zvichiita kuti kupararira kwemalathion.Uku kutyisidzira kwakakomba kumhuka dzesango uye hutano hweveruzhinji.Muchidimbu, chidzidzo chacho chakaratidza kuti maTP maviri emalathion ane endocrine inovhiringidza zvinokonzerwa nejene kutaura, hormone secretion, uye glucocorticoid (carbohydrate, protein, fat) metabolism.Kukurumidza kuparara kwepesticide fenoxaprop-ethyl kwakaguma nekuumbwa kweTPs mbiri dzine chepfu iyo yakawedzera gene expression 5.8-12-fold uye yakave nemigumisiro yakawanda pakuita kweesrogen.Chekupedzisira, iyo huru TF yebenalaxil inorambira munzvimbo yakarebesa kupfuura iyo mubereki komboni, isrogen receptor alpha antagonist, uye inosimudzira gene kutaura 3-kupeta.Mishonga ina yezvipembenene muchidzidzo ichi handiyo yega makemikari ainetsa;mamwe akawanda anogadzirawo zvinhu zvine chepfu.Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakawanda yakarambidzwa, mishonga yekare uye mitsva yezvipembenene, uye makemikari ne-zvigadzirwa zvinoburitsa muchetura phosphorus inosvibisa vanhu uye zvisikwa.
Mushonga wezvipembenene wakarambidzwa DDT uye metabolite yayo huru DDE inoramba iri munharaunda makumi emakore mushure mekushandiswa kwabviswa, neUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inoona kuwanda kwemakemikari anopfuura mazinga anogamuchirwa.Nepo DDT neDDE zvichinyungudika mumafuta emuviri uye zvichigarapo kwemakore, DDE inoramba iri mumuviri kwenguva refu.Ongororo yakaitwa neCenters for Disease Control (CDC) yakawana kuti DDE yakabata miviri ye99 muzana yevatori vechikamu mukudzidza.Sezvinovhiringidza endocrine, kusangana neDDT kunowedzera njodzi dzine chekuita nechirwere cheshuga, kutanga kuenda kumwedzi, kudzikira kwembeu, endometriosis, congenital anomalies, autism, kushomeka kwevhitamini D, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, uye kufutisa.Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti DDE yakatonyanya muchetura kupfuura musanganiswa wemubereki.Iyi metabolite inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yehutano hwemarudzi akawanda, ichikonzera kufutisa uye chirwere cheshuga, uye yakasarudzika inowedzera chiitiko chegomarara rezamu muzvizvarwa zvakawanda.Mimwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yechizvarwa chekare, kusanganisira organophosphates yakadai semalathion, inogadzirwa kubva mumisanganiswa yakafanana neHondo Yenyika II nerve agent (Agent Orange), iyo inokanganisa tsinga system.Triclosan, mushonga unorwisa tupukanana wakarambidzwa muzvikafu zvakawanda, unoramba uri mumhoteredzo uye unogadzira zvinhu zvinosvibisa kenza zvakaita sechloroform uye 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD).
"Next-generation" makemikari, kusanganisira glyphosate uye neonicotinoids, anoita nokukurumidza uye anoputsika nokukurumidza, saka havakwanisi kuvaka.Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kudzika kwakadzika kwemakemikari aya kune muchetura kupfuura makemikari ekare uye kunoda makirogiramu akati wandei huremu.Naizvozvo, kuparara kwezvinhu zvemakemikari aya zvinogona kukonzera zvakafanana kana zvakanyanya kuomarara toxicological mhedzisiro.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti herbicide glyphosate inoshandurwa kuita chepfu AMPA metabolite inoshandura gene expression.Mukuwedzera, novel ionic metabolites yakadai sedenitroimidacloprid uye decyanothiacloprid ndeye 300 uye ~ 200 nguva yakawanda inotyisa kumhuka dzinoyamwisa kupfuura mubereki imidacloprid, maererano.
Mishonga yezvipembenene nemaTFs avo anogona kuwedzera mwero wehupfu uye husingaurayiwi hunoita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yenguva refu pakupfuma kwezvipenyu uye kusiyana-siyana.Mishonga yezvipembenene yakasiyana-siyana yekare neyazvino inoita sezvimwe zvinosvibisa nharaunda, uye vanhu vanogona kuoneswa zvinhu izvi panguva imwe chete.Kazhinji izvi zvinosvibisa zvemakemikari zvinoshanda pamwechete kana synergistically kugadzira zvakanyanya kusanganisa mhedzisiro.Synergy idambudziko rakajairika mumisanganiswa yemishonga yezvipembenene uye inogona kurerutsa chepfu pahutano hwevanhu, mhuka uye nharaunda.Nekuda kweizvozvo, ikozvino kuongororwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kukuvadza kwezvisaririra zvezvipembenene, metabolites uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvakatipoteredza.
Kunzwisisa mabatiro anoita endocrine kukanganisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye zvigadzirwa zvawo zvekuputsika zvinogona kuve nazvo pahutano hwezvizvarwa zvazvino uye zvichauya kwakakosha.Etiology yechirwere chinokonzerwa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene hainyatso kunzwisiswa, kusanganisira kunonoka kunonoka pakati pekuratidzwa kwemakemikari, hutano, uye epidemiological data.
Imwe nzira yekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene pavanhu uye nharaunda kutenga, kurima nekuchengetedza goho.Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti kana uchichinjira kune yakazara organic chikafu, mwero wepesticide metabolites muweti inodonha zvakanyanya.Organic farming ine zvakawanda zvakanaka zvehutano uye zvakatipoteredza nekuderedza kudiwa kwekuita zvekurima zvine makemikari.Kukuvadza kwemishonga yezvipembenene kunogona kudzikiswa nekutora maitiro ezvekugadzirisa organic uye kushandisa nzira dzidiki dzekudzivirira zvipembenene.Tichifunga nezvekushandiswa kwakapararira kwemamwe nzira dzisiri dzemishonga yezvipembenene, dzimba dzese nevashandi vezvekurima maindasitiri vanogona kushandisa maitiro aya kugadzira nharaunda yakachengeteka uye ine hutano.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-06-2023