Muma1980, varimi vekuScotland ndivo vakatanga kushandiswa kweglyphosatemaspray asati akohwa gorosi. Nekuti mipata ine hunyoro inoita kuti zviome kuomesa zvirimwa zvakaenzana, vakagadzira nzira yekuuraya sora vhiki imwe kusvika mbiri vasati vakohwa kuti kukurumidzise kuoma kwegorosi.
Glyphosate yaive mushonga wekuuraya zvipembenene panguva iyoyo; yakauraya zvirimwa zvese pasina kukuvadza mhuka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera basa iri. Muitiro uyu wakakurumidza kupararira kunzvimbo dzekurima dzine mvura yakawanda uye dzinotonhora pasi rese.
Makore makumi mana gare gare, zviuru zvematani eglyphosate zvichiri kushandiswa gore rega rega mumapurazi, nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzemumaguta, uye minda yemumba muUK. Zvisinei, kuchengetedzeka kwemushonga uyu wesora kuri kune gakava guru, uye sezvo rezenisi rawo rakatarwa kupera muna Zvita, pane kurudziro yekuti urambidzwe kana kuti urambidzwe kushandiswa kwawo.
Ongororo yedata rehurumende inoratidza kuti varimi vakapfapfaidza matani anopfuura 2,200 eglyphosate muna 2024, uye anopfuura hafu yemari iyoyo akashandiswa pagorosi nezvimwe zvirimwa zvezviyo.
Ruzivo runoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemushonga uyu kwakawedzera kagumi mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, uye kushandiswa kwawo kuchiri kwakakwira kunyangwe mushure mekunge World Health Organization yauisa mu "zvingangoita kuti unokonzera kenza kuvanhu" muna 2015. Bayer inosimbirira kuti mushonga wayo wekuuraya zvipembenene haukonzeri kenza.
"Kuvimba neglyphosate muUK kwave kutadza kudzora," akadaro Nick Mole wePesticide Action Network UK, iyo yakaita ongororo iyi. "Tinoziva kuti glyphosate yakabatana nekenza dzakasiyana siyana nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotyisidzira hupenyu. Inokuvadzawo nharaunda, inosvibisa mvura, uye inokuvadza mhuka dzesango."
"Hurumende inofanira kukurumidza kuzvipira kubvisa zvachose uye pakupedzisira kurambidza kushandiswa kweglyphosate, uye kutsigira varimi nemakanzuru emunharaunda kuti vashandise dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinogara kwenguva refu."
Glyphosate mushonga wekuuraya sora une spectrum yakakura, zvichireva kuti unogona kuuraya sora rese, kusanganisira sora rine mashizha akafara. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive chombo chakasimba kuvarimi. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweglyphosate muUK kwakasiyana zvikuru nekushandiswa kwemuUS. MuUS, zvirimwa zvakagadziriswa majini, nekuda kwekusakwanisa kubatwa neglyphosate, zvinopfapfaidzwa glyphosate zvakanyanya panguva yekurima.
"MuUK, glyphosate inonyanya kushandiswa usati wadyara zvirimwa kuti uuraye sora rinokura mumunda," akadaro Helen Metcalfe, nyanzvi yezvekurima paHarpenden Rotherhamstead Institute muHertfordshire.
Metcalf akataura kuti kuchinja kurima "kunovandudza" zvishoma ndiko chikonzero chikuru chekuwedzera kushandiswa kweglyphosate. Imwe nzira inosanganisira kurima ivhu kubvisa masora, asi izvi zvinokuvadzawo ivhu, "izvo chaizvo zviri kuedza kuchengetedzwa nevarimi," akadaro. "Vari kuedza kuchengetedza ivhu, kudzivirira mvura nekukura kwevhu, kuwedzera kabhoni yevhu, nezvimwewo. Kurima kunobudirira kunovandudza kunoda kushandiswa kweglyphosate."
Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekugadzira kune njodzi. MuUnited States, Bayer yakapa mabhiriyoni emadhora 7.25 (£5.4 bhiriyoni) kugadzirisa zviuru zvematare edzimhosva ichiti yakakundikana kunyevera vatengi kuti mushonga wayo wekuuraya zvipembenene une glyphosate-conformity Roundup unogona kukonzera kenza. MuFrance, hurumende yakabvuma hukama huripo pakati pechirwere cheParkinson neglyphosate uye yakabhadhara varimi.
"Chaizvoizvo, sezvinoitika mune zvimwe zvinhu, paunonyanya kusangana nevanhu, ndipo panonyanya kukunetsa," anodaro Wayne Carter, purofesa wepaYunivhesiti yeNottingham uyo anodzidza nezvemigumisiro yezvipembenene. "Kunyanya kusangana nevanhu kunogona kuva nengozi, saka unogona kuwana mishonga yezvipembenene kuburikidza nechikafu kana kufema; asi unofanirawo kungwarira kuti usapfapfaidza mishonga yezvipembenene zvisina tsarukano mubindu rako."
Muna 2023, EU yakarambidza kushandiswa kweglyphosate mukuomesa zvirimwa zvisati zvarimwa, zvichiratidza kushushikana nezvekuunganidzwa kweglyphosate muzvigadzirwa zvekudya.
Mutauriri wehurumende yeUK akasimbirira kuti kushandiswa kweglyphosate kwaidzorwa zvakasimba, achiwedzera kuti: "Kushandiswa kwayo kuchabvumidzwa chete kana paine humbowo hwekuti mushonga wezvipembenene hauzokuvadzi hutano hwevanhu kana hwemhuka kana kuti une migumisiro isingagamuchiriki panharaunda."
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2026
